共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Peer Effects and Cigarette Use Among College Students 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeffrey Wilson 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(2):233-247
This study adds to the collegiate substance use literature by measuring the magnitude of peer effects upon individual cigarette
use. The study employs data from the 2001 Harvard School of Health College Alcohol Survey to construct this peer effect measure
and to study the effect of other variables upon a university student’s decision to smoke. The main finding of this paper is
that moving a student from a university where no students smoke to an institution where 25 percent of the population smokes
increases that student’s probability of smoking by 10.71 percent. The results of this paper suggest the potential for universities
to institute student-led, anti-smoking organizations.
相似文献
Jeffrey WilsonEmail: |
2.
Zoran Balac 《Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics》2008,11(1):1-17
Austrian monetary inflation theory claims that changes in the money supply are disproportionately distributed throughout an
economy, and as a result wealth is coercively redistributed. This study proposes and tests a model illustrating this connection
by examining monetary inflation’s effect on wealth inequality. After testing the model’s validity, this study compares monetary
inflation’s effect on several measures of wealth inequality, concluding that not only is monetary inflation a significant
variable, but its effect on wealth inequality is more pronounced at the extremities of the distribution.
相似文献
Zoran BalacEmail: |
3.
Kyoji Fukao Kiyohiko G. Nishimura Qing-Yuan Sui Masayo Tomiyama 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2005,2(4):337-362
We construct an index measure that quantitatively describes the monitoring activities of Japanese banks. Using micro data
on Japanese banks and borrower firms, we examine the effects of bank monitoring on the profitability of borrower firms. We
find significant positive effects in the periods 1986–1991 and 1992–1996, although there is no significant effect in the period
1981–1985. We also examine how banks’ monitoring affects borrowers. The results show that the positive effects of banks’ monitoring on borrowers’ profitability
are mostly caused by screening effects, not performance-improving effects.
相似文献
Masayo TomiyamaEmail: |
4.
The existing literature on welfare effects on marriage and fertility has largely focused on groups of white and black women.
By contrast, Hispanic women have received little attention. This paper examines the effects of welfare generosity on a sample
of young Hispanic women’s premarital fertility and marriage choices. A bivariate competing risks duration model framework
allows us to identify the process of young women’s premarital fertility and the process of marriage, effectively controlling
for observed characteristics and unobservables. Our findings indicate a 10% increase in welfare generosity results in a 10%
increase in premarital births and a 7% decrease in marriages by age 24; both effects are significant.
相似文献
Shiferaw Gurmu (Corresponding author)Email: |
5.
We study the impact of Japanese foreign exchange intervention on the volatility of the yen/dollar exchange rate since the
early 1990’s in a GARCH framework with interventions as exogenous variables. Using daily intervention data provided by the
Japanese Ministry of Finance, we show that the effect of interventions varies over time. From 1991 up to the late 1990’s,
Japanese foreign exchange intervention is associated with an increase in volatility of the yen/dollar exchange rate. After
the year 1997, Japanese foreign exchange intervention correlates with reductions in exchange rate volatility. This can be
explained by the fact that Japanese foreign exchange intervention remained quasi unsterilized in the liquidity trap.
相似文献
Gunther SchnablEmail: |
6.
The Barcelona Initiative is the central element of the EU’s Mediterranean policy. We study the implementation of this policy
with respect to Syria using a dynamic general equilibrium model with credit constraints and capital market imperfections.
Dismantling formal tariffs has only limited effects on the Syrian economy, while reducing non-tariff barriers produces by
far larger results. EU association promises broadly positive effects for factor incomes and sectoral outputs, with some temporarily
negative effects in agricultural sectors. Nevertheless, we find evidence of severe trade distorting effects making preferential
trade policy clearly welfare inferior to multilateral trade liberalization within the WTO framework.
相似文献
Bernd LuckeEmail: |
7.
