广西科技人才集聚现状、问题与对策建议

科技人才对促进区域经济、产业、教育等发展具有重要推动作用。作为对接东盟国家的桥头堡，当前广西正处于历史性的发展机遇期，但受科技人才结构及总量制约明显。通过系统梳理广西科技人才集聚现状，分析广西科技人才集聚特点及限制因素。面向“十四五”宏观规划，提出政策制定、产业环境、引才方式、人才保障等方面加速广西科技人才集聚的可行建议，为广西科技人才集聚优化提供对策支持。     

青年科技人才激励问题研究——以中国科学院的实践为例

文章以中国科学院青年科技人才激励为研究对象,根据中科院青年科技人才问卷调查显示的激励现状和存在问题,归纳出青年科技人才作为知识型员工的主要特征,通过借鉴国外科研院所对青年科研人才激励的政策,提出青年科技人才激励的建议。     

上海市引进海外科技人才政策实施情况研究

从“引得进、留得住、用得好”三个维度,并细化为九个指标对上海市引进海外科技人才政策的执行情况和效果进行了考察。经过分析得出综合结论,上海在执行引进海外科技人才政策方面,取得的成绩一是为人才发展营造了较好的政策环境,二是推动了海外人才工作的制度化、规范化;但是还存在着国际人才的集聚度很低、对海外一流人才吸引力不大、人才制度和发展环境与国际一流水平还有一定差距等不足。     

科技人才聚集度与区域经济发展的关系研究——以安徽省为例

人才特别是高素质科技人才是经济社会发展的重要引擎,是国家与区域间相互竞争的焦点。首先综述科技人才及聚集研究现状;其次基于科技人才的流动性和聚集性,参考人口聚集模型,设计科技人才聚集度模型;最后以安徽省16个地市的截面数据为例进行实证分析,测算了科技人才的聚集度,分析了科技人才聚集与经济发展的关系,并提出相关思考和政策建议。研究表明安徽省科技人才集聚度与区域经济发展呈现出显著的正相关线性关系。     

加强高层次创新型科技人才队伍建设 促进抚顺老工业基地全面振兴

抚顺是东北老工业基地,目前正在推进城市转型、＂沈抚同城化＂、两大国家级特色产业化基地和战略性新兴产业的建设与发展,本文初步探讨了当前抚顺市高层次创新型科技人才队伍建设面临的形势、机遇和挑战,对现阶段高层次创新型科技人才的现状与存在的突出问题进行了深入分析,以面向到2020年建设成创新型抚顺为需求导向,以营造良好体制机制和政策环境为主线,突出科技创新,研究并提出了抚顺市高层次创新型科技人才队伍建设的总体思路、基本原则、战略目标和政策措施,为抚顺老工业基地的全面振兴提供人才保障和智力支撑。     

关于我国科技人才队伍建设的有关情况

科技创新的关键在于人才。改革开放以来特别是近年来。从队伍建设、政策制定等各个方面。我国的科技人才队伍建设取得很大发展。实施人才强国战略，推进创新型国家建设，对新时期加强科技人才队伍建设提出了新的要求，科技人才工作力度需要进一步加大。     

20年中国科技人才激励政策研究的知识图谱分析

科技人才是创新的根基,许多学者围绕为鼓励科技人才创新制定的一系列激励政策进行了研究,所以从元分析视角来探讨科技人才激励研究将具有重要意义。本文通过对中国知网（CNKI）1999年—2018年期间发表相关文献的收集和整理,基于文献计量学原理,运用社会网络知识图谱技术对科技人才激励政策研究状况进行了可视化分析,对当前的研究热点进行讨论,研究表明：研究数量整体稳定增长,整体研究分为三个阶段;科技创新是目前研究热点,但研究重点相对比较分散;科技人才培养政策研究往往同人才吸引与流动研究相联结。     

国家宏观经济政策取向与民族地区科技人才政策调整

文章分析了当前国家宏观经济政策取向与科技人才政策调整之间的辩证关系，并针对我国人才流失与人才闲置浪费的现状，强调民族地区科技人才政策必须配合国家宏观经济调控措施作适时调整的思路。这一思路是以科技开发为先导，将实现科技创新同实现就业与再就业的有机结合为取向，最终实现党和政府提出的“推进人才资源整体开发”、“实现人才工作协调发展”的人才强国战略目标。     

南京市科技人才政策研究——基于创新型城市政策文本比较分析

为探究南京科技人才政策存在的问题，运用政策文本分析法，将南京与深圳、杭州、苏州3个城市2007—2022年科技人才政策文本进行比较分析。研究发现：在时间趋势上，南京科技人才政策数量呈现逐年增长态势；在政策工具使用上，南京政策工具使用分布不均衡，供给型政策占主导地位，部分政策因支持力度稍弱或政策欠缺成效不明显。最后，从突出政策差异性、提升政策精准性、优化政策分布均衡性和提升政策成效性4个方面提出优化南京科技人才政策建议。     

欠发达地区科技人才成长机理——基于文献综述

科技人才是欠发达地区的重要战略资源,科技人才的开发与培养是欠发达地区创新发展的重要战略措施。国内外学者一般从欠发达地区、科技人才、人才开发与培养等几个方面进行研究。通过梳理相关政策、研究文献,总结相关经验,从欠发达地区、科技人才、人才开发与培养三个理论角度进行了研究总结,并提出当前研究中存在的主要问题与未来研究方向,对于欠发达地区建立科技人才管理机制具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。     

Modeling and predicting the development of the CES of Russia,Belarus, Kazakhstan,and Ukraine

The paper describes new approaches to the prediction of integration processes in the post-Soviet space and to the macroeconomic evaluation of the integration effect with the use of a cross-country model of structural interactions.     

