我国企业会计准则与ISA协调状况分析——以生物资产准则为例

文章以生物资产为例,分析了我国企业会计制度与IAS之间的协同状况.通过我国生物会计准则和IAS41对生物资产的会计确认、计量、相关信息披露等三个方面处理方法的异同的对比分析,寻找差异的原因,并提出了进一步完善我国的生物资产准则、实现国际会计趋同的方向.     

我国资产减值会计的发展历程及前景

我国的资产减值会计从无到有,从单项资产减值到八项资产减值的不断完善经历了十几年的时间。在现实环境下,资产减值会计在实务操作中存在资产减值投资的计提缺乏客观的资料基础;减值损失等尚不能如实反映企业资产的真实状况,资产组的确认难以准确把握,资产减值信息不全面的问题,但资产减值会计在我国存在广阔的发展空间。     

1998～2005年我国资产价格波动机制研究--以房地产价格与股票价格互动关系为例

本文利用1998年～2005年间的数据对我国资产价格波动状况进行了实证研究。研究结果表明房地产价格的变动将导致股票价格产生波动。随后对资产价格传导机制进行了研究，认为银行拆借利率和贷款额在资产价格波动中扮演着重要角色。由于货币供应量对银行拆借利率和贷款额都有显著影响，因此我们认为它是引起资产价格波动的发动机。本文的研究结论进一步印证了资产价格波动理论的正确性，并认为当前我国实行稳健的货币政策对资产价格稳定将起到积极的作用。     

日本资产证券化的发展状况

资产证券是一种新的金融工具,对金融危机后日本金融体系的改革有着十分重要的推动作用。本文介绍了近年来资产证券化在日本取得迅速发展的背景,着重从资产证券化的种类,立法与监管,发展中存在的障碍等方面分析了日本资产证券化的发展状况。本文还总结了日本发展资产证券化的经验对我国的借鉴意义。     

针对维维集团股份有限公司资产质量分析

企业的资产质量状况,一定程度上反映了公司的经营状况,是投资者进行决策的重要参考依据。文章以维维集团股份有限公司为例,结合资产质量的相关概念和理论,基于维维集团股份有限公司的近五年报表材料以及近年来公司多元化发展的对其的影响,重点研究该公司的流动资产,非流动资产,资产结构质量是否能够为企业带来利润,根据图表指出存在的问题提出意见,希望能为我国其他具有相似状况的上市公司提供强有力的借鉴与指导。     

关于城市集体资产管理问题的研究

集体所有资产是集体经济组织的重要资本,它维系企业命运,它关连着劳动群众的根本利益.目前我国农村集体资产和乡镇集体资产管理有了章法,而城市集体资产还处于认识不统一、体制和法规不健全、运作不规范的状况,影响了企业改制进程,集体资产流失和被平调现象比较突出,企业和职工权益受到侵害.集体经济改革发展实践迫切要求加强集体资产管理,广大群众企盼政府和社会有关方面维护他们的根本利益.关注并切实加强集体资产管理,刻不容缓.     

日本资产价格泡沫发生机制研究

资金和投资意愿是产生资产价格泡沫的充分必要条件。20世纪80年代后期,滞后的金融体制改革、歪曲的税制、日美贸易摩擦、削减赤字的财政再建计划、良好的经济状况和国家竞争力的整体上升使日本同时具备了资产价格泡沫发生的两个条件。借鉴日本的经验,通过财政、税收政策扩大市场上可投资资产的供给,同时降低预期的投资收益是防止和缓解我国发生资产价格泡沫的主要手段。     

高等学校的资产配置与高等学校的价值

针对我国高等学校资产形成的历史过程和长期只注重有形资产投入的状况 ,在我国高等学校的发展建设中 ,特别是面对高等学校目前投资的高峰 ,要调整资产结构 ,增加对知识资源等无形资产的投入 ,不断降低高等学校的运营成本 ,提高运营效率 ,增加高等学校价值     

资产处置损益与盈亏状况的调节效应研究——以信息技术行业上市公司为例

在经济全球化快速发展背景下,资产处置已成为当前我国上市公司经营活动中至关重要的组成部分之一,资产处置产生的损益对公司盈利水平的影响也越发显著。文章以我国2015—2019年沪深两市A股上市的263家信息技术行业公司为样本,通过对资产处置损益项目数据进行统计和回归分析,检验了资产处置损益项目与信息技术行业上市公司盈亏状况之间的关系。实证结果表明,资产处置损益与信息技术行业上市公司存在显著的价值相关性,即盈利的信息技术行业上市公司倾向于通过资产处置的方式减少报告盈余,而亏损的信息技术行业上市公司倾向于通过资产处置的方式增加报告盈余。     

上市公司现金股利政策内部因素的实证研究——基于我国钢铁类上市公司现金股利政策的分析

文章根据2001～2005年的相关数据,对2007年及以前的我国钢铁类上市公司现金股利支付进行了具体分析.结果表明公司盈利能力、现金状况、非流通股比例与现金股利支付呈正相关关系;公司规模、成长性与每股现金股利呈负相关关系;资产负债状况、资产的流动性对现金股利分配影响不显著.     

Commercial banking in the United States: Japanese Commercial banks' presence

Presence of foreign commercial banks, especially the Japanese Commercial banks, in the United States has become the subject of much attention. As of December 1990, assets owned by branches of foreign banks amount to $626.4 billion of which Japanese bank branches hold a 59.4 percent share and of the $154.5 billion worth of assets held by subsidiaries of foreign banks, the share held by Japanese-owned subsidiaries is 41.2 percent. This paper presents an economic analysis of the situation drawing upon the comparative behavior patterns with respect to direct foreign investment of Japanese and U.S. commercial banks.     