This paper assesses China’s “natural” place in the world economy with a new set of trade integration indicators, which are
used as a benchmark in order to examine whether China’s share in international trade is consistent with fundamentals such
as economic size, location and other relevant factors. They constitute a better measure of trade integration that incorporates
many more factors than traditional openness ratios. The model tracks international trade well and confirms that China is already
well integrated in world markets, particularly with North America, several Latin American and East Asian emerging markets
and most euro area countries.
相似文献
Matthieu BussièreEmail: |
8.
International Risk Sharing and Government Moral Hazard 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wolf Wagner 《Open Economies Review》2007,18(5):577-598
This paper analyzes incentive problems caused by international risk sharing. They arise because international risk sharing
contributes to the insurance of domestic consumption and thus lowers governments’ incentives to increase output. We show that
the resulting distortions can lead to substantial efficiency losses. Complete risk sharing is, therefore, undesirable and
the optimal degree of risk sharing may be low. Furthermore, we show that households’ risk sharing decisions are socially inefficient
and are effectively maximizing government moral hazard. As a result, financial innovation and integration may reduce welfare
by increasing households’ risk sharing opportunities.
相似文献
Wolf WagnerEmail: |
9.
We examine the relation between a firm’s campaign contributions and lobbying expenditures and its Tobin’s q. We follow other studies that use q to measure the value of the firm’s intangible capital (e.g., the value of advertising, R&D, or environmental performance).
Researchers have found a positive and significant relation between intangible assets and q. If political capital exists, it is an intangible asset. However, we find little relation between q and political contributions, suggesting that campaign contributions may not have long term effects on political markets.
This is consistent with the view that contributions are done by firms as a response to a short term opportunity not as a way
of building long-term political capital.
相似文献
Christopher PopeEmail: |
10.
This paper investigates whether small countries gain relatively more than large countries from an ‘expansion’ of their market
through the creation of a single currency. The introduction of the euro offers a particularly valuable source to test this
hypothesis, which we motivate using the theoretical model by Casella of the year 1996. Our results from a panel data analysis,
using both aggregate and disaggregated trade data, point to a statistically significant but quantitatively moderate small
country bonus. On average, the euro has led to an improvement of the small euro area’s relative export performance by 3–9%.
相似文献
Harald BadingerEmail: |
11.
Impact of the ability and the degree of openness of a manager on decision making is studied. Whether a more able manager increases
or decreases the effort of a subordinate depends on the relative quality of information. Greater openness is a two-edged sword:
it increases the likelihood that more information will be employed, but it reduces the manager’s incentive to expend effort
on obtaining better information. A more open manager is more desirable when the position is relatively more important or the
prior information is not very accurate.
相似文献
Haiwen ZhouEmail: |
12.
A present-value model of less developed countries’ (LDC) debt is developed to understand the factors that affect the discount
on the secondary market. LDC debt trades at a substantial discount on the secondary market. This paper investigates the determinants
of the discount for a sample of 13 countries over a 9 year period. The findings show that debt–exports, foreign currency reserves–imports
and total debt service to exports ratios are significant determinants of the secondary market prices of LDC debt. The discount
is higher in countries where debt–exports ratios are higher and is lower for those with lower foreign currency reserves–imports
ratios. Concentration of debt with money center banks has a positive and significant effect on the secondary market price
of debt.
相似文献
Ayla OgusEmail: |
13.
Disability Insurance Denial Rates and the Labor Force Participation of Older Men and Women in Canada
We examine the effect of denial rates from the Canada/Quebec Pension Plan (C/QPP) disability program on the labor force participation
of older men and women in Canada. Our study uses data from a period in which there was a change in CPP disability adjudication
requirements, which also varied by province, but no change in the QPP disability program requirements. This created variation
in the CPP disability program’s denial rates. The estimates from our preferred specifications indicate that denial rates do
not have the expected statistically significant negative effect on the participation decisions of older men or women. These
findings may be the result of a change in the applicant pool for disability benefits.
相似文献
Michele CampolietiEmail: |
14.
