跨国公司研发活动全球化的成因、策略与组织形式选择分析

主要分析了跨国公司研发活动全球化的成因、发展策略以及组织形式选择。一个重要观点是,假设跨国公司研发活动的组织形式依赖于东道国的投资环境(尤其是法律环境);东道国政府能够通过跨国公司研发活动的外溢促进本国经济发展。但同时,当东道国努力改善跨国公司的投资环境,以吸引促进本国经济增长的投资时,跨国公司则可能采取不利于东道国学习的组织形式。     

跨国公司社会责任问题思考

随着经济的全球化，跨国公司对东道国经济发展起到了日益重要的作用，但跨国公司也给东道国带来了环保、资源、劳工的问题。跨国公司社会责任问题也逐渐成为理论界的热点话题，本分析了跨国公司承担社会责任的原因、理论争论，跨国公司社会责任的各种标准和东道国应采取的措施。     

跨国公司内部贸易对我国的影响及对策

本文首先从跨国公司内部贸易的动机开始,其次说明对外直接投资总量、经济发展水平、产业差异对跨国公司内部贸易的影响。分析跨国公司内部贸易的发展所产生的负面影响,不但损害东道国的经济利益,而且阻碍了东道国引进先进技术的步伐,降低了产业关联效应,并模糊了国际贸易关系。     

论东道国产业集群与跨国公司的直接投资:相互影响及政策建议

东道国产业集群的快速发展对跨国公司的直接投资产生了重大的影响,使得跨国公司获得了直接投资的协同竞争效应、建立了跨国公司直接投资新的区位优势、提升了跨国公司对区外出口的竞争力并且改善了跨国公司子公司在东道国的经营绩效。与此同时,跨国公司对东道国产业集群的直接投资也推动了当地集群的升级、集群治理结构的优化并整固了东道国集群的植根性。最后,本文提出了吸引跨国公司直接投资推动我国产业集群发展的具体政策建议。     

跨国公司对我国经济安全的威胁与对策

全球化背景下的跨国公司既有促进东道国经济发展的一面 ,同时又有强烈的异国色彩。随着我国开放程度的提高 ,跨国公司对我国的投资出现了很多新变化 ,并可能对我国经济安全造成更为严重的影响 ,我们必须采取以法律手段对跨国公司进行规制、大力增强国内企业的竞争实力、强化政府监管与服务职能等措施确保我国经济安全 ,最终实现跨国公司的发展与我国及各地方经济发展相统一     

跨国公司的政治行为及对策研究

政治行为是跨国公司广为运用的非市场战略之一,跨国公司的政治角色受到越来越多的关注。跨国公司在全球范围内广泛地实施政治行为,对东道国的政治经济产生了重要的影响。跨国公司政治行为的动机复杂、方式多样、影响广泛,管理跨国公司政治行为是东道国政府面临的重大挑战。东道国政府应该充分理解、客观评估跨国公司的政治行为,通过制度建设和人才培养提高监管能力。     

谈跨国公司与东道国的双赢战略选择

以往跨国公司在国外的投资都是以一种强权的姿态来面对东道国,采用的是剥削者式的手段。如今世界经济的一体化,使跨国公司与东道国双方都明白了双赢才是大家追求的目标。本文分别从东道国和跨国公司两个角度来谈双方为获得双赢结局所采取的战略:东道国主要是在政策法规上的开放让跨国公司受益,跨国公司则主要是利用自身优越资源让东道国受益。双方如能同时做到上述要求,则双赢不是妄想。     

跨国公司转移定价的动因和影响

随着世界经济的发展,国际市场竞争日益加剧,转移定价逐渐成为跨国公司扩大企业总体利益,追求利润最大化的手段,但却给东道国造成了一定危害。文章就跨国公司转移定价的动机及对我国经济发展的危害进行了探究。     

引进跨国公司研发中心的政策研究

本文以跨国公司向海外研发投资问题为主要研究对象,分析了东道国吸引跨国公司研发中心的决定因素。文章采用了一些美国跨国公司海外研发投资的数据,对影响跨国公司在海外建立研发中心的因素展开了实证研究。结果表明:东道国的国内生产总值,东道国的基础设施和技术资源是影响跨国公司研发投资选择建立研发中心的关键因素,并提出了引进跨国公司研发中心的具体政策建议。     

跨国公司与东道国政府之间的博弈

目前大型跨国公司在海外发展的过程中,凭借自身雄厚的实力,常常在东道国形成垄断地位,并且时有不规范经营的行为出现,有的甚至威胁到东道国的经济主权。本文从博弈论的角度对跨国公司和东道国政府的利益冲突进行了分析,并就其结果对东道国政府如何规范跨国公司的经营提出了建议。     

MNCs,Technological Innovation and Regional Systems in the EU: Some Evidence in the Italian Case

The increasing appreciation of the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the generation of technology across national boundaries has been facilitated by the recent trend for MNCs to establish internal and external networks for innovation. The development of cross-border corporate integration and intra-border inter-company sectoral integration makes it increasingly important to examine where and how innovative activity by MNCs is internationally dispersed and regionally concentrated. By using patents granted to the largest industrial firms for innovation located abroad-arranged by the host region-we test the nature of the relationship between the foreign-owned and the indigenous company profiles of technological specialisation in the Italian regions. We argue the MNC networks for innovation in Europe conform to a geographical hierarchy of regional centres. Accordingly, the technological specialisation of foreign-owned affiliates in different regional locations depends upon the position of the region in the hierarchy, i.e. whether the regional system is at the top of the hierarchy (higher order location) or is a lower order regional centre.     

