集体所有制企业产权改造与制度创新

集体所有制企业产权改造与制度创新程国彬集体所有制企业是以劳动群众集体所有制为基础的独立商品经济组织。集体所有制企业既是我国公有制经济的基本组成部分，也是重要的市场经济主体之一。集体所有制企业由于历史上的原因，在市场经济条件下，表现出制度落后，素质低下...     

关于构建新型农民集体所有土地制度和土地使用制度的设想——学习《中华人民共和国物权法》的思考

一、我国基本国情需要对农村土地坚持和完善农民集体所有土地制度改革开放以来，在实行以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，坚持社会主义市场经济体制改革的背景下，农村（包括城市郊区，下同）土地的农民集体所有土地制度受到质疑：有的提出取消集体所有制，实行农村土地国有化；有的提出取消集体所有制，实行农村土地私有化；     

积极发展城镇集体（合作）经济是一项长期任务——纪念《条例》颁布10周年

积极发展城镇集体所有制经济，是我国经济发展的一项长期任务。《中华人民共和国宪法》有过多次修改，但一直保留着集体所有制经济是我国社会主义公有制经济重要组成部分的条文；1991年，国务院还专门颁布了《中华人民共和国城镇集体所有制企业条例》（以下简称《条例》）；党的十五大文献中也以较大的篇幅论述了发展集体所有制经济的重要性和方针；新世纪开始执行的已经全国人大通过的“十五”计划纳要中，也明确提出“发挥国有经济在国民经济中的主导作用，发展多种形式的集体经济，支持、鼓励和引导私营、个体企业健康发展。”既然如此，笔者为什么又要提出这个问题呢，道理很简单，因为在现实生活中，不少人并没有充分认识城镇集体所有制经济在保证公有制主体地位、促进国民经济稳定发展、广泛吸收社会分散资金、增加国家积累和税收、安置城镇劳动力就业、进而维护社会稳定等方面发挥的重要作用；有些地方和部门并没有把党和国家有关集体所有制经济的政策，包括《条例》落到实处；有些人在强调发展高新技术产业时，忽略了大力发展劳动密集型产业的绝对重要性；在我国从计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变的过程中，有些人没有认识到坚持公有制主体地位是社会主义市场经济的基本标志，主张集体经济要从一般竞争领域退出来，正由于此，对现有的集体所有制经济产生了很大的负面影响，一半以上的集体企业走向萎缩，挣扎在生存线上。在这种情况下，笔者认为重新提出“积极发展城镇合作制经济是我国经济发展的一项长期任务”，是十分必要的。     

新型集体经济与科学的战略决策

本文总结广州市集体所有制企业10多年来进行产权制度改革等方面取得的成就及其主要经验，并根据形势发展的要求和市场经济发展规律，提出必须审时度势地落实科学发展观，制定和实施新的发展战略，迎接新的挑战。     

农村土地制度法制建设的路径选择

实现农村土地公有制从计划经济体制下的传统土地集体所有制向市场经济条件下的现代土地集体所有制转变是我国农村土地制度法制建设的总体目标。为了完成这一目标,必须丰富渐进主义内涵,凸显农村土地集体所有制的本质规定性,以法律为主导推进农村土地制度改革,效率优先配置土地资源,坚持个体权利本位原则,土地物权制度走借鉴和创新相结合的路子。     

上海市集体经济研究会召开厂办大集体企业改革工作座谈会

20世纪70至80年代期间，为安置回城知青和国有企业职工子女就业，许多困有企业扶持兴办了一大批集体所有制企业（简称厂办大集体）。在市场经济条件下，这些厂办大集体企业如何走好改革之路，是大家关注的问题。最近，上海市集体经济研究会在宝钢集团企业开发总公司会议室召开厂办大集体企业改革工作座谈会。     

股份制改造走出企业创新增效之路

深圳市建筑工程股份有限公司是一个成立于20世纪50年代初期的集体所有制施工企业。当传统集体所有制企业面临日趋激烈的市场竞争、企业经营运作模式越来越难适应市场经济要求的情况下，公司抓住机遇，进行了体制和经营机制的创新，使企业显现出前所未有的活力，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

