现金持有对家族企业市场竞争力的影响——基于CEO来源的视角

当前我国家族企业已陆续进入代际传承的重要阶段,企业CEO也出现了由一代、二代或外部经理人这三种不同来源的安排。不同来源的CEO从现金持有的交易动机、预防动机和代理动机出发,会选择不同的现金持有战略,从而影响企业的市场竞争力。文章以2010-2014年沪深两市A股上市家族企业为研究对象,研究现金持有水平与企业市场竞争力之间的一般关系,并根据家族企业的特殊性和差异性,推断家族企业现金持有是否同样具有竞争优势,还进一步研究家族企业不同CEO来源对现金持有竞争优势的影响。研究发现,家族企业的现金持有能够增强企业的市场竞争力,即家族企业存在现金持有的竞争优势。而且家族企业CEO的不同来源会对企业现金持有的竞争优势产生较大影响,具体说,家族创始人CEO由于维护社会情感财富和代际传承等原因,可能会损害企业现金持有的竞争优势,降低家族企业现金持有价值;家族二代CEO出于二次创业的动力,反而会加强企业现金持有的竞争优势;外部经理人担任CEO为了个人声誉和薪酬,也会显著加强企业现金持有的竞争优势。文章从家族企业这一特殊样本出发,丰富了家族企业现金持有竞争优势的研究,并从家族企业代际传承的视角,独特地研究了不同CEO来源对家族企业现金持有竞争优势的重要影响,同时也扩展了代际传承经济后果的研究。     

家族控制上市公司内部传承与绩效关系的实证研究

家族企业已经成为我国私营部门的生力军,其权力能否有效传承直接关系到企业的生存与发展。在传承方式的选择上,我国家族企业普遍倾向于内部传承。论文采用2012年694家家族控制上市公司的数据,运用样本均值比较分析、相关性分析和回归分析等实证分析方法,通过家族权力内部传承和外部传承与绩效关系的对比,揭示家族继承人继承权力对公司绩效有显著影响,内部传承方式有利于提升企业绩效。同时,进一步从家族内部传承所有权和管理权两个维度,分析其代理成本差异和与企业绩效的关系,结果显示家族继承人是否为指定管理层与托宾Q值显著相关,表明传承管理权更有助于提升企业绩效。     

我国家族企业可持续发展的障碍与途径

家族式企业作为我国渐进式改革的主要创新力量,逐步发展成为社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,以及国民经济中最为活跃的增长点。文章阐述了家族企业的概念及其类型,分析了家族企业可持续发展的障碍:家族化治理结构制约企业发展、战略目标不明确、集权化倾向较严重、管理水平不高和人才缺乏等因素,并针对存在的障碍提出了实现家族企业可持续发展的对策,对我国家族企业可持续发展具有指导作用。     

家族所有权对家族企业创新投入的影响——市场化程度的调节作用

以社会情感财富理论为基础,对我国主板上市家族企业在2008-2018年间的相关数据进行实证研究,结合企业所在地区市场化程度的不同,分别以家族决策权和家族现金流权为家族所有权的衡量指标,分析我国上市家族企业所有权对家族企业创新投入的影响.实证研究结果表明:家族所有权对家族企业创新投入具有显著的负向影响;地区市场化程度在家族所有权与家族企业创新投入之间发挥负向调节作用,当企业所在地区市场化程度越低,家族所有权对家族企业创新投入的负向影响作用越强;反之,则越弱.该结论为在市场化经济条件下,国内家族企业所有权结构与家族企业创新投入之间关系提供了经验证据和科学指导依据.     

文化和我国家族企业的演进

众多的研究表明，我国家族企业的存在与发展是我国经济发展的不竭动力，随着我国经济形势的变化，家族企业的组织形式也不断变化。影响我国家族企业演进的因素有很多，其中文化因素有很大的影响作用，文化影响企业的剩余控制权，家族企业的组织形态演变的决定力量是企业的剩余控制权。     

