我国中小企业信用担保体系的法律研究

信用担保是解决中小企业融资难的一种有效手段。我国中小企业信用担保体系己初具规模,但尚不健全。本文从我国中小企业信用担保实践模式入手,指出了在建设中小企业信用担保体系中存在的运行及立法方面的问题。针对这些问题,从法律视角给予了对策分析,提出了中小企业信用担保单行立法的构想,提出了完善我国中小企业信用担保体系的思路和对策。     

韩国发展和完善中小企业信用担保体系的经验及借鉴

中小企业资金不足、融资困难,已成为制约我国中小企业发展的“瓶颈”。加快完善我国信用担保体系,推动信用担保事业的健康发展,已成为我国当务之急。韩国的国情和信用担保体系发展背景与我国较为相似,其发展的成就举世瞩目。通过分析韩国中小企业信用担保体系特点,笔者认为我国应通过加强立法建设,建立担保基金和担保机构风险补偿机制,积极推进担保机构信用能力提升与信息化建设等途径发展和完善我国中小企业信用担保体系。     

韩国发展和完善中小企业信用担保体系的经验及借鉴

中小企业资金不足、融资困难,已成为制约我国中小企业发展的"瓶颈".加快完善我国信用担保体系,推动信用担保事业的健康发展,已成为我国当务之急.韩国的国情和信用担保体系发展背景与我国较为相似,其发展的成就举世瞩目.通过分析韩国中小企业信用担保体系特点,笔者认为我国应通过加强立法建设,建立担保基金和担保机构风险补偿机制,积极推进担保机构信用能力提升与信息化建设等途径发展和完善我国中小企业信用担保体系.     

关于我国中小企业信用体系若干问题的研究

虽然我国中小企业信用担保体系通过近20年的发展,已经取得了很大程度进步,但还存在着很多的问题,主要是缺乏健全的信用担保立法规范,信用担保体系结构不完善,信用社会环境欠缺,担保机构两极化现象严重,资金补偿机制与风险分散机制设计不足等。我国应建立健全的信用担保立法规范,进一步优化信用担保体系结构,改善社会信用环境,规范担保机构运作,完善资金补偿机制与风险分散机制,以此来促进中小企业信用担保体系更好更快的发展。     

完善我国中小企业信用担保法律体系

中小企业信用担保机构缺乏法律的保障和约束以及中小企业融资难仍然存在的现实,急需立法完善我国中小企业信用担保的法律体系。因此,应颁布中小企业信用担保法,明确信用担保机构的准入和业务范围,规定担保放大倍数、限额担保和比例担保等风险控制方法,无限期免税优惠和将现有政府出资的担保机构改组为再担保机构等风险补偿方法以及失信惩罚等。     

中小企业融资信用担保的法律问题及对策研究

信用担保是解决中小企业融资问题的重要途径。我国中小企业信用担保体系在运行过程中暴露出许多亟需完善的问题。要突破中小企业融资瓶颈,我国必须在已有实践的基础上,充分借鉴国外先进经验,尽早出台专门立法来规范中小企业融资中的担保问题,助力于中小企业蓬勃发展,推动我国经济进步。从而在中小企业信用担保行业健康持续发展的同时,能够更大程度的促进中小企业融资的发展。     

中小企业信用担保体系的国际比较及借鉴

建立中小企业信用担保体系是解决中小企业融资难的有效途径之一，中小企业信用担保体系在国外发展迅速，一些国家建立了完善的中小企业信用担保体系，而我国中小企业信用担保体系才初具规模。主要以日本、韩国和美国为例，通过国外中小企业信用担保保体系的比较，分析我国中小企业信用担保体系的不足之处，借鉴国外的成功经验，提出完善我国中小企业信用担保体系的建议。     

浅析我国中小企业融资信用担保体系的法律完善

我国信用担保业起步较晚。由于相关立法不足,严重制约了中小企业信用担保机构的发展。填补我国中小企业信用担保体系法律措施和规范的空白,是解决我国中小企业融资难的重要手段和途径。     

完善我国中小企业信用担保体系思考

提供信用担保是解决中小企业融资难的重要手段.目前我国中小企业信用担保体系中信用担保机构和外部环境存在的不足,为进一步完善我国中小企业信用担保体系,担保机构要加强风险控制和管理、加强个人和企业信用体系建设.     

浅析我国中小企业融资信用担保体系的法律完善

我国信用担保业起步较晚。由于相关立法不足，严重制约了中小企业信用担保机构的发展。填补我国中小企业信用担保体系法律措施和规范的空白，是解决我国中小企业融资难的重要手段和途径。     

关于发展我国担保业的若干思考

担保业在保障资金融通、促进中小企业发展和扶持下岗职工再就业等方面发挥着积极作用,但由于其与财政、银行、企业之间关系尚未理顺以及立法和稳健补偿制度的缺乏,我国担保业在经营中还存在诸多问题,为加快发展我国担保业,必须加强立法,建立政策性担保机构风险补偿制度,特别是要积极发展中小企业互动型担保公司、农民合作信用担保协会和政策性农业保险公司,促进中小企业和“三农”的发展,防范风险并加强监管,将担保业划归保监会统一监管。     

Is the Small Firms Loan Guarantee Scheme Hazardous for Banks or Helpful to Small Business?