In a recent article Robert P. Murphy (2006) uses Cantor’s diagonal argument to prove that market socialism could not function,
since it would be impossible for the Central Planning Board to complete a list containing all conceivable goods (or prices
for them). In the present paper we argue that Murphy is not only wrong in claiming that the number of goods included in the
list should be uncountable, but also that the number of equations/prices is irrelevant from the point of view of market socialism.
相似文献
Juliusz JabłeckiEmail: |
15.
This paper provides evidence for an aspect of trade often disregarded in international trade research: countries’ sectoral
export diversification. The results of our semiparametric empirical analysis show that, on average, countries do not specialize;
on the contrary, they diversify. Our results are robust for different statistical indices used to measure trade specialization,
for the level of sectoral aggregation, and for the level of smoothing in the nonparametric term associated with per capita
income. Using a generalized additive model (GAM) with country-specific fixed effects it can be shown that, controlling for
countries’ heterogeneity, sectoral export diversification increases with income.
相似文献
Massimo Tamberi (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
Marcel Mérette Evangelia Papadaki Jorge Hernandez Yu Lan 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2008,36(2):195-209
In this paper, we develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to shed quantitative light on the implications of a
scenario of deeper economic integration between Canada and the United States, where the barriers for foreign direct investment
are preferentially eliminated. Our model distinguishes between the activities of domestic and foreign-owned firms at the microeconomic
level, both in terms of demand and production characteristics. Overall our findings suggest that further investment liberalization
between the two countries will accelerate the shaping of Canada’s industrial structure, as manifested by recent trends.
相似文献
Yu LanEmail: |
17.
Within a two-sector-two-country model of trade with aggregate scale economies and unionisation, a more generous welfare state
in one country increases welfare in that country and can have positive spillover effects on the other. Furthermore, synchronised
expansions of social security are more welfare enhancing than unilateral ones. Our results counter the fears that a race to
the bottom in social standards may result from the ‘shrinking-tax-base’ entailed by international capital mobility. While
affecting trade patterns and income distribution, capital mobility interacts with welfare state policies in increasing welfare,
even when capital flows out of the country that initiates the shock.
相似文献
Catia MontagnaEmail: |
18.
Do Patent Protection and Technology Transfer Facilitate R&D in Developed and Emerging Countries? A Semiparametric Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines if patent protection and technology transfer facilitate R&D in a sample that includes both developed and
emerging countries. A semiparametric model is used to estimate the relevant parameters using country level data from 21 countries,
of which six are emerging, for the period 1981–1997. The results suggest thresholds in patent protection and technology transfer:
patent protection has a positive effect which weakens at high levels of protection, and FDI has a positive effect only if
the country depends heavily on FDI.
相似文献
Debasri MukherjeeEmail: |
19.
This paper examines the macroeconomic costs and benefits of adopting a common currency for 13 Middle Eastern countries. Economic
theory suggests that the main benefit is enhanced price stability, while the main cost is higher business-cycle volatility
if the member country’s output is not sufficiently correlated with the area’s, as a whole. Using data from 1980–2005, the
paper finds that the estimated cost and benefit measures exhibit substantial variability across the countries and are sometimes
positively correlated. Moreover, focusing on the results for the last decade, it seems that many Middle Eastern countries
(such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria and United Arab Emirates) have achieved remarkable convergence
both in business-cycle synchronization and inflation outcomes.
相似文献
Georgios KarrasEmail: |
20.
African Americans and U.S. Politics: The Gradual Progress of Black Women in Political Representation
This paper argues that since the 1960s, African Americans have substantially increased their political participation in the
U.S. political system. It claims that Blacks in the U.S. have built a strong political foundation and that their influence
in the country’s political system has grown within the past four decades. The paper highlights, however, that more Black women
tend to be active participants in the electoral process than Black men and that there is the potential for Black women to
equal or surpass Black men in the number of elected officials within their race in the years and decades to come.
相似文献
Amadu Jacky KabaEmail: |