农业剩余劳动力转移的再配置效应分析

本文利用相关数据,运用Syrquin 的方法分解总量生产率和总量生产函数分解TFP,测算了江苏省1978-2008年问农业剩余劳动力转移对总量生产率和经济增长的贡献..研究发现:在此期间,农业劳动力转移对总量生产率的贡献为1.93％,其中在第一阶段(1978-1989年)为3.04％,高于第二阶段(1992-2008年)的2.11％,说明劳动力在后一阶段转移速度变慢;农业劳动力转移对经济增长的贡献0.53％,贡献率为4.71％;以上结果表明农业劳动力的转移对省域经济的发展具有一定的推动作用.     

莱芜市农村劳动力转移的影响分析——从农民增收与经济增长两个角度

本文实证分析了上世纪90年代以来农村劳动力转移对农民增收和经济增长的贡献。研究表明，农业劳动力转移禾仅促进了农民收入总量提高和收入结构优化．同时农业劳动力转移的配置效应对经济增长作出了贡献。     

结构调整与兵团经济增长的实证研究

本文利用兵团1990-2008年的数据,分析兵团产业结构调整现状,构建产业结构转换能力的综合评价指标体系,分析兵团产业结构调整对经济增长的关联效应,并采用多部门经济模型测算产业变动对兵团经济增长的贡献。研究表明:兵团产业结构层次仍处于较低水平,一产依然是主导产业;产业结构内部调节能力不足,影响产业升级;第三产业与经济增长的灰关度最高,其次是第一产业;兵团产业结构变动对经济增长贡献较低,波动振幅越来越小,整体呈下降趋势。     

新疆劳动力转移的经济效应评价

随着新疆经济的快速增长,经济结构也发生了重大调整,但结构失衡依然很严重,主要表现在产值结构与就业结构的偏离。本文就劳动力转移对新疆经济增长的效应进行了测算,实证分析表明,劳动力从低效率部门转移到高效率部门的再配置对总量劳动生产率及其增长都有较显著的作用,并显示出与全国不同的特点。同时还讨论了这种效应的阶段性变化、产业差异及其政策含义。     

中国出口乘数效应：近二十年的理论和经验

一、引言随着国际经济的发展,出口促进发达国家经济的发展是一个不争的事实（Balassa,B.1979;Erkin Bairam.1988）,然而在中国,近年来出口虽然以很快的速度增长,但是出口对经济增长贡献份额和净出口拉动经济增长百分点两个指标的发展变化显示,出口对我国经济增长的贡献递减,而且波动剧烈（史言信,2009;张亚雄,陶丽萍,2009）。中国的外贸乘数效应弱化,对国民收入影响有限（罗静,李春明,2007）。     

外资企业贸易效应分析

一、外资企业进出口对我国进出口增长贡献明显外资企业的进出口贸易对我国进出口贸易增长贡献尤为突出,其贡献可以分为直接贡献和间接贡献。直接贡献是外资企业高倾向进出口拉动我国对外贸易增长;间接贡献是通过外资企业的溢出效应发挥作用。1.直接贡献1985年,我国外资企业进出     

资源配置、全要素生产率与农业经济增长愿景

对2004~2010年我国不同地区农业的资源配置扭曲情况的分析表明:由于"二元经济"的影响,我国农业的资本和劳动存在着明显的跨部门配置扭曲。如能有效消除此类扭曲,我国农业TFP能提高6%~36%。各地区的资源再配置效应对农业TFP增长率有着显著影响,并且各地区的资源再配置效应存在明显差异。对全国各个地区而言,土地资源再配置效应都是影响农业资源再配置效应的主要因素,资本和劳动再配置效应则相对较弱。由此可见,促进城乡资本和劳动力市场一体化以及进一步完善农村土地流转市场是现阶段降低农业资源配置扭曲、促进农业TFP增长的主要途径。     

知识产权保护是出口驱动经济增长的“助推器”还是“绊脚石”?

本文把知识产权保护因素引入Feder(1982)的出口驱动经济增长模型,从理论上研究了知识产权保护对货物出口部门和服务出口部门的外部经济效应,以及由外部经济效应分解而来的要素配置效应和技术溢出效应的影响。随后,本文分别基于中国和OECD27个国家的数据进行了经验检验,并得到以下主要结论:(1)出口部门的技术水平越高,越容易产生要素配置效应和技术溢出效应;(2)知识产权保护与高技术出口部门的匹配性强于低技术出口部门,知识产权保护具有增强要素配置效应和技术溢出效应的倾向;(3)适宜强度的知识产权保护是出口部门产生要素配置效应和技术溢出效应的"助推器",进而推动了经济增长,然而过强的知识产权保护则发挥了"绊脚石"的负面作用。以上结论对于调整中国出口的技术结构、制定适宜强度的知识产权保护制度等都具有重要的现实意义。     

我国农业科技创新资源的配置效率及影响因素研究

文章采用DEA法,对2009-2011年我国农业科技创新资源的配置效率进行了测算,并构建个体固定效应模型分析农业科技创新资源配置效率的影响因素。研究结果表明,我国大部分地区的农业科技创新资源配置处于非DEA有效状态,且各地区配置效率差距很大;科技市场的发育程度、政府支持力度、农村劳动力受教育程度、农村生产力发展水平、农村经济发展水平,对农业科技创新资源的配置效率均具有显著的正向影响,这些因素是当前影响农业科技创新资源配置效率的核心要素。     

