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1.
Ines Newman 《Local Economy》1994,8(4):369-374
Cochrane, A. 1993: Whatever Happened to Local Government? Buckingham: Open University Press, £10.99 paper.  相似文献   

2.
地方政府融资平台是我国特定历史条件下的产物,从1984年十二届三中全会通过《改革经济体制的决定》,拓宽重大基础设施建设项目的投融资渠道成为迫切需要,始于1994年的分税制改革将地方税与国家税分开收支管理,进一步加大了地方政府在"事权"与"财权"上的不匹配,为应对美国"次贷危机"影响,地方政府融资平台开始了大规模、实质性的探索实践。从地方政府融资平台的融资结构看,银行借款无疑是最重要的来源,由于地方政府融资平台债务余额不断膨胀且运作机制不够规范,地方财政的偿债风险日益加大。因此,梳理出地方政府融资平台贷款的成因对构建健康的基础设施领域投融资渠道、规范地方政府的负债行为具有重要的现实意义。本文主要是通过对地方政府融资平台的产生背景和发展脉络入手,找出地方政府融资平台贷款形成的原因。  相似文献   

3.
李子晹 《新财经》2007,(7):26-27
无论调整印花税对股市的影响最终是好是坏,都不能掩盖通过此次事件凸显出来的一个核心问题,那就是政府的运转方式远远落后于主流世界。印花税的调整至少会有一个好处,那就是让社会注意到了这个重要问题  相似文献   

4.
新区土地改革中的地方政府行为分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
田平 《特区经济》2008,(2):134-135
1950年冬到1952年底的新区土地改革中,面对中央政府显著强势和极其有限的授权,地方政府作为农地产权制度变迁的“次级行动集团”,在中央宏观政策、地方法规和干部素质以及农村社会现状的约束下,运用政治、行政、法律和宣传等多重行为手段,追求政治和经济利益最大化。地方政府在农地产权制度变迁中连接中央和农民的中枢地位与执行中的微观配置角色,使其成为实现这一制度变迁的重要力量和农地制度领域研究中不可忽视的主体。  相似文献   

5.
This paper aims to assess the rationales for export taxes in the context of a food crisis. First, we summarize the effects of export taxes using both partial and general equilibrium theoretical models. When large countries aim to maintain constant domestic food prices, in the event of an increase in world agricultural prices, the optimal response is to decrease import tariffs in net food-importing countries and to increase export tariffs in net food-exporting countries. The latter decision improves national welfare, while the former reduces national welfare: this is the price that must be paid to keep domestic food prices constant. Small net food-importing countries are harmed by both decisions, while small net food-exporting countries gain from both. Second, we illustrate the costs of a lack of regulation and cooperation surrounding such policies in a time of crisis using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, mimicking the mechanisms that appeared during the recent food price surge (2006–2008). This model illustrates the interdependence of trade policies, as well as how a process of retaliation and counter-retaliation (increased export taxes in large net food-exporting countries and reduced import tariffs in large net food-importing countries) can contribute to successive augmentations of world agricultural prices and harm small net food-importing countries. We conclude with a call for international regulation, in particular because small net food-importing countries may be substantially harmed by those policies that amplify the already negative impact of a food crisis.  相似文献   

6.
The issues of taxation of value added are analyzed with regard to the results of the functioning of production chains in the economy. A game-theoretic model of vertical interactions in oligopolistic markets is suggested for the analysis. It is shown that increased tax rates may result in greater price volatility in the economy. A possible contradiction between the goals of the fiscal and antitrust government policies is brought to light.  相似文献   

7.
This article utilizes a Statistical Cost Accounting Model and Mean Variance Model to estimate the cost and potential risk impact of government deposits for black-owned commercial banks. The main findings are that relative to other types of deposits on the balance sheet, government deposits are expensive, and that deposits received through the Minority Bank Deposit Program may have the effect of increasing risk in the asset portfolio.  相似文献   

8.
ABSTRACT

A high-level audit of administrative databases was conducted in more than 20 national government departments or entities. The aim was to investigate the relevance of datasets within these databases to skills planning by the government aimed at harmonising skills supply and demand in South Africa. The audit revealed that datasets have different levels of relevance and usability. There are datasets that: are relevant and immediately usable; are highly relevant and require some preparation; contain relevant variables but are currently undergoing validation and cleaning before they can be utilised; and are in an early stage of evolution. Based on these observations, the authors furthermore explore how databases can be understood from an evolutionary perspective. This investigation provides evidence that, in the field of skills planning, the government is progressing through the early phases of e-government systems development by cataloguing data resources and preparing for transactions between data users and providers.  相似文献   

