新型汽油抗爆剂NMT的发展及其市场前景

NMT是环戊二烯三羰基锰的产品名称，是一种提高汽油辛烷值的汽油添加剂。用于调合汽油，提高汽油辛烷值，从而生产90号、93号及高标号无铅汽油。NMT不仅能帮助炼油厂汽油产品提高等级，而且能提高高标号汽油的产量。NMT是炼油厂极有价值的辛烷值改进剂。本文主要介绍了新型汽油添加剂NMT的发展过程及其优点、用途、竞争优势和发展前景。     

解剖98#汽油

98#车用无铅汽油(简称98#汽油)是目前国际上车用汽油的最高标号。它的研究法辛烷值高达98以上，马达法辛烷值也在88,是具有最高抗爆性能水平的车用无铅汽油。     

合理分类汽油确保汽油质量

在描述汽油质量的指标中，从汽车的使用和汽车污染物排放控制角度看，我国与国外差别较大的汽油指标主要有辛烷值、硫含量、烯烃和芳烃、各种添加剂等。     

无铅汽油与有铅汽油

从去年7月1日本市规定各加油站一律供应无铅汽油,机动车禁止使用有铅汽油,至今已一年多了。然而,什么是无铅汽车？什么是汽油标号？辛烷值是什么？     

浅谈催化裂化汽油降烯烃技术

本文介绍了目前主要的降低汽油烯烃含量的催化裂化(FCC)新工艺.通过对FCC装置自身进行改造增加芳构化、烷基化反映不仅降低了FCC汽油的烯烃含量,同时可以提高汽油的辛烷值,但总体看各项技术均在不断的完善之中,运用这些技术必须按照各自装置的实际情况     

美国的混合式加油机

众所周知,美国油品零售市场的竞争十从分激烈,对吸引顾客、增加服务、降低成本的追求十分迫切。从加油站设备上看, 混合式加油机和大型地下油罐成为发展方向。混合式加油机可以精确地把高辛烷值汽油和低辛烷值汽油自动掺混成为中等辛烷值汽油, 而大容积地下油罐(30000加仑)近年来有逐渐取代原油罐(15000加仑)的趋势,油管的口径也从过去的1.5英寸到2英寸,再发展     

国内外纯苯供需现状及发展趋势

苯是重要的芳香族烃，大多可从催化重整生成油、裂解汽油和煤焦油中回收得到。苯一半用做乙苯，第二大用途是做异丙苯，其次是做环己烷、苯胺／硝基苯和烷基苯。此外，还可以添加进炼油厂的液体产品中，用以提高汽油的辛烷值。     

专家解惑

北京车友杨树新问:为什么含MMT(锰盐)的高标号车用无铅汽油中会出现咖啡色的沉积物?有何解决办法? 答:在车用无铅汽油中加入MMT,能改善汽油的抗爆性,提高辛烷值,提高汽油标号。但MMT,见光易分解,产生咖啡色的沉积物,这就是氧化锰。含MMT的高标号车用无铅汽油在储、运、收、发和零售环节见光的机会很多,解决和抑制MMT见光分解的一种办法就是往含有MMT的车用无铅汽油中添加车用汽油清净稳定剂。这种清净稳定剂不仅能抑制MMT的分解和沉淀,而且在车用无铅汽油中具有清净剂的功能。目前,这种产品已在深圳市石油公司的97＃车用无铅汽油中进行了实际应用试验,效果不错。     

一种通过醚化和芳构化反应改质汽油的工艺

一种通过醚化和芳构化反应改质汽油的工艺，先将汽油进行蒸馏，分成轻汽油组分A和重汽油组分B。将轻汽油组分A中的烯烃与醇类进行醚化反应；另外将重汽油组分B进行芳构化反应。将两种反应后的产物进行混合，得到烯烃含量低且辛烷值高的汽油。     

炼油新技术与发展趋势

综述了近几年加氢裂化技术,渣油／重油加工技术,生产高辛烷值汽油新技术,汽、柴油脱硫新技术和应用节能技术等炼油技术及其发展趋势,并对其进行了分析、展望与评述。     

影响车用汽油研究法辛烷值测定的因素浅析

辛烷值是衡量车用汽油质量的重要指标,通过对标准GB/T5487和ASTMD 2699深入理解,以及实际检测的经验积累,逐渐掌握了车用汽油辛烷值的检测技术,本文主要综述影响研究法辛烷值检测的几个重要因素。     

SAPO-11分子筛合成中模板剂的作用

由于SAPO-11分子筛在润滑油基础油异构脱蜡和催化裂化提高汽油辛烷值等方面具有较好的应用前景,因此开发具有高活性和选择性好的SAPO-11分子筛非常重要.采用单胺法、双胺法成功合成了单相SAPO-11分子筛.研究表明,合成条件,如晶化温度和时间、有机模板剂的类型和组成等,都对SAPO-11分子筛的合成有很大影响.     