家族企业国际创业与价值链依赖——基于资源依赖理论的实证研究

如何识别和利用新机会,降低对在全球价值链上发达经济体主导企业的依赖从而掌握主动权,是家族企业未来能否长期保持健康发展的关键突破口之一。基于资源依赖理论视角,本文探讨了家族企业是如何通过实施国际创业活动突破对发达经济体主导企业价值链依赖的作用机理。基于2007—2014年我国家族企业上市公司对外直接投资的数据,本文采用非平衡面板数据模型的分析方法,实证检验了理论假设。研究结果表明：（1）家族企业实施国际创业有效降低了对主导企业的市场依赖和技术依赖；（2）家族企业所有权越高,家族企业实施国际创业越能够降低对主导企业的市场依赖和技术依赖；（3）在国内市场的竞争力越强,家族企业实施国际创业越能够降低对主导企业的技术依赖,但对家族企业国际创业与主导企业的市场依赖间的关系未能被证实。研究结论对家族企业国际化研究具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。     

创业导向下女性高管对家族企业财务绩效的影响——来自性别属性与家族属性的双重效应

文章通过区分家族女性高管和非家族女性高管两类群体，实证检验了在家族企业创业成长的过程中，性别属性与家族属性带来的双重影响。研究结果表明，与独立型女性高管相比，与控制家族有血缘关系的亲缘型女性高管参与治理会对家族企业财务绩效产生更为积极的影响，且在内部创业导向下该积极作用更显著。独立型女性高管对财务绩效无直接显著作用，且在内部创业导向下，会削减家族企业的绩效，在外部创业导向下也没有体现出积极作用。本研究揭示了在以内部创业导向为主的家族企业中，家族经验、家族关系等家族属性可以一定程度上弥补女性角色在家族企业治理中的不足，为日益蓬勃的女性后代继任的家族企业创业成长给出了一定的有益指导。     

企业经营成败的关键——竞争力与经营人才

企业的生死存亡决定于企业的竞争力。提高企业竞争力的关键则在于高素质的企业经营人才。优秀的企业经营人员作为一种人力资本是企业中最具活力的因素。 优秀的经营人才,其必备的素质能力可以直接转变为企业竞争力。经营人才是具有全面的现代经营管理知识、相当的实际操作能力、并具有创新精神和丰富管理经验的专门人才。其中,能够独立地以专门从事企业经营管理获取工资收入,并经市场认可的     

澳门城市发展对旅游业吸引力的影响研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

旅游业吸引力与城市建设密不可分,两者之间良性互动对微型经济体可持续发展意义重大。通过构建向量自回归模型,分析2002-2016年澳门城市人文发展水平、产业多元化程度与旅游业吸引力三者之间的关系,表明:澳门城市人文发展与产业多元化对澳门旅游业吸引力具有长期推动作用,但产业多元化的推动作用小于城市人文发展因素。短期内,澳门产业多元化对旅游业推动作用不显著,人文发展水平对旅游业发展推动比较显著,但效应小于长期作用。因此,澳门应积极推进城市内涵建设,提升人文发展对旅游业的吸引力;促进产业适度多元化,夯实旅游业长远发展的基础。     

创新投入、创新产出与企业绩效：基于CDM模型的实证研究

文章运用CDM模型,采用中小板上市的236家公司的相关数据,实证检验了创新投入、创新产出与企业绩效之间的关系.数据分析结果表明:创新投入对创新产出有显著的正向影响,创新产出对企业绩效有显著的正向影响;在影响创新活动的因素中,企业规模对创新投入和企业绩效有积极的影响、而对创新产出却起到了相反的作用;政府补助有利于提高创新投入,劳动力素质与企业绩效正相关;战略新兴企业与非战略新兴企业对企业创新投入、创新产出和企业绩效的影响有差异,战略新兴企业对企业创新活动的影响是很显著的.     