Central Bank Balance Sheets and the Transmission of Financial Crises

Central banks usually “park” their foreign exchange reserves in safe or highly liquid foreign assets. The paper illustrates that when central banks invest instead in risky foreign assets, then domestic banking crises can cause a crisis in the market for the foreign asset and vice versa. The paper takes its motivation from Asian central banks’ recent appetite for US government agency-debt securities such as those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddy Mac.     

我国商业银行不良资产证券化浅析

本文分析了资产证券化在处理我国商业银行不良资产的必要性和可行性,以及其运行过程中出现的问题。同时在操作环节上提出了具体的政策建议,为我国国有商业银行不良资产证券化的运作提供依据。     

The performance of black-owned commercial banks: A comparative analysis

The objective of this study was to examine performance differences among black banks of different asset sizes, as compared with average nonminority banks of similar asset size from 1985 to 1991. The study found that large black banks with assets over $50 million outperformed smaller black banks with assets less than $50 million in terms of return on assets (ROA) and return on owners’ equity. Also, when compared with average nonminority banks with assets less than $300 million, the large black banks exhibited a statistically significant higher ROA than average nonminority banks in 1985 through 1987. However, the differences were found to be statistically insignificant in terms of return on owners’ equity (ROE) during the study period. Regression results show that provision for loan loss, high liquidity, and investment in treasury and government securities continue to impact negatively on small black banks’ performance but these factors have no statistically significant impact on large black banks’ performance.     

我国商业银行利率风险管理的实证研究

借助利率敏感性缺口模型,文章对我国14家上市银行在2007年至2010年期间的利率风险管理状况进行了实证研究。结果发现,近几年,我国商业银行整体上在应对利率变动风险方面取得一定成效,中小规模商业银行的利率风险管理能力总体上要优于大规模商业银行;但是,商业银行依然存在中长期利率敏感性资产和负债匹配严重失衡等问题。     

Drivers of technical efficiency in Malaysian banking: a new empirical insight

Restructuring and rationalisation of Malaysian banking in 2000 and the subsequent policy of deregulation and liberalisation adopted by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) have resulted in a significant transformation of Malaysian banking. Banks are now poised to play a pivotal role in the economic transformation of the economy as envisaged in the Financial Sector Blue Print 2011–20 of BNM. Using the data envelopment analysis technique, the technical efficiency of 19 commercial banks (8 domestic banks and 11 foreign banks) operating in Malaysia during 2005–12 is evaluated. Then, using bootstrap‐corrected efficiency scores, the drivers of bank efficiency were estimated using the Tobit regression approach. Results clearly show that three large domestic banks are not only more efficient than their counterparts, but are also more efficient than the foreign banks. Bank size and return on assets are found to be the significant drivers of technical efficiency of Malaysian banks. Capital adequacy and the advances to deposit ratio also have a role in driving technical efficiency. The results also indicate that banks that are more effective in managing credit risk, as reflected in a lower level of non‐performing assets as a percentage of total assets, and have lower levels of personnel expenses to total assets, are more efficient. The findings have significant implications at the individual bank level and also at the policy level.     

Bank-specific determinants of nonperforming assets of Indian banks

The paper examines the role of bank-specific variables in explaining the dynamics of non-performing assets (NPAs) of Indian banks in a panel data framework over the post liberalisation period, 1995–2011. The results have been derived after controlling for macroeconomic factors like real GDP, inflation, exchange rate etc. Applying several variants of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique in dynamic models, we find that that there is significant time persistence of NPAs in Indian banking system. We also find that larger banks are more prone to default than smaller banks. We find support for the ‘bad management hypothesis’ as we observe that an increase in profit level of the banks reduces NPAs in the next period. Lagged capital adequacy ratio as an important prudential indicator also significantly reduces current NPAs of banks. The paper also draws some important policy implications about NPA management.     

THE TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY EFFECTS OF TURKISH BANKS AFTER FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION

The banking sector in Turkey has grown significantly over the last two decades of financial liberalization. One of the aims of the financial liberalization was to improve efficiency through restructuring programs including the privatization of state banks and the encouragement of mergers. In this paper we identify key factors determining the technical efficiency differentials among Turkish commercial banks in the pre‐ and post‐liberalization periods, using the technical inefficiency effects model. We found that loan quality, size, ownership of the banks, and profitability have a positive and significant impact on the technical efficiencies of banks. The results warrant implementation of effective regulatory measures to improve the quality of the earning assets of commercial banks. Furthermore, steps by the government to encourage acquisitions or mergers for private banks and the privatization of state‐owned banks seem to be consistent in improving the overall efficiency of commercial banking in Turkey.     

非标债权业务与银行债务风险

本文基于2007-2018年我国商业银行面板数据,建立面板数据模型,实证研究了非标债权资产对银行债务风险影响.研究表明:自有资金或第三方理财导致非标债权资产占比上升会显著提升银行债务风险.导致结果的原因不是信息不透明,而是因为资源禀赋.禀赋较差的地方性银行通过非标债权业务实现金融资源的跨区对接,此举显著提高了它的债务风险.为解决内生性问题,本文分别采用银行所在地区、类型相同等其他银行非标债权资产占比平均值为工具变量的2SLS,进一步证实了上述观点.本文研究结论有助于建立更加公平的银行竞争市场.     

对企业验资注册审计的思考

企业虚假验资注册在银行法人信贷业务中几乎成为企业骗取银行贷款惯用的手法。而企业因虚假验资、增资注册增加企业资本金,从而美化企业资产质量,以达到银行准入标准,致使银行信贷风险加大,最终形成不良信贷资产。本文从审计角度揭示企业虚假验资注册的表现形式、危害及银行信贷的薄弱环节,总结审计查证企业虚假验资注册的手段,以揭示信贷风险,达到防范风险的目的。