9.
杨明 《特区经济》2014,(10):33-35
京津冀一体化进程历经数十年,发展缓慢的原因是地方政府竞争激烈,地方政府合作机制缺乏。京津两个实力相当的大城市为争夺政策、资源竞争激烈,缺乏合作动力。京冀、津冀城市间虽然竞争动力小,合作动力大,但由于经济落差巨大,城市衔接不好,导致合作效果不佳。为加快京津冀一体化进程,必须转变政府职能减少京津地方政府间竞争,建立有效的地方政府合作机制,从组织、制度上保证京津冀地方政府合作的有效展开。  相似文献   

10.
This study examines the macroeconomic impacts of government debt. Unlike previous studies, the current study restricts the estimation period to the 1980s and 1990s. The analysis is conducted using variance decompositions and impulse response functions derived from a vector autoregressive model. The results presented here support an extreme form of the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis. In this view, wealth falls as government debt rises. Because wealth falls as government debt rises, an increase in government debt leads to decreases in interest rates, output, and the price level.This work was supported by a grant from the Faculty Research and Creative Activities Support Fund of Western Michigan University. The author wishes to thank Nancy S. Barrett, James S. Fackler, W. Douglas McMillin, Susan Pozo, and Paul D. Thistle for comments and suggestions.  相似文献   

11.
W. Driehuis 《De Economist》1979,127(2):255-286
Summary Recently attempts have been made by several European researchers to improve the realism of demand for labour functions by introducing the economic lifetime of machinery as a determinant. One of the more well-known studies is that by Den Hartog and Tjan. The article criticizes their clay-clay vintage model, both on theoretical and empirical grounds. Despite some attractive features, an alternative more Keynesian-oriented analysis is not considered to be wholly satisfactory, either. Finally, a synthesis is developed which should be considered as a starting point for new theoretical and empirical work, and which advocates more attention to the replacement of capital goods, rather than to their scrappage, as is done in most vintage models. Faculty of Economics, University of Amsterdam. I am indebted to J. H. von Eije and H. J. Mastenbroek for their research assistance, and to F. A. G. den Butter, H. den Hartog, J. Weitenberg and S. K. Kuipers for valuable comments on an earlier draft of this article. None of these persons is of course responsible for any remaining errors or omissions. This draft circulated under the same title as Research Memorandum No. 7604 of the Department of Economics of the University of Amsterdam. The memorandum was written winter 1975 and circulated after June 1976. Since that date a considerable amount of papers have been published on the subject and the ideas of the author have also changed somewhat. Nevertheless the original content of Research Memorandum No. 7604 has been largely retained.  相似文献   

12.
东亚货币联盟的收益与成本分析   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
本文运用货币区的收益和成本分析法对东亚地区建立货币联盟的可能性进行了探讨。本文首先介绍了加入货币联盟的收益和成本,然后指出传统上在对货币联盟的可行性进行分析时运用国别分析法的不足,在此基础上,本文尝试运用了组别分析法对东亚地区进行分析的结果表明;东亚地区目前整体上不适于建立货币联盟,但是布告个国家(地区)之间建立货币联盟则是可行的。  相似文献   

13.
经国务院批准,财政部、国家税务总局批复张江国家自主创新示范区试行研发费用加计扣除、职工教育经费税前扣除比例提高和股权奖励分期缴纳个人所得税三项先行先试财税政策,期限为3年。期限为3年(2012年1月1日一2014年12月31日)。这表明张江示范区在探索"5+1"先行先试方面中财税政策将取得重大突破。文件规定,在试点期间,张江示范区内经上海科委认定的高新技术企业可  相似文献   

14.
Local government constitutes that part of the public sector that is closest to the inhabitants and is therefore indispensable in its role of promoting their general welfare through, inter alia, undertaking various development initiatives. Furthermore, legislation imposes upon local authorities the obligation to promote the social and economic development of local communities and to participate in implementing national and provincial development programmes. The efficiency and effectiveness with which local government fulfils its developmental role will largely depend on the ability of local authorities to manage development projects. The purpose of this article is to investigate the application of a project management approach as a tool for implementing development programmes in the local government sphere. This is done by means of a comprehensive study of the relevant literature and empirical research based on a research questionnaire that was distributed among selected municipal officials in leadership posts throughout South Africa. The findings of the empirical study are utilised to make specific recommendations with respect to the application of a project management approach to service delivery and local government development initiatives.  相似文献   

