现货价格和期货价格之间的动态关系:基于上海期货交易所的经验研究

现货与期货价格之间的动态关系一直是监管者和投资者十分关注的问题,因为它直接反映了期货市场的运行效率。本文借助协整检验、误差修正模型、冲出反应分析、方差分解等方法,以上海期货交易所铜、铝、橡胶这三个期货品种为例,研究了期货与现货价格之间的动态关系,定量地刻画出期货市场在价格发现中作用的大小。研究结果显示:这几个品种的期货与现货价格之间存在长期均衡关系,期货与现货价格相互作用、相互影响,互为因果,并且期货市场在价格发现功能中处于主导地位。     

我国黄金市场期货价格与现货价格的实证研究

选取近10年的黄金期货价格数据和现货价格数据进行分析。对两组时间序列数据进行单位根检验、协整性检验以此分析期货和现货之间的关系,并建立误差修正模型分析期货价格对现货价格的影响程度,通过格兰杰因果检验分析两者之间的效应。结果表明,近十年黄金的期货和现货价格之间确实存在协整关系,两者之间相互影响,影响效果显著性不强。期货价格对现货价格的指导作用效果不强,表明我国期货市场的价格发现作用没有完全发挥。     

我国农产品期货价格与现货价格关系分析

文章时豆油和小麦期货与现货产品价格之间的关系进行了检验,发现小麦期货和豆油期货市场都是弱势有效的.小麦的一年期期货价格和一年期现货价格可以互相进行预测.豆油的一年期期货价格和一年期现货价格二者间不存在协整关系.豆油期货距交割前3个月的期货价格和现货价格存在协整关系,而超出这个时间跨度,期货价格与现货价格之间的协整关系不再存在.     

我国焦炭期货价格与现货价格关系的实证分析

利用单位根检验、协整检验、误差修正模型对我国焦炭期货与现货价格的动态关系进行研究。通过对焦炭期货与现货价格之间的动态变化关系进行实证分析,发现期货与现货价格之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,期货市场在价格发现中起到了一定的作用,但现货价格对期货价格变化的长期的弹性远大于短期的弹性。     

我国小麦期货价格发现功能实证分析

为研究我国小麦期货市场价格发现功能,文章利用ADF检验、Iohansen 协整检验、Granger因果检验和VEC模型以及IRF模型等对我国小麦期货价格和现货价格进行了实证研究.结果表明:我国小麦期货价格对现货价格有明显的单向引导关系和长期均衡关系:小麦期货市场对一个标准差信息的冲击的反应水平要高于现货市场:我国小麦期货市场初步具有价格发现功能.     

基于VAR模型大豆期货价格发现功能的实证研究

文章基于VAK模型对大豆的期货市场的价格发现功能进行了ADF单位根检验、Johansen协整检验、Granger因果检验、误差修正模型等实证分析.结果表明:大豆现货价格序列与期货价格序列为非平稳序列;它们之间存在显著的长期均衡关系;二者存在双向的价格引导关系;期货市场的价格发现功能得到了较好的发挥.     

中国玉米期货市场价格发现功能的实证研究

选取2013年1月4日至2014年12月31日中国玉米期货市场价格和现货市场价格时间序列数据,采用格兰杰因果关系检验、误差修正模型和脉冲响应分析等研究了玉米期货市场在价格发现功能中的作用,结论认为：中国玉米期货市场的价格发现功能已经显现,玉米期货价格能够较为有效的引导现货价格,但是玉米期货价格对现货价格的引导即价格发现功能的发挥存在一定的滞后性。     

小麦期货市场价格发现功能及其影响因素分析

文章结合相关文献阐述了期货市场的价格发现功能,并通过利用近期小麦期货和现货价格数据,对小麦期货市场的价格发现功能是否有效进行实证分析,在实证分析中进行了相关性、单位根检验和协整分析,得出我国期货市场的价格发现还有待于进一步完善,最后根据实证结果提出相关建议.     

我国黄金期货与现货价格互动影响实证研究

本文采用2008年1月至2011年9月上海黄金期货价格与上海黄金现货价格数据,利用协整检验、Granger因果检验、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数分析了黄金期货与现货价格的互动关系,结果表明:黄金期货价格与黄金现货价格之间存在长期均衡关系,且二者之间存在双向引导关系,但是现货价格在价格发现中起主导作用。     

我国黄金期货市场有效性的实证分析

黄金因为其兼有货币、商品和金融三大属性的特征历来受到人们的重视。自黄金期货在上海期货交易所上市,填补了我国长期缺乏金融期货的空白。管理层与市场各参与主体对黄金期货给予很高的期望与关注,因此研究上海黄金期货市场的有效性具有重要意义。本文通过运用游程检验、ADF单位根检验、协整检验与计量经济学的方法,对上海期货交易所黄金期货市场的有效性进行了实证分析。结果表明,上海黄金期货市场尚未达到有效,并且黄金现货价格单向引导期货价格,我国黄金期货市场还有待改善。     

基于EMD分解的螺纹钢期货价格发现的实证研究

运用经验模态分解方法(EMD),分别将螺纹钢期货价格和现货价格时间序列分解成若干IMF分量和趋势项。通过对分解后的不同分量进行统计和计量分析发现:①与期货价格与现货价格的相关性相比,相应的趋势项之间具有更高的相关关系;②期货价格的主IMF分量在形态上对现货价格主IMF分量具有引导作用;③IMF中期波动分量和长期波动能够很好的表现出期货价格和现货价格的因果关系。这些结果表明,螺纹钢期货市场已经基本具备了价格发现的功能。     

