中国城市老年人日常生活自理能力社会经济差异的年龄模式研究

社会经济地位是影响健康和健康不平等最重要的决定因素.大量研究表明,社会经济地位与健康间存在稳定的正向梯度关系,但对这一关系如何随年龄增长的变化趋势却了解得不多.使用2006年中国城乡老年人口状况抽样调查数据,采用双变量分析、Logistic回归模型和集中指数分析了城市老年人日常生活自理能力(ADL)社会经济差异的年龄模式.结果表明,我国城市老年人ADL丧失水平随年龄增长而上升,但ADL丧失的社会经济差异却随着年龄增长而缩小,呈现明显的收敛趋势.研究结果提示,在进入老年阶段之前和老年早期,缩小健康社会经济差异对于推迟日常生活自理能力的丧失非常重要.     

对人口和计划生育综合改革的思考

1开展人口和计划生育综合改革是当前人口和计划生育工作一项十分重要而紧迫的任务 1.1人口形势发生了变化,需要建立能够稳定低生育水平的新机制 新中国成立以来,特别是全面推行计划生育30多年来,我们在经济还不发达的情况下,有效地控制了人口过快增长,使生育水平下降到更替水平以下,实现了人口再生产类型从高出生、低死亡、高增长到低出生、低死亡、低增长的历史性转变,人口和计划生育工作取得了举世瞩目的成就.也就是说,进入新世纪,我国人口和计划生育工作的主要任务将从降低生育水平转移到稳定低生育水平、提高出生人口素质上来.     

家庭自测血压现状与展望

编者按 目前高血压的诊断、分级和目标血压值都依据诊所血压.然而,诊所血压测量存在白大衣效应、观察者偏差和末尾数字偏差,测定舒张压的准确性较差等缺点.此外,诊所测压的次数有限,不能全面反映24小时内作用于心脏和外周循环的实际压力负荷.家庭自测血压的目的是促进、保护、维护人民的健康.     

对人口和计划生育综合改革的思考

1　开展人口和计划生育综合改革是当前人口和计划生育工作一项十分重要而紧迫的任务1.1　人口形势发生了变化 ,需要建立能够稳定低生育水平的新机制新中国成立以来 ,特别是全面推行计划生育 30多年来 ,我们在经济还不发达的情况下 ,有效地控制了人口过快增长 ,使生育水平下降到更替水平以下 ,实现了人口再生产类型从高出生、低死亡、高增长到低出生、低死亡、低增长的历史性转变 ,人口和计划生育工作取得了举世瞩目的成就。也就是说 ,进入新世纪 ,我国人口和计划生育工作的主要任务将从降低生育水平转移到稳定低生育水平、提高出生人口素质…     

江西省区县人口空间分布差异研究——以2000年与2010年为例

根据第五次、第六次全国人口普查和地方年鉴、统计公报资料,以区县为基本研究单位,运用mapinfo地理软件对江西省2000年、2010年的人口空间上的特征和差异进行了分析与研究,并运用全省人口分布于社会经济发展的情况进行了相关的统计分析。研究表明,江西省人口在空间上的差异分布明显;总体发展呈现由南向北趋势;人口密度的大小与经济发展水平的高低在地域空间上具有较好的一致性。     

新时期大学生体育消费发展研究

随着我国经济的增长,人们的生活水平日益提高。当代人民在随求生活质量的同时对健康意识的重视也是越来越明显,体育消费在整体消费中的占比越来越大。新时期大学生作为体育消费的重要人群,是体育消费不可或缺的一部分,对体育消费的发展研究有着重大的意义。     

中国一孩到二孩生育间隔分析

从时期、队列角度分析了我国二孩生育间隔分布的历史性变动,显示出计划生育政策实施前后主流二孩生育间隔的重大差异,同时显示出1940-1970年间出生的妇女,随出生队列后移,生育二孩的概率逐渐降低,完成二孩生育的进度更加缓慢,且存在较明显的城乡、民族、地区、文化程度和一孩性别的差异.提供了近十年二孩生育间隔结构变动的新特征,显示出80后二孩生育行为的转变,为理解新时期二孩生育行为提供了参考.     