An Empirical Investigation into the Perception of Vehicle Source Effects

Advertising managers, educators and regulators alike have observed the growth of federal programs mandating the form or content of consumer information disclosures. Although this activity often has been warranted, at times these programs may have had unintended “deceptive” effects. Examples might include the USDA's food grading systems, some of the FTC's corrective advertising activities and certain programs of affirmative disclosure of product information (e.g, gasoline octane ratings and the cigarette health warning). To avoid these problems one must give attention to principles learned from communication and attitude research. Further, such programs will benefit greatly from before-after impact evaluation studies to insure that results correspond with objectives.     

Distributional Effects of Environmental Taxes on Transportation

This article deals with environmental and distributional effects from a differentiated tax system on a set of disaggregated transportation goods. Empirical examination of Norwegian data indicates that higher tax rates on high-pollution luxury modes of transportation such as air flights and taxis reduce inequality and increase environmental quality. Lower tax rates on low-pollution necessities such as buses, bicycles, and mopeds reduce inequality and increase environmental quality. Higher taxesor high-pollution necessities such as gasoline have favourableenvironmental effects, but increase inequality somewhat. Railway passenger transportation appears to be distributionally neutral. In order to interpret the estimates with respect to distributional and environmental concerns, use is made of a theory of distribution effects based on Engel, child, and adult elastricities and a wide range of empirical estimates of environmental hazards from transportation consumption. For different modes of transportation, an analysis is made of emissions per passenger-kilometer and per monetary unit.     

Regional Patterns in Gasoline Station Rationalization in Canada

The number of gasoline stations in Canada fell by 40 % over the 1990s. Over the same period, the industry evolved from a large number of small stations with full service and automotive service bays, to large self serve stations with car washes and convenience stores. Demand and cost related theories of rationalization can explain the nationwide trends, but seem less able to explain city level variation in the timing and magnitude of rationalization. In this paper, we make use of a brand-level panel data set of station counts, shutdowns and characteristics for 12 Canadian cities from 1990 to 2005 to examine the relative importance of different region-level events and changes to the evolution of gasoline retailing. We find that market structure events and regulations are more strongly associated with the shutdown patterns of independent gasoline retailers than refinery-brand stations.     

Is the Retail Gasoline Market Local or National?

This paper studies the effect of station density on prices in the retail gasoline market in the Czech Republic. We estimate the impact of the number of competing stations in various driving-distance ranges around each station on prices. We find that station density has a negative effect on prices; the effect decreases with distance and is statistically significant up to six kilometers. This suggests that the retail gasoline market is local rather than national.     

清洁燃料发展概述

概述了我国汽、柴油质量标准现状及存在的问题并简单介绍了清洁燃料的生产技术.     

Investigating the unobserved heterogeneity in consumers’ sensitivity to the price of gasoline

We empirically examined how gasoline prices impact consumers’ shopping behaviors. Using individual panel data on gasoline transactions, we found that gasoline prices generally have a statistically and economically significant impact. However, our disaggregate analysis indicated that, across consumers, considerable heterogeneity was present in the underlying sensitivity to the price of gasoline and in the income effect, resulting from fluctuating gasoline prices. More interestingly, the significant effect of gasoline prices was largely driven by the consumers with large purchase volume, and consumers with the highest level of gasoline consumption remained almost perfectly insensitive to the price of gasoline. Such heterogeneity is also present in the effect of gasoline prices on grocery expenditures, and notably, consumers with the largest purchase volume were not associated with statistically significant changes in grocery expenditures. Theoretical background suggests that the financial constraints of consumers and primary vehicle use may explain about the differences in responses to gasoline prices. Results based on individual-level data allowed for a comprehensive understanding of how and how much gasoline prices affect consumer behaviors and showed that inelastic gasoline demand and the considerable income effect due to gasoline prices may not best describe the effect of gasoline prices.     

我国环境质量和能源消费的灰色关联分析

经济发展、环境质量和能源消费互相制约。以2003-2008年我国的主要环境质量指标和能源消费指标数据为依据,用灰色关联分析方法对环境质量和能源消费之间的关系进行研究,结果表明煤炭、原油、汽油、煤油和燃料油对环境的污染比电力和柴油大,可以通过优化能源消费结构来改善我国的环境质量。