Dynamic price discovery in Chinese agricultural futures markets

Research has not fully explored how Chinese agricultural futures markets perform their price discovery function over time. Our paper examines the role of Chinese agricultural futures markets in the price discovery process based on three well-established measurements of average price discovery contribution, and more importantly, the dynamic price discovery measurement. Using daily futures and spot prices from fourteen agricultural commodities, we find eleven contracts are efficient in price discovery. Besides, market-oriented changes in policies strengthen the price discovery performance of most futures markets, except for commodities that rely heavily on imports from other countries. Our results also suggest that trading activity is particularly important in determining whether thinly traded contracts are efficient in price discovery. Our paper provides a comprehensive judgment involving both average and dynamic price discovery contribution measurements on assessing the efficiency of Chinese agricultural futures markets. Our results might also serve as a reminder that market-oriented reforms in the spot markets of commodities might be useful to intensify the pricing power of the futures markets.     

我国黄金期货市场价格发现与套期保值功能——基于ARDL-ECM模型

文章收集了2011-2013年的黄金期货和现货价格数据,采用ARDL-ECM模型分析我国黄金期货价格和现货价格之间的长期均衡和短期动态关系。研究表明:我国黄金期货市场具有完美且有效的套期保值功能,但尚不具有价格发现功能,其运行效率有待提高。     

FAIR VALUE PRICING OF AGRICULTURAL FUTURES IN SOUTH AFRICA

In the South African agricultural (specifically grain) markets an interesting phenomenon exists: where futures and options on grain products exist (i.e. white maize, yellow maize, soy beans, wheat, and sunflower seeds) price discovery in the spot (also known as “cash”) markets is poor, whereas price discovery in the futures markets is considered respectable. Consequently, whenever a spot deal is undertaken, this price is “derived” from the relevant futures market. This severely anomalous phenomenon will be evident: futures are generally labeled “derivatives” because their prices are “derived” from their spot markets, whereas here we have a situation where spot prices are derived from their futures price (specifically the price of the near – as opposed to far – future). Because of this unusual phenomenon the mathematics involved is not readily available in the literature; this article is an attempt to briefly outline the phenomenon and to present the relevant mathematics.     

Competition in the electricity industry in England and Wales

When the electricity industry was privatized, the governmentmade structural changes to encourage competition in generationand in supply to consumers. The conventional power stationswere only divided between two companies, however, and we showthat duopolistic competition in an unregulated spot market mightimply undesirably high prices. Most sales are hedged in thecontract market, which makes the spot market more competitive,and a realistic threat of entry could also force generatorsto keep their prices down. In the event, a large amount of entrytook place, supported by the regional electricity companies'franchise monopoly over smaller consumers. That monopoly endsin 1998, so that further entry might become very difficult,while competition between firms already in the generation marketis still limited. Vertical integration between the major generatorsand regional electricity companies might make entry even harder,and should be blocked until the industry is more competitive.     

我国股指期货市场价格发现功能研究——基于上升、下跌和震荡状态下的分析

为了研究我国股指期货市场的价格发现功能,文章按照时变的思路,根据股指期货在不同市场环境下的作用和表现,将市场区别为上升、下跌和震荡三种情况来检验价格发现功能的差异。通过采用VEC模型、PT模型和IS模型进行对比分析,发现在大牛市和熊市时期,股指期货的所起到的作用会很明显,在价格发现中所占比例较大,为50-70%;而在股市平盘震荡时期,股指期货的价格发现能力要弱一些,只占20-30%比例。文中建议要加快发展我国股指期货市场,改善和优化目前的产品结构体系,减少对市场的不必要限制措施,使之成为更加规范和成熟的股指期货市场。     

煤炭价格下降对我国宏观经济的影响

煤炭在我国能源结构中居于主体地位,由于产能过剩和进口煤大量冲击,煤炭价格下降幅度较大。而煤炭价格已经接近完全市场化,电力价格仍然受政府管制,中央财经领导小组已经定调推动能源体制革命,电价市场化将是我国全面深化改革的重要内容,因此研究电价市场化和受政府管控下煤炭价格下降对宏观经济的影响具有重要的意义。论文利用CGE模型研究了两种情境下我国煤炭价格波动对我国宏观经济的影响,对不同的煤炭价格冲击进行情景模拟并进行了分析,结论表明两种情境下煤炭价格波动对宏观经济变量和21个产业影响是不同的,并据此提供一些政策建议。     

The Efficiency of the Chinese Commodity Futures Markets： Development and Empirical Evidence

I. Introduction In the early 1980s China set about transforming its moribund economy by adopting, in stages, various elements of the market-based systems. Among the reforms were thederegulation of prices and the introduction of financial markets for assets. The first stock market was set up in Shanghai in 1991 and in the same year the first commodities market opened in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. Since then, both the stock market and the commodities futures markets have expanded substantiall…     

Rise and Fall of the First Financial Futures Market in China： The Case of Chinese Government Bond Futures

This paper studies the rise and fall of the first financial futures market in China. We compare the characteristics in the Chinese Government bond futures market with those in the US T-bond futures market. They differ in market design and structure, market governance, margin requirements, position limits, delivery process, and the way in which the settlement price is calculated. Furthermore, with a unique dataset, we show that prior to maturities of government bond futures, traders began to accumulate significant amounts of long positions for several selected contracts without the intention to offset, forcing short position holders to either purchase deliverable bonds or offset futures at highly inflated prices, causing higher market volatility and price disequilibrium in both spot and futures markets. Arbitrage opportunity arises and the market eventually collapses. The lessons learned from the suspension of the Chinese Government bond futures market offer an invaluable learning experience.