Loan guarantee schemes are an integral part of SME policy in both developed and developing countries. Yet little has been done to evaluate such programmes, particularly in terms of their ability to correct for capital market imperfections. This paper uses individual loan data from some 42,000 UK SFLGS backed debt contracts to empirically test the default specification outlined in the seminal credit rationing paper of Stiglitz and Weiss (1981). The results show that default (failure) does increase with the banks cost of capital, but not with the government premium. In addition, default appears to be determined by a whole host of other factors not typically considered in the credit rationing literature.     

Finance for SMEs: A U.K. Perspective

This paper provide an overview of recent trends in the financing of smaller businesses in the U.K. It refers in particular to the findings of a major recent programme of work in this area funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, in which the author participated. This programme included the first national survey to address these issues since the Bolton Report of 1971, as well as a range of projects covering the finance of ethnic businesses and hi-tech firms as well as the market for informal venture capital. On the basis of this work and of the results of more recent follow up surveyors it is concluded that the evidence for general equity or debt gaps in the U.K. is weak. If anything SME funding was too easy in the boom of the late 1980s. It is argued that consideration could be given to the promotion through seedcorn funding of SME co-operative or mutual guarantee schemes to reduce information asymmetry in U.K. credit markets.     

Defaults in bank loans to SMEs during the financial crisis

We investigate the role of (business) collateral and (personal) guarantees alongside small and medium enterprise (SME), lending bank and loan characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, sectors, and geographic locations while controlling for unobserved time effects in predicting default at the peak of the financial crisis. First, we find a positive relation between collateral and default, and a negative relation between guarantees and default. Second, we find a negative relation between the joint influence of collateral and high credit score, and a positive relation between the joint influence of collateral and low credit score and default. We also find a negative relation between the joint influence of guarantees and high credit score. These findings are relevant for SME policies aimed at facilitating access to credit, reducing the cost of borrowing, and decreasing default; risk management of banks; and the application of theories of financial economics in the context of a financial crisis.     

构建和谐医患关系的若干法律问题研究

目前，我国存在的医患之间信任度降低、医患利益保障不均衡、医患纠纷处理机制不健全、立法滞后等问题，严重影响了医患关系的和谐发展。医患和谐一定要走法治之路而非人治之路。构建和谐医患关系的法律保障对策是：重塑诚信法制体系，促进医患和谐；科学建构完善的全民医疗保障制度；创新建立“多元”医患解纷机制；扩大医疗领域立法。推动立法进程。     

Credit granting to small firms: A Brazilian case

Transaction costs limit the supply of credit to small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). From a sample of 65,535 SME credit proposals submitted to a large Brazilian bank between January 2004 and September 2006, this research analyzes credit granting decisions. Results suggest that small firms face credit rationing and that low risk credit contracts with liquid collateral are their primary source of credit. Also, the bank captures private information through its lending relationships with borrowers, which affects its credit granting decisions. The findings reveal that the bank under study faces difficulties in expanding the supply of credit to small firms mainly because of cost, collateral-dependency and constraints due to asymmetric information.     

中小企业融资困境破解——以苏州为例

中小企业的迅猛发展已成为推动我国国民经济发展新的经济增长点。但同时,中小企业的融资困难也日益暴露出来,这一问题已经成为制约我国中小企业发展的＂瓶颈＂,并受到政府和理论界的普遍关注。通过对中小企业融资现状进行分析,指出中小企业间接融资方式单一、直接融资渠道缺乏、信用体系不健全、缺乏相应的法律、法规保障体系和为中小企业服务的金融机构是我国当前中小企业融资难的主要原因,并试图从政策体制、直接融资、间接融资等几个角度出发就如何改善中小企业融资现状,拓宽其融资渠道提出一些对策建议。     

逆向选择视角下信用评分机制与担保机制的效用研究——基于淘宝网的案例分析

文章以淘宝网U盘市场交易数据为样本,对信用评分机制和担保机制进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,信用评分机制和担保机制都有利于减少逆向选择所带来的负面影响。从两种机制对交易效率的影响来看,虽然信用评分机制对网络交易量仍然有显著性的影响,但担保机制对网络交易量的影响要明显大于信用评分机制对网络交易量的影响。从两种机制的相关性来看,尽管从时间和逻辑关系上讲,担保机制后于信用评分机制,但担保机制不能完全替代信用评分的作用,二者之间应该是一种互补的关系。在存在担保机制的情况下,消费者对网络商品的购买选择依然受到信用评分机制的影响。最后,最后文章提出了改进信用评分机制和担保机制的策略建议,以期促进网络交易效率的提高。     

我国中小企业融资现状及对策分析

目前,我国中小企业的融资存在融资成本高、信用体系不健全、融资渠道不规范、在资本市场受到融资歧视等问题。为促进中小企业的良性经营与稳定发展,我国通过增强中小企业内源融资能力、规范民间借贷、完善银企征信体系、利率市场化等方式解决这些问题。此外,政府还应该对目前市场进行补充和修正,如向金融机构提供贷款风险补偿资金,成立服务于中小企业的政策性银行等措施,以达到全面解决中小企业融资困难的目的。