全国大学生数学建模竞赛组织方式探讨

全国大学生数学建模竞赛是否应将一本院校和二本院校分开进行竞赛的问题进行了研究和探讨。首先对近年全国大学生数学建模竞赛获奖情况进行了统计分析,结果显示一本院校特别是重点院校在竞赛获奖中确实占有很大比例,但这并不意味着应该将一本院校和二本院校分开进行竞赛。其次,从数学建模竞赛的宗旨与目的、社会对大学生的需求、数学建模竞赛质量等八个方面论述了具体原因。     

关于区域学科竞赛协同发展的思考

文章以区域学科竞赛的现实状况为问题出发点,就高校大学生学科竞赛的区域资源共享机制进行深入研究,并对学科竞赛的资源共享方案及平台建设展开一定探讨,为全国各区域的学科竞赛发展研究提供一个参考。     

大学生学科竞赛能力提升路径研究——以南京航空航天大学金城学院为例

近年来学科竞赛对培养大学生实践创新能力的重要作用日益凸显,文章在针对以金城学院大学生为调查对象的相关调查中反映出的在校大学生参加学科竞赛时普遍暴露出的问题的基础上,构建出符合当下大学生特点的参与学科竞赛所需的能力提升路径。     

基于ACM国际大学生程序设计竞赛的学习模式

基于ACM国际大学生程序设计竞赛的学习模式——协作式学习、任务驱动式学习、在网络中学习、竞赛式学习,有助于通过竞赛提高大学生编程和算法能力。     

浅谈高职院校数学建模的选拔和培训

数学建模竞赛对培养学生的创新精神和实践应用能力起到了积极作用。在教学中渗透数模思想、扩大对数学建模意义的宣传、为学生参加竞赛提供良好的学习平台是选拔与培训大学生参加建模竞赛的基本途径。     

计算机专业学生就业能力培养对策探析——基于科技竞赛

本文分析了当前计算机专业实践教学体系存在的问题及大学生就业困难的原因,提出了以科技竞赛为抓手,培养计算机专业学生就业能力的对策,探讨了其促进就业的意义.指出,科技竞赛对大学生就业能力的提升具有重要作用,因此,要鼓励学生积极参加科技竞赛;加强跟踪培养和后备人才储备;实施奖励与淘汰机制;坚持传承与发展.     

科技竞赛对培养大学生创新能力作用的研究

创新是民族进步的灵魂,是国家兴旺的动力。文章研究了科技竞赛对培养大学生创新能力的作用,针对目前高校开展科技竞赛存在的问题,提出具体举措。     

浅谈全国大学生英语竞赛对大学生英语综合应用能力的促进作用

全国大学生英语竞赛的举办可以在一定程度上改变学生英语综合运用能力不强、缺乏英语思维方式、出现语言僵化现象的现实状况。大学生参加该项竞赛以及教师针对性的辅导,可以促进大学生的英语综合运用能力的提高,实现大学英语教学改革的根本目标。     

太阳能界“奥运会”

9月13日至9月20日，来自四大洲5个国家的4000多位大学生施展他们的才能，在华盛顿周边的波托马克河公园建造他们的太阳能住房。这些太阳能住房在9月23日到10月2日对民众开放，10月1号宣布此次竞赛的优胜者。这目前还只是“太阳能十项全能竞赛”中的一个比赛项目，然而在不久的将来，这将有望成为全世界建筑行业和能源行业借鉴的标准。     

基于大学生创新训练项目探讨高职学生创新能力的培养

针对当前高职院校开展的大学生创新训练项目,文章分析了大学生创新训练项目的研究和实施对大学生多元化发展所具有的意义,并对大学生创新训练项目在教育模式、人才培养方案、课程体系、创业竞赛等发展提出了几点建议。     

竞赛机制设计研究回顾与展望

竞赛是社会、政治和经济中的典型现象,在激励和资源配置方面发挥了非常重要的作用,竞赛机制设计已成为竞赛研究的理论热点问题.本文介绍了竞赛理论基础知识,主要从竞赛奖励、竞赛结构及竞赛成功函数三个方面,综述了有关竞赛机制设计研究.在回顾以往研究的基础上,探讨了竞赛机制设计研究未来的可能发展方向.     

Contests and the Private Production of Public Goods

The private provision of public goods generally suffers from two types of efficiency failures: sorting problems (the wrong individuals contribute) and quantity problems (an inefficient amount is provided). Embedding the provision game into a contest that rewards larger contributions with higher probabilities of winning a prize may remedy such failures. Applications include tenure decisions at universities, electoral competition among politicians, etc. We identify a tradeoff between the value of the prize and the decisiveness of the contest. High‐powered incentives in contests may cause an overprovision of the public good or wasteful participation of unproductive individuals in the contest.     

