我国的工业化与农村人口流动

王业化是农村人口流动的根本原因，工业化决定农村人口流动的特点、速度、规模。因此我们应该从工业化进程的角度认识我国的农村人口流动．认识政府在各个时期制定的农村人口流动政策及婪变动．我国建国以来的农村人口流动与工业化进程基本上是相适应的。我国已进入工业化中期阶段，可以预见今后一个时期．农村人口流动的规模会更大．速度会更快．政府应当翱定与之相适应构政策，以促使其健康发展。     

日本旅游的法规体系

日本是经济发达的资本主义国家，也是法制完备与健全的国家，政府在指导旅游业发展的过程中，不仅不断地制定了政策与实现 这些政策目标的计划和方案，而且还适时地制定了相关的法律与法规，以保证国家关于旅游业发展大政方针的实施，并使其在相当长的时期内得到健康，稳定的发展。     

建国以来我国的人口政策与家庭变革

作为占有世界五分之一人口的国家，中国人口的发展不仅关平民族国家的命运，也极大影响着全人类的前途。建国以来中国人口政策的实施，不仅宏观上在全国范围内减少了4亿多人，延缓了中国人口增长的速度，而且在微观上引发了一场家庭革命，对我国传统家庭的各个层面引发了挑战。人口政策的实施，使得我国家庭呈家庭规模小型化、家庭结构核心化、家庭功能多元化、社会关系简单化等趋势，因此，在对我国现行人口政策进行调整时，应更多地重视其对家庭结构与功能的影响。     

促进经济增长的财政政策探析

当前，我国正面临着经济增长方式由粗放型、速度型向集约型、效益型的转变。要顺利地实现这一转变，需要政府从国际竞争及国家经济发展的长远利益出发，适时地制定有关宏观经济政策，推动经济增长方式由外延型向内涵型转变。在政府所制定的宏观经济政策中，财政与税收政策的地位和作用正在日益提高和扩大，并对国家经济增长的制约和影响也越来越大。     

技术创新的演化特征与有效技术创新政策的制定及实施

技术创新是一个以企业为主体的动态演化过程，其内在系统性特征要求建立一个完善的国家创新体系以从整体上推进技术创新。在此过程中，技术创新政策的作用至关重要。本文的分析表明：政府突破其自身知识根限的努力是制定有效技术创新政策的前提；同时，对政策制定与实施机制的科学设计也将对最终的政策效果产生决定性的影响。     

农户宅基地改革补偿满意度影响因素研究

农户宅基地改革补偿政策的实施效果很大程度上取决于农户对该政策的满意程度。从农户视角分析其对宅基地补偿政策的满意度及影响因素，对于政府宅基地补偿政策的制定与实施具有重要意义。基于江西省807份农户调查问卷，运用有序Logistic回归模型对影响农户宅基地补偿政策满意度主要因素进行分析，发现收入、人口、基础设施等一系列因素对农户满意度会带来正向或负向影响。其中，农户对基础设施、生活水平、生态环境的成本效益分析、乡政府行为满意度以及村集体决策透明度对于宅基地改革补偿政策满意度具有较强影响力。     

“盘活财政资金”对商业银行影响几何

从商业银行角度看，财政部门负责国家预算的制定和执行，是国库资金的调度和监管部门，具体管理财政资金的收缴和拨付，在国家政治、经济的发展中占据举足轻重的地位。同时，其业务派生性能力强，涉及面广，几乎覆盖了社会的各个行业和客户群体，对商业银行的资产、负债、中间业务发展具有重要地推动作用。因此，财政部门的每一次政策改革都备受商业银行高度关注，改革可能会对商业银行的经营行为产生重大影响，比如早前的国库集中支付、政府非税收入收缴等政策改革，以及去年的盘活财政存量资金。     

浙江物流业发展的政策取向与对外合作重点

物流业作为国民经济的动脉，其发展水平已成为衡量一个国家和地区综合竞争力的重要标志。各级政府近几年制定了一系列与物流发展相关的政策措施，物流业发展的政策环境已有明显改善。     