15.
The abolition of the Nigerian government-instituted commodity marketing boards (CMBs) in 1986 is considered a positive step in view of the boards' method of market intervention, which is criticised as having brought disincentives to producers of agricultural exports. This study argues that, apart from the intervention activities of the CMBs, the lack of proper agricultural reforms in Nigeria would eventually have been equally unfavourable to the agricultural production. It therefore recommends that the authorities revisit three key policy issues, namely education, capital assistance and land reform, to revive production in the agricultural sector.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract. This paper investigates the use of variance analysis when inputs are assumed to be substitutable. When input prices change after the budget is formulated, cost minimization behavior requires substitution of relatively cheaper input(s) for the more expensive input(s). An explicit incorporation of this substitution effect is necessary to provide proper incentives to production managers. The traditional variance analysis which depends upon “standards” is tantamount to assuming a fixed proportion production technology, even when inputs are substitutable. Thus the traditional variance analysis can yield a misleading and incorrect analysis which in turn can lead to a nonoptimal input combination. The paper provides a general framework for variance analysis which accounts for and, therefore, encourages substitution. Budgets are “flexible” not only with respect to output levels, but also with respect to input prices. The framework explicitly accounts for a new standard based upon realized conditions. To do so, a duality between production and cost functions is exploited so that the optimal input mix is obtained with ease under different price regimes. Four examples of cost functions are offered. They can be regarded as the new flexible standards which depend on both output levels and input prices. Résumé. L'auteur étudie l'utilisation de l'analyse des écarts lorsqu'on suppose que les intrants peuvent être substitués. Lorsque le prix des intrants change une fois le budget établi, le comportement de minimisation des coûts exige que l'on substitue un ou des intrants relativement plus économiques à l'intrant ou aux intrants plus dispendieux. L'incorporation explicite de cet effet de substitution s'impose si l'on veut offrir des stimulants appropriés aux gestionnaires de la production. L'analyse des écarts traditionnelle qui dépend des «normes» équivaut à supposer que la technologie de fabrication prévoit des proportions fixes, même lorsque les intrants peuvent être substitués. L'analyse des écarts traditionnelle peut donc mener à des observations erronées et incorrectes qui, à leur tour, peuvent mener à une combinaison d'intrants qui n'est pas optimale. L'auteur propose un cadre général pour l'analyse des écarts quitient compte de la substitution et, par conséquent, la favorise. Les budgets sont «variables» non seulement en ce qui a trait au niveau des extrants, mais aussi en ce qui a trait au prix des intrants. Le cadre tient compte de façon explicite d'une nouvelle norme fondée sur les conditions réalisées. Pour y parvenir, l'on exploite la dualité entre la production et les fonctions de coût, de sorte que la combinaison optimale d'intrants soit obtenue facilement compte tenu de différents régimes de prix. L'auteur présente quatre exemples de fonctions de coût qui peuvent être considérées comme de nouvelles normes souples dépendant à la fois du niveau des extrants et du prix des intrants.  相似文献   

17.
车文军 《特区经济》2012,(5):296-298
广西县级政府投融资对县域经济发展发挥了重要作用,但由于投融资渠道狭窄、平台治理结构不合理等问题,使县级政府投融资的发展陷入了困境。当前,应从建立债务总量机制、创新项目经营方式,实施归口管理、建立偿债基金,推动融资行为市场化,完善平台治理结构和改善金融生态环境等方面来促进其可持续发展。  相似文献   

18.
Newly available Soviet data reveal that government debt increased to compensate for inefficient use of funds for most of the Soviet period. Given the difficulty in managing fiat money without information and data generated by the market, and the simple Soviet financial structure, the increasing debt suggests that non-performing financial assets accumulated in the household sector, and inefficient real assets built up in the enterprise sector. The empirical analysis using a small time-varying parameter vector autoregression model identified that funds supplied to the economy had contributed at a decreasing rate to economic growth during nearly the entire Soviet period. Funds continued to be used wastefully, non-performing financial assets accumulated, and consequently the value of the ruble was decreasing. In this sense, Soviet monetary management was inefficient. Future research will include efforts to investigate responsiveness of price regulating authorities to changes in monetary and financial situation, to understand monetary management on the republic level, and to quantify the efficiency of use of funds.  相似文献   

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