Division of a contest with identical prizes

This paper studies an economic contest with identical prizes. We consider the effects of division of the contest. When the contest designer divides the contest symmetrically, each participant competes in each assigned division. The main result is that division is sometimes profitable for the contest designer, in the sense that division brings about increases in lower ability agents' (and occasionally higher ability agents') efforts in exchange for decreases in other agents' efforts. We also study an application to educational attainment. The result helps to explain why it is difficult to find class size effects in empirical data. J. Japanese Int. Economies 18 (2) (2004) 282–297.     

The over‐weighting of unfair tie in all‐pay contest: An experimental study

This paper examines experimentally a contest in which the organizer takes a share of the prize if there is a tie. Our hypothesis is that contestants perceive this as unfair and that this perception has a non‐proportional effect on the bids. The results indicate that despite the very low probability of a tie, contestants over‐weight its importance and sharply decrease their bids if the organizer takes a share. We show that a fair contest is the optimal strategy for the organizer since the increase in the average bid in a “fair” contest is higher than the organizer's decrease in expected value from losing his share in a tie.     

地方公共品有效供给的激励模型——基于中央与地方政府博弈的视角

当前，我国地方政府在事权和财权上都有了较大的自主权。在地方公共品供给中，当地方政府和中央政府目标不相一致时，中央和地方的博弈便不可避免。在政治与经济双重竞争的博弈背景下，地方政府作为公共品主要提供者的角色常常被忽视了．地方公共品供给出现结构失衡。因此，在中央与地方博弈的视角下，针对我国地方公共品供给的困境，研究地方公共品有效供给的激励模型，规范地方政府行为，形成地方公共品有效供给的激励制度是当务之急。     

Experimenting with Contests for Experimentation

We report an experimental test of alternative rules in innovation contests when success may not be feasible and contestants may learn from each other. Following Halac, Kartik, and Liu (in press), the contest designer can vary the prize allocation rule from Winner‐Take‐All (WTA) in which the first successful innovator receives the entire prize to Shared in which all successful innovators during the contest duration share in the prize. The designer can also vary the information disclosure policy from Public in which at each period, all information about contestants' past successes and failures is publicly available, to Private, in which contestants only know their own histories. In our setting, the optimal contest design in terms of maximizing the probability that at least one innovator is successful depends on the probability of successful innovation, given that innovation is feasible. Under some parameters the designer will prefer a WTA‐Public contest; while, under others he will prefer Shared‐Private. Our experiments provide evidence that Private disclosure contests behaviorally dominate Public disclosure, regardless of the prize allocation rule, and moreover that Shared‐Private contests dominate WTA‐Private contests.     

Heterogeneity,leveling the playing field,and affirmative action in contests

The heterogeneous abilities of players in various competitive contexts often lead to undesirable outcomes such as low effort provision, a lack of diversity, and inequality. A range of policies is implemented to mitigate such issues by enforcing competitive balance, that is, by leveling the playing field. Some of those policies, known as affirmative action (AA) policies, are practiced in ethical response to historical discrimination against particular social groups, and are also aimed at increasing competition. This survey summarizes the rapidly growing literature on contest theory regarding AA and other policies that level the playing field. Using a general theoretical structure, we outline the theoretical, experimental, and empirical research findings on contest outcomes under a multitude of policy mechanisms, and in doing so, we touch upon some of the common debates in the AA literature.     

黑龙江省农业产业化经营发展问题研究

黑龙江省是农业大省,国家重要的商品粮基地,农业和农村经济在全国占有重要的战略地位.面对加入WTO后的新形势,全省的绿特色产品生产经营成本高,产品质量不稳定,进入国际市场的难度加大,市场竞争力较弱,必须采取有力措施大力发展农业产业化经营,把主导产业做大做强,积极参与国际竞争.     

职业技能大赛对职业教育发展的影响力研究

职业技能大赛是职业院校办学的一个重要指导方向,对职业院校的职业教育发展有重要的影响,取得了很好的成效。本文着力探讨了国家级职业技能大赛的举办对教师及学科建设方面的影响,量化职业技能大赛对学生的具体影响,分析对职业技能大赛校企合作、实训基地的建设等方面的影响。从而推进一些有利于职业教育发展的职业技能大赛,提高指导教师的指导能力,确保职业技能大赛更好的发挥作用。     

Help and Factionalism in Politics and Organizations

Whether in electoral politics or promotions within organizations, players often face the dilemma of whether to enter the contest or to assist other candidates. This article analyzes incentives in a rank‐order tournament when the winner has control over resources that he can distribute to his supporters. Some players may then be encouraged to help others in exchange for paybacks, resulting in factionalism, with leaders and supporters sorted by ability. The number and the size of factions depend on the reward structure of the contest and the distribution of abilities. These implications are corroborated by data on U.S. gubernatorial primary elections.