美国的利益集团与对外政策

美国利益集团是其政府制定对外政策时不容忽视的国内因素之一，它对美国现实政治和政府的对外政策都有重要影响。甚至有人说，“对各种问题的决策是由政府、政党和利益集团共同做出的。”本文试图从对美国外交政策施加影响的几种主要利益集团，利益集团对美国对外政策的作用两方面来探讨利益集团在美国对外政策中的地位与影响。     

用科学发展观构筑人事人才政策体系

人事人才政策是一个国家和地区在一定的时期，为实现其经济和社会发展目标，对人力资源和人力资本进行科学合理的开发、利用、配置而制定的方针、措施和规则体系。切实有效的人事人才政策能快速提升人才创新能力，优化人才生态环境，提高人口综合素质，进而提高社会生产力和综合国力。     

开放二孩政策对于我国社会发展的意义研究

开放二孩政策是我国新时期背景下施行的宽松性生育政策,在计划生育基本国策的前提下放宽生育政策,追求人口长期均衡发展。本文简要论述了中华人民共和国成立以来的生育政策演变以及政策调整的背景;之后提出我国现阶段人口发展存在的问题、开放二孩政策对实现人口长期均衡发展的意义;最后指出施行开放二孩政策要因地制宜灵活变通,并不能一劳永逸地解决我国人口问题。随着社会发展生育政策也会进行调整,最终服务于社会。     

国家重点生态功能区人口政策适应性探究

重点生态功能区的保护和发展对国土空间生态安全格局和国家长远发展具有重要意义。引入了公共政策适应性理论分析该功能区人口政策的适应性。结果表明,宽松的生育政策、二元的户籍政策不利于人口总量控制和人口迁移;差别化的社保政策、基于人口数量的农村补偿政策不利于人口迁移,普适性的教育政策未凸显发展新要求;政出多门、公众参与渠道缺失、绩效考核机制滞后等也起着阻碍作用。倡导更新人口政策体系及相关实施机制。     

Demography and development

The changing perceptions among demographers concerning their roles as social and policy scientists are discussed in order to show their involvement in development efforts in developing countries. Although demographers regard development as a concept that has not as yet been adequately defined, the current view is that the variables, development and population, are inseparable, and that the explanation of trends for one of these cannot be sought in isolation from the other. The article concludes that demographers in South Africa regard development as the predictor variable in demographic trends. They are also of the opinion that the course of demographic trends will in future have an important influence on development trends.     

Regaining China's Resource Reallocative Efficiency to Boost Growth

The structural changes that the Chinese economy has been experiencing since its working-age population began to decline pose challenges for its further growth. First, as it loses its comparative advantage in labor-intensive activities, the share of manufacturing in its GDP has shrunk. Second, unproductive enterprises that are reluctant to exit the market tend to seek policy protection, which leads to the immobility of resource allocation. Third, the reallocation of the labor force from the highly productive manufacturing sector to the low-productivity service sector leads to the degradation of resource allocation. The inadequate exploitation of the potential of resource reallocation implies that the decline in manufacturing is premature. It is therefore important to combine market competition policy, industrial policy, and social protection policy to stabilize the development of manufacturing.     

The First World War and the origins of the dual policy of development in Kenya 1914–1922

This article examines the impact of the First World War and its aftermath on decisions relating to the economic development of Kenya. The rather incoherent and inconsistent pre-war policy towards development was transformed by the coming of the war into a concentrated and exclusive concern for the future of European settler agriculture. The labour and taxation aspects of post-war policy in Kenya aroused much opposition. The Colonial Office in the face of challenges from the settlers, the Indian population and from rioting Africans and of a financial crisis in Kenya declared itself in favour of a dual policy of development.     