On the Major Transformation of the Asia-Pacific Regional Structure北大核心CSSCISSCI

Recent years have witnessedsignificant changes in the Asia-Pacific regionalstructure featuring the shift in power balance among related countries as well as adjust-ments in their respective regional strategies. So what is the prevailing trend in thistransformation and what kind of regional order will likely emerge in the future？ To an-swer these questions, the paper tries to explore the following dimensions： the evolvingregional context, shift in power balance and power conversion, geo-political and geo-e-conomic developments and interactions between them, and evolving regional order. Asthe study shows, the broadening of regional geographical scope, the rise in the numberof actors involved, as well as changesin the relations among them, have combined tocast a pluralistic and complex flavor to the regional structure. While the power balanceamong China, the United States and Japan shifts, and power conversion is also occur-ring. China and Japan are paying increasing attention to their security roles, whereasthe United States under the Obama administration laid more stress on expanding itsgeo-economic clout. In spite of the intensifying geopolitical competition among China,the United States and Japan in recent years, a Sino-US strategic compromise-whichholds the key to regional geopolitics-isother front, some kind of geo-economicmore likely to take place in the future. On thecooperation will probably emerge. In the longerterm, it will be the geo-economic trend thatwill prevail over the geopolitical trend inthe region. Finally, the future evolution of regional order wiI1 mainly follow the eco-nomic logic, accompanied by the dilutionof its hegemonic and hierarchical nature.Hence, a pluralistic and complex regional community will emerge.     

Organization and incentives in the age of sail

The British Navy in the age of sail was the most successful bureaucracy of its time. Its organization and incentive structures differed importantly from contemporaneous private sailing ventures, but closely resembled those of today’s large corporations. To induce efficient effort, the navy used a hierarchical tournament, in which sailors competed for higher pay that came with promotions based on relative performance. Promotion probabilities, the option value of future promotions, and the higher effort required of men in higher ranks and on larger vessels, combined to yield a highly skewed pay structure.     

The German Hanse and Bergen – new perspectives on an old subject

Abstract

The Hanseatic League and her kontors (trading posts) were an integral part of the medieval trade system in Northern Europe. Hanse merchants dominated many markets in this region and managed to maintain a monopoly-like role in towns like Novgorod and Bergen for many centuries. Consequently, one focus of historical research about the Hanseatic League lay on the mechanisms that enabled the Hanse merchants to keep that strong of a position for such a long time.

This article is part of the discussion about this topic. Based on Lübeck merchants with business interest in the Norwegian town of Bergen, the so-called Bergenfahrers (Bergen travellers), it will give new insights into the Hansards' economical and social organization. The three main points are (a) the integration of the Bergen market in the Hanseatic trade network as an intermediary trading place on the vivid East–West route of Hanse trade; (b) the importance of the Bergenfahrers within the Hanse merchants' economical, social and political networks; and (c) the structure of the Bergenfahrers network patterns in the late Middle Ages.

In addition to new insights into the important role of Bergen and the Bergenfahrers within Lübeck's and the other Wendish Hanse towns' trading system, this articles provides further proof for the usefulness of the methods of Social Network Analysis in medieval economic research.     

Financial Reporting and Trade Credit: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption*

We investigate the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on trade credit. We document that firms in countries that adopt IFRS receive more trade credit from their suppliers, consistent with improved financial reporting quality and comparability playing a role in facilitating informal financing. This increase is larger for countries with a low level of societal trust, a poor pre‐IFRS‐adoption information environment, and stronger legal enforcement. These cross‐sectional results suggest that the conditions under which higher‐quality information is made publicly available affect suppliers' decisions to provide trade credit. This increase is also larger for firms with greater exposure to foreign markets, a finding that highlights the importance of more comparable international financial reporting standards in facilitating cross‐country trade credit. We also find that IFRS adoption has a stronger positive effect on trade credit for firms with greater liquidity needs. Finally, we find that firms in countries that adopt IFRS also extend more trade credit to their customers. Overall, our results support the notion that financial reporting can have a causal effect on trade credit.     

区域工业产业竞争力指标体系的构建及其评价方法研究

文章通过建立省级区域工业产业竞争力评价指标体系,设计竞争力模型,利用SPSS统计软件,对各省工业产业竞争力进行了评价测定。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

文化传播中电视暴力对青少年侵犯行为的影响

伴随当代传媒产业的蓬勃发展,暴力也成为影视艺术基本的叙事类型及消费主义文化日趋盛行的现实语境。＂电视暴力＂是作为＂媒介暴力＂的一个子概念存在的;从文化传播看电视暴力,其覆盖面大,且易于接触;电视暴力对受众特别是青少年的影响巨大而深刻。要从制作者、传播者和观众三个方面的自律出发,建立适应我国国情的影视分级制。