对“十二五”时期我国产业结构调整的政策建议

我国经济面临着结构性矛盾，这已经成为共识，但对产业结构存在问题的认识并不统一。从根本上来说，评价产业结构应从最基本的原则，即从生产要素配置的基本原理和产业结构的功能来考察。前者主要是关注生产要素配置的短期和静态效益，而后者关注长期和动态利益，不仅包括增长效应，还应包括协调效应、分配效应、社会效应和环境效应。按照上述标准，我国产业结构基本上适应了需求变化，比较好地发挥了其增长效应，生产要素虽然没有向生产率高的部门转移，但呈现出向生产率增长率高的部门转移的趋势；     

Live or Let Die? Alternative Routes to Industry Exit

Each year around 8% of Swedish manufacturing firms leave an industry. Of the exit routes available, the least likely is firm closure. Firms are more likely to merge, become acquired or switch to a new industry. We investigate the importance of a range of firm and industry characteristics for the exit decision of Swedish firms from 1980–1996. From our analysis two patterns are evident. First, firms that close down appear to be the most distinct compared to those that remain within the sector. Second the same characteristics can have quite different associations with different exit strategies.

Exports as an indicator on or promoter of successful swedish manufacturing firms in the 1990s

We study the link between exports and productivity at the firm level. Like in previous studies we get support for the hypothesis that more productive firms self-select into the export market. In addition, and contrary to many of the former studies, we also obtain evidence that exporting further increases firm productivity. Exporting firms appear to have significantly higher productivity than nonexporting. Moreover, exporters—mainly firms that increase their export intensities—have higher output growth than nonexporters. Reallocation of resources between firms may then have contributed to overall manufacturing productivity growth. Hence, we try to quantify the importance of reallocation. JEL no. F10, D24     

Exports as an indicator on or promoter of successful swedish manufacturing firms in the 1990s

We study the link between exports and productivity at the firm level. Like in previous studies we get support for the hypothesis that more productive firms self-select into the export market. In addition, and contrary to many of the former studies, we also obtain evidence that exporting further increases firm productivity. Exporting firms appear to have significantly higher productivity than nonexporting. Moreover, exporters—mainly firms that increase their export intensities—have higher output growth than nonexporters. Reallocation of resources between firms may then have contributed to overall manufacturing productivity growth. Hence, we try to quantify the importance of reallocation. JEL no. F10, D24     

Household Property Rights Formation in Rural China: Farmers' Preference,Transaction Cost and the Efficiency Hypothesis

This paper examines the effects of farmers' preference, transaction cost and household productivity on land reallocation in rural China. Empirical results from a sample of 2102 households show that farmers' preference has no effect on land reallocation. The transaction cost has negative effects on partial‐scale land reallocation but has no effect on full‐scale land reallocation. Interestingly, highly productive and unproductive households receive more partial‐scale land reallocation than households with a median level of productivity, supporting the efficiency hypothesis (Brandt et al., 2004).     

The Stagnant Export Upgrading in Northeast China: Evidence from Value‐added Tax Reform

China's 2004 value‐added tax (VAT) pilot reform in the Northeast region, which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type, introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries, leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level. This paper, however, uses difference‐in‐difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect; that is, the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China, and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks. It is found that resources are reallocated towards less‐sophisticated industries. As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development (R&D) intensive, the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process. With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast, policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.     

Unemployment Dynamics, and Propagation of Aggregate and Reallocation Shocks in the Netherlands

This paper models the propagation at the macro level of four types of shocks using the SVAR approach. Time series data for the Netherlands on job creation, job destruction, the number of vacancies and labour supply are used to identify aggregate demand and supply shocks, and reallocation demand and supply shocks as different sources of unemployment dynamics. Each of these four types of shocks appears to have at least some influence on unemployment both in the short and long run. The long run influence of the aggregate labour supply shock is estimated to be very limited. It indicates that additional labour supply is almost fully absorbed by labour demand in the long run.     

Regaining China's Resource Reallocative Efficiency to Boost Growth

The structural changes that the Chinese economy has been experiencing since its working-age population began to decline pose challenges for its further growth. First, as it loses its comparative advantage in labor-intensive activities, the share of manufacturing in its GDP has shrunk. Second, unproductive enterprises that are reluctant to exit the market tend to seek policy protection, which leads to the immobility of resource allocation. Third, the reallocation of the labor force from the highly productive manufacturing sector to the low-productivity service sector leads to the degradation of resource allocation. The inadequate exploitation of the potential of resource reallocation implies that the decline in manufacturing is premature. It is therefore important to combine market competition policy, industrial policy, and social protection policy to stabilize the development of manufacturing.     

Employment adjustment in two countries with poor reputations: Analysis of aggregate, firm, and flow data for Portugal and Germany

This paper supplements aggregate time-series analysis of the speed of employment adjustment with evidence from firm panel and flow data for two countries – Portugal and Germany – sharing unenviable labor market reputations. The Portuguese labor market is often portrayed as terminally inert, while that of Germany as badly ailing. We report broad consistency in the results across data sets in favor of Portugal. In benchmarking Portugal against Germany, the adverse reputation of the former – if not necessarily that of the latter country – may have been exaggerated in contemporary policy debate.We thank, without implicating, two anonymous reviewers of this journal for their helpful remarks on an earlier version of the paper.     

Job reallocation in Korean manufacturing: 1984–2014

This paper investigates the patterns of job reallocation in Korean manufacturing during the period 1984–2014. Utilizing establishment-level data from the Mining and Manufacturing Survey, we construct job flow measures and document the trend of job reallocation and test its efficiency. We first find that the pace of job reallocation has diminished since the Asian Financial Crisis. Although jobs were reallocated from less productive to more productive establishments overall, we find that the productivity-enhancing effect has also diminished over time. Although recessions are known to be periods of intense reallocation and restructuring, job reallocation was not particularly more efficient during recessions in Korea. It even decreased during the Great Recession of 2008 because the exit probability of low-TFP establishments was reduced.