人口结构、社会保障对广东省居民储蓄水平的影响

人口结构、社会保障关系到人们的储蓄与消费问题,本文将两者结合起来分析其对居民储蓄的影响,并运用广东省1990～2010年的数据对社会保障支出水平、老人赡养比、儿童抚养比与广东省居民储蓄进行验证。通过协整与误差修正模型研究发现:社会保障水平无论是在短期还是在长期都会对居民的储蓄水平产生影响,人口结构也是影响居民储蓄的一大因素,并在此基础上给出相应的建议。     

The Demography of Indonesia in Comparative Perspective

Having reduced its fertility rate over the past 40 years, Indonesia has reached a new demographic crossroad. Its fertility rate is now around 2.5 births per woman, which, if sustained, would add substantial numbers to Indonesia's population in the future. There are concerns within Indonesia that the present level of population growth is an obstacle to continued economic development and, accordingly, that fertility should be reduced to the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman as soon as possible. Yet a comparative perspective indicates that countries such as Singapore, Japan, and Thailand are concerned about the effects that their very low rates of fertility are having on their labour forces and their rates of population ageing. This article suggests that with the right policy settings Indonesia can avoid this outcome yet continue to reduce its fertility. It discusses the implications of Indonesia's population growth and distribution for its economy, as well as the poor quality of demographic data.     

The Population Challenge in Africa and the Prospects for the African Development Bank's Intervention

Abstract: The paper advocates that unchecked population growth may lead to serious social and economic burdens in developing countries in general, and particularly in Africa. This position does not stem from the neo-Malthusian perspective according to which population is mainly responsible for economic stagnation, nor does it derives from the «developmentalist» approach which perceives population as a neutral variable and development as the «best contraceptive». The theoretical stand advocated here is that population and development are intimately linked and strongly influence each other. Therefore, an attempt to foster economic growth and hopefully improve the standard of living of the people without taking into consideration the population factor would be as illusory as an attempt to control population without involving economic variables. Based on this epistemological perspective, prospects for the ADB's intervention in population sector have been assessed and suggestions for its sector policy made. Résumé: Le document preconise que la croissance demographique non maitrisee peut imposer de lourdes contraintes sociales et economiques sur les pays en voie de developpement en general et l'Afrique en particulier. Cette attitude ne resulte pas de la perspective neo-malthusienne selon laquelle la population est principalement responsable de la stagnation economique, ni de l'approche « developpementaliste » qui percoit la population comme une variable neutre et developpement comme le « meilleur contraceptif ». Le point de vue theorique exprime ici est que population et developpement sont intimement lies et exercent une grande influence l'une sur l'autre. En consequence, une action visant a promouvoir la croissance economique et ameliorer, peut-Ctre, le niveau de vie des populations sans tenir compte du facteur demographique serait aussi illusoire qu'une action visant la regulation de la population sans prendre en consideration les variables economiques. Sur la base de cette perspective epistemologique, les perspectives pour l'intervention de la BAD dans le secteur de la population ont ete evaluees et des recommandations faites pour sa politique sectorielle.     

Overpopulation and unemployment in Zimbabwe

The size of Zimbabwe's African population has grown dramatically over the past 50 years, with 5.7 children on average being born per woman. The following factors are responsible for the rapid population growth in Zimbabwe: the country's economic prosperity during the period of the Central African Federation from 1953 to 1963, and its successful food policy before and after independence; the success of the health system, also in both periods; and the fact that women have not been incorporated into the economy as wage-earners. A brief historical overview is presented, followed by sections on the food policy and health system, reasons for the persistence of large families, and the relationship between wage-earning by women and the birth rate. The author also describes some of the problems caused by overpopulation. Engaging more women in regular wage-earning employment is the key to controlling the birth rate in Zimbabwe. Current government policies encouraging female employment in government services and the economy in general, along with the expansion of contraceptive services, could influence female fertility over the long term.     

财政、货币和汇率政策对经常账户的影响——以中美两国为例

本文从理论和实证的角度论证了财政、货币和汇率政策对中美两国经常账户的影响。理论模型推导出汇率和货币政策相较于财政政策对经常账户的影响更大,而实证分析得出汇率政策相较于其他政策对我国经常账户的影响更大,货币政策相较于其他政策对美国经常账户的影响更大,财政政策相较于汇率政策的影响力较大。所以,不能简单地套用传统的内外均衡调节方法,而应该根据各国的具体国情来灵活选择不同的调节政策。