Coercion, compliance, and the collapse of the Soviet command economy

Are command systems that rest on coercion inherently unstable, and did the Soviet economy collapse for this reason? Until it collapsed, the Soviet economy did not appear unstable. Why, then, did it collapse? A game between a dictator and a producer shows that a high level of coercion may yield a stable high–output equilibrium, that stability may rest in part on the dictator's reputation, and that a collapse may be brought about by adverse trends in the dictator's costs and a loss of reputation. The facts of the Soviet case are consistent with a collapse that was triggered by the strike movement of 1989.     

Health,height, and the household at the turn of the twentieth century

This article examines the health and height of men born in England and Wales in the 1890s who enlisted in the army at the time of the First World War, using a sample of recruits from the army service records. These are linked to their childhood circumstances as observed in the 1901 census. Econometric results indicate that height on enlistment was positively related to socio‐economic class, and negatively to the number of children in the household in 1901 and the proportion of household members who were earners, as well as to the degree of crowding. Adding the characteristics of the locality has little effect on the household‐level effects. However local conditions were important; in particular the industrial character of the district, local housing conditions, and the female illiteracy rate. These are interpreted as representing the negative effect on height of the local disease environment. The results suggest that changing conditions at both household and locality levels contributed to the increase in height and health in the following decades.     

Experience,Tenure, and the Perceptions of Employers

This paper examines how group-based assessments concerning employee ability impact employee compensation. The employer learns about worker ability through Bayesian updating, creating an additional channel for wage growth that is not available to those workers with only general labor market experience. Consistent with the model's predictions, results from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) indicate that black workers fare much better relative to white workers in returns to tenure than in returns to experience. Finally, parameter estimates in the structural model suggest that employers initially undervalue black males but that their wages rise with learning by employers over time.     

Safeguards, China, and the Price of Steel

The economic health of the US steel industry has fluctuated enormously over the last ten years. The implementation of steel safeguard tariffs in 2002 brought intense scrutiny by academics and industry observers, but little empirical work has focused on the factors that led to the industry’s dramatic reversal of fortune in the period that followed. We use a panel data set of product-level monthly price observations between 1997 and March 2005 to test the importance of the safeguards compared to other possible determinants. We find little evidence that the safeguards affected steel prices in the United States. Instead, results indicate that declining production capacity, improved macroeconomic conditions, and a falling dollar helped return prices to healthier levels. Finally, China’s demand for imported steel, which has not been included in previous empirical studies on the US steel industry, also appears to impact prices, but only after a lag of more than six months. JEL no. F13     

Regulation, competition, and the structure of prices

Many competition policy issues in regulated industries concernthe structure of prices charged by multi-product firms - forexample price discrimination, non-linear pricing, cross-subsidies,and network access pricing. This article first sets out the(Ramsey) principles of optimal pricing to recover fixed costs.The sometimes conflicting aims of promoting competition andpursuing social objectives are brought into the analysis. Questionsof whether to allow pricing structure discretion to the firm,and how much, are considered next. With asymmetric information,some discretion is often desirable, but its optimal form ishard to characterize. The article then turns to the controversialnetwork access pricing problem - on what terms should an integrateddominant firm be required to supply inputs required by its rivals?Finally, there is discussion of pricing structure regulationin the transition from more to less regulation, which, it isto be hoped, is in prospect in parts of the regulated industriesas effective competition develops.     

Estimating the determinants of supply of computing, problem-solving, communication, social, and teamworking skills

We investigate the sources of supply of several core skills,using an innovative approach to skills measurement that involvesadapting a job analysis methodology and applying it in a surveycontext. We then estimate the determinants of skills supplyusing a production function model. The main findings are: (i)prior education and work experience have generally positivebut diminishing marginal impacts on skills, consistent withthe earnings function literature; (ii) off-the-job trainingis productive of most types of skill, while on-the-job trainingis effective for the generation of problem-solving and team-workingskills. Both types of training are transferable from previousemployers; (iii) more education enhances the development ofcomputing skills at work, but with respect to other core skills,less educated workers make up for their lower education throughmore work-based learning; (iv) there is a strong associationbetween the presence of some new or flexible organisation characteristicsand both the level and growth of all types of skills. We argueoverall that the contribution of work-based learning to skillsdevelopment is more important than normally allowed for in theskills policy discourse.     

亲山亲水亲民

打造内陆最开放的城市,重庆拥有"两江四岸"等独特资源.2008年市政府工作报告提出,今后重庆的发展要打好山水牌,整体推进长江、嘉陵江"两江四岸"城市规划建设,实施渝中半岛城市形象设计方案,打造亲水近水、观山览水的独特风貌和宜居环境.