农村土地集体所有制的理论实践和改革取向

文章通过对马克思恩格斯经典理论和农村土地集体所有制实践过程的分析,认识到农村土地集体所有制理应是以土地为基础的、可逆的股份制,而我国现行农村土地集体所有制的实质是农村社区共有制,其主要目的是建立与加速工业化进程相配套的农村经济制度:我国农村改革补充完善了农村生产力的发展基础,为农村土地集体所有制的股份制改革创造了必要的条件.由此,农村土地集体所有制的改革取向首先是进行股份制改革,其次是退回到个体所有制.     

对广东价格改革的思考

对广东价格改革的思考文蒋善利一、对广东价格改革中几个问题的认识有的人认为，价格改革就是放开价格，放开价格就是市场经济，市场经济就是不管价格；有的人认为，市场经济条件下加强价格管理和调控，就是走回头路；有的人认为，价格放得差不多了，价格改革任务已经完成...     

产权置换:农村第二步改革的突破口──朔州市深化农村改革的实践与思考

党的十一届三中全会后，作为农村第一步改革的突破口，以家庭联产承包责任制为主的农村改革，充分调动了农民的生产积极性，大大地促进了农村生产力的发。展但随着社会主义市场经济的建立，以集体所有制形式创力、的乡镇企业＼社会福利事业以及改善农业生产条件的农田水利设施及大中型农、林、牧等企业，很难适应受市场经济规律调节的竞争机制，暴露出诸多弊端：弊端之一：短期行为严重，集体资产大量流失。目前，农村集体资产多数实行承包经营，集体资产人人都有管护的权利，但并不是人人都去管而一些经营者由于承包期有限，只重利益，同样…     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

中俄经济技术合作面临新机遇

中俄在十年内把各自的GDP翻一番的目标,为发展中俄经济技术合作提供了机遇.仅仅依靠商品贸易的增长很难大幅度提升中俄经贸关系,需要全面开展经济技术合作,特别是加强在自然资源开发、跨国投资、军工技术和产品贸易领域的合作.     

INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY IN INDONESIA, 1965–2015: A SURVEY

This survey, first, provides an overview of the main developments in the infrastructure sector in Indonesia during the past five decades and, second, considers what the main policy and management bottlenecks in infrastructure appear to be. The overview of main developments indicates that, in broad terms, most parts of the sector have expanded considerably but that the needs remain acute for further expansion and for attention to the maintenance of existing facilities. Demand for infrastructure is high, especially since the regulated prices set for infrastructure services are often low. Access is often difficult, however, because of shortages of infrastructure, and quality is often unsatisfactory because of poor maintenance and indifferent management. These problems of access are exacerbated by the regulation of prices. This overview also points to the markedly different performances of industries in which pro-competitive policies have been applied and those in which more traditional policies of close regulation have restricted the operation of markets.     

Integrated educational management for the universities

The research model investigates the integrated form of educational management for the universities. To enhance the operations, generate quality outcomes for the well-being of the society, this exploratory study depicts the two wings for the universities in four aspects including education development, education assessment, research development and research assessment. For the better understanding of education and research wings of the universities, the researchers identify different factors namely programs establishments, university culture, faculty capabilities and facilities those have been formularized by the structural equation modeling （SEM） through AMOS. The survey questionnaire was developed and analyzed the reliability and validity of the tools. The conceptual model for the universities provides a novel approach for decision makers to review and appraise their performance toward fulfillment of ultimate goals, i.e. producing high-caliber graduates and high-impact research outcomes for the betterment of the society. This research represents two contributions to the society including human resource contribution and research contribution.     

基于DEA方法的我国证券公司效率的实证分析

选取了具有一定代表性的证券公司为样本,根据2006年至2008年的财务数据,运用DEA的C2R模型和BC2模型来分析计算他们的技术效率、纯技术效率、以及规模效率。然后通过对不同证券公司的分析,揭示我国证券公司整体上的现状。