长三角地区林产品出口贸易效率和潜力研究——基于随机前沿引力模型的分析

基于2000-2019年长三角地区与出口额排名前20国家的面板数据，本文采用随机前沿引力模型实证分析了长三角地区林产品出口贸易的影响因素，并测度其贸易效率及贸易潜力。研究结果表明，2000-2019年长三角地区林产品出口发展迅速，出口额不断扩大，出口主要集中于亚洲和美洲的国家和地区；进出口地区人口规模、进口国家森林面积、是否为内陆国家等指标是影响林产品出口的主要因素；长三角地区对不同国家的林产品出口贸易效率均低于0.50，总体呈上升趋势，且存在显著区域差异；林产品出口贸易潜力逐年增长，贸易受阻但仍有较大的拓展增长空间。最后，本文对进一步提高长三角地区林产品出口经济效益和扩大国际市场等方面提出相应对策。     

中国人口出生性别比的空间计量分析

利用中国2000年人口普查数据中各省市的人口出生性别比数据,定量检验了经济、教育、医疗及计划生育政策等因素对人口出生性别比的影响.人口出生性别比在地理上存在集聚现象,空间地理因素对其影响显著;教育和医疗水平对出生性别比的直接影响较小,但它们会通过空间地理因素、经济和计划生育政策等因素间接影响出生性别比.计划生育政策对人口出生性别比的影响最显著.经济及医疗水平越高出生性别比越低,教育水平越高出生性别比越高.计划生育政策越宽松出生性别比越低.     

人口统计学红利

在人口统计数据变动的早期,即最年轻和最衰老的人群大幅度增加时,经济增长将受损。而“人口统计学红利”只在中间阶段出现,即人的盛年阶段。发展形势良好的国家可以获得劳动人口比例增长的好处。     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Healthy Investments in Investing in Health

This article discusses socially responsible investing (SRI) and tobacco. SRI allows investors, both institutional and individual, to express their concerns and make their social and ethical stands known to the companies they invest in and patronize. The tobacco industry is active in every country on the globe and generates huge profits, while tobacco use is responsible for 4 million deaths every year.The authors explore past and current views on investment in tobacco, partly based on a survey conducted by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is clearly a trend toward divestment from tobacco for both ethical and financial reasons. Tobacco-free investments can be both ethically sound and financially profitable.     

Developments in Consumer Protection in India

This paper surveys the major developments in the field of consumer protection in India since 1984, when the statutory provisions for regulating unfair trade practices were incorporated for the first time.Among the developments described in the paper is the strengthening of provisions for consumer protection through amendments to the Act regulating restrictive and monopolistic trade practices (the MTRP Act). Public-sector undertakings and co-operative societies have been brought within the purview of the Act, and consumers have obtained the right to participate in inquiry proceedings before the MRTP Commission.Consumers and their associations have been given the right to seek redress of grievances arising out of the violation of certain pieces of legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in order to provide speedy and inexpensive redress of consumers' grievances. Redress can now be sought before any consumer court also for negligence or deficiency in medical services.The Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, has strengthened the measures for the standardisation and quality control of manufactured goods.A Consumer Welfare Fund has been set up to provide financial assistance to voluntary consumer organisations and for the general development of consumer movement in the country. A spurt in voluntary consumer organisations in different parts of the country can also be observed.Other developments include the establishment of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in the Union Government and the setting up of a Consumer Product Testing Laboratory.     

关于我国资产证券化若干问题的探讨

资产证券化是一项复杂的金融工具创新,引进和实施这种新型的融资工具需要大量的配套工作。我国实施资产证券化需要解决特设机构的设立、基础资产的选择、破产隔离、信用增级、会计处理、税收政策以及立法和监管等方面的问题。     

Economic Keywords in 2007 in China

RMB exchange rate The exchange rate of Renminbi,the Chinese currency, witnessed an appreciation of around six percent to one U.S. dollar this year. On December 13, the central parity rate stood at RMB 7.3568 against one dollar,according to the Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading System, breaking the 7.36 mark.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

粤北山区砖园仓储粮机械通风应用研究

在砖园仓机械通风应用试验中,正确运用理论计算,精确得出通风技术数据,依此设计通风系统,结果表明：在实仓运行中,检测的主要技术参数和设计值基本相符,经136h通风,粮温从38℃降至13℃,吨粮降温耗电0.011℃,降温好、电耗低,证明设计方法正确,符合南方稻谷产区,解决了基层普遍存在的砖园仓机械通风盲目设计问题,为规范设计作出了示范,验证了粮层压力正确计算方法。     

Recent advances in reinforcement learning in finance

The rapid changes in the finance industry due to the increasing amount of data have revolutionized the techniques on data processing and data analysis and brought new theoretical and computational challenges. In contrast to classical stochastic control theory and other analytical approaches for solving financial decision-making problems that heavily reply on model assumptions, new developments from reinforcement learning (RL) are able to make full use of the large amount of financial data with fewer model assumptions and to improve decisions in complex financial environments. This survey paper aims to review the recent developments and use of RL approaches in finance. We give an introduction to Markov decision processes, which is the setting for many of the commonly used RL approaches. Various algorithms are then introduced with a focus on value- and policy-based methods that do not require any model assumptions. Connections are made with neural networks to extend the framework to encompass deep RL algorithms. We then discuss in detail the application of these RL algorithms in a variety of decision-making problems in finance, including optimal execution, portfolio optimization, option pricing and hedging, market making, smart order routing, and robo-advising. Our survey concludes by pointing out a few possible future directions for research.