FDI与生产率增长不确定性:国外研究进展

理论研究认为国际贸易和FDI可以通过示范/模仿、劳动力流动、出口、竞争,以及MNEs与东道国企业之间前向和后向关联等五种渠道产生生产率外溢效应,而技术差距及东道国吸收能力、区域效应、东道国企业特征、FDI特性和经济发展水平等又是影响是否有外溢效应及效应大小的几类典型因素。问题是在这些渠道中发挥作用的因素及因素之间的影响方向此消彼长,使得总体效应具有明显地不确定性,理论模型也因此从一般均衡分析向局部均衡分析发展,但一般性外溢机制仍然是未解之谜。因此,更加微观的行业、地区分析和实证检验或许才是未来的方向。     

Corporate name change: Investigating South African multinational corporations' postacquisition performance

It has long been argued a multinational corporation (MNC) needs to be able to leverage the firm‐specific advantages to overcome the liability of foreignness in the host markets so the MNC can enjoy the benefit of internationalization while competing with the indigenous firms in the host market. However, emerging‐market MNCs, which have the nontraditional ownership advantages, such as flexibility and cost‐advantage, may require different international strategies to realize the anticipated profit in their cross‐border acquisitions. This article takes an organizational identity approach to study how the foreign identity of South African MNCs constitutes the source of liability and negatively impacts their postacquisition performance. We find South African MNCs that adopted a corporate name change for their acquired subsidiaries experienced worse postacquisition return on asset than the South African MNCs who did not do so. On the other hand, facing a large economic distance, South African MNCs that facilitate the acquired subsidiary corporate name change enjoy better postacquisition performance.     

Determining investment size and local embeddedness under host market uncertainty and growth rates

This study employs a growth options perspective to examine how multinational corporations (MNCs) design their investment attributes under the influence of host market uncertainty and growth rates. It specifically examines MNCs’ decisions on investment size and local embeddedness under host market conditions. Using data on Korean overseas manufacturing subsidiaries, we find that MNCs choose either more-local-embedded small investments or less-locally-embedded large investments under high demand uncertainty and GDP growth rates. We also find that this choice is moderated by host market political risk and competition. Our findings imply that MNCs consider both uncertainty-driven flexibility and growth rate-induced commitment when selecting international investment modes. This consideration allows MNCs to gain flexibility as well as an enhanced ability to expand in the future. This study contributes to the literature on real options and entry modes in the international business area by showing how host market conditions and investment decisions are related.     

German Investment in Ireland and in the Central and East European Countries

The accession of Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) to the EU is expected by many to lead to the diversion of foreign direct investment towards the CEECs and away from other EU countries. The following paper focuses on the investigation of the internationalisation strategies and location choices of German multinational corporations (MNCs) in manufacturing against the background of growing regional economic integration, and particularly the fifth EU enlargement. It draws on the findings of a case study and interview results covering three German MNCs and their location choices for investment in both Ireland and the new EU member countries from Eastern Europe. This research project has been co-funded by the RIA in Dublin and DAAD. A first version of this work was presented at the September 2005 Irish Academy of Management Annual Conference in Galway.     

Managing Corporate Networks from America to China

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are making a major contribution to China's economic development. This analysis examines how eight prominent American MNCs are handling the process of linking the management of their China joint ventures into their global structures. It looks at how the MNCs are addressing the tensions that arise between maintaining control in terms of their worldwide standards while attempting simultaneously to adapt to the complex and dynamic environment of China. The reconciliation of these requirements depends on a relatively few focal actors, who are located at critical interfaces within the MNCs' internal networks between the China joint ventures and the corporate level.     

独资与合资方式的技术溢出效果比较

对外直接投资技术溢出效应对发展中国家经济发展十分重要,跨国公司投资方式不同对技术溢出效应会有明显差异。已有的研究认为合资在东道国的技术溢出比独资好,但是本文的实证研究表明,不论短期还是长期分析,独资比合资在我国的技术溢出效果更好。中国的改革开放演进使跨国公司战略调整和东道国经济基础发展更有利于独资方式技术溢出效果的显现,这种技术溢出效果差异是通过影响技术溢出机制和渠道的作用而产生的。     

How have Japanese multinational companies changed? Competitiveness,management and subsidiaries

Evidence on the strategies and capabilities of Japanese multinational companies (MNCs) and their subsidiaries points to aspects of established management practices (typically home-grown) that complicate or inhibit adaptation to the demands of global competition since the 1990s. Japanese MNCs have had to respond, amongst other trends, to the switch from production to buyer-driven global value chains, cross-border vertical specialization, global factory strategies and strategic alliances and cooperative relationships. Amongst the factors that might affect the ability of Japanese MNCs to make competitive and organizational transitions are: parental MNC intent and capability in the cross-border transfer of management practices; the impact of host country risk on investment, ownership and entry strategies; measures of institutional difference and the gap in economic development between home and host nations; parent firm–subsidiary and subsidiary–subsidiary power relations and knowledge boundaries; and the evolution of insider networks that might overcome institutional and cultural distances within an MNC.     

MNC Strategic Responses to Ethical Pressure: An Institutional Logic Perspective

In this study, we aim to investigate how multinational corporations (MNCs) balance ethical pressures from both the home and host countries. Drawing on theories from institutional theory, international business, and business ethics, we build a theoretical framework to explain the ethical behavior of MNCs. We apply the institutional logic concept to examine how MNCs with established logics and principles that have grown in the home country respond to local ethical expectations in the host country. We differentiate the core values from the peripheral components of a MNC’s institutional logic and propose that a MNC will pursue distinctive ethical strategies under different scenarios and choose the “right” configuration of core values and peripheral components that align with institutional environment in host countries.     

区域物流业发展研究——以广东省佛山市三水区为例

区域经济的发展依赖于区域物流业的发展,本文以广东省佛山市三水区为例来研究区域物流的发展对区域经济发展的作用。从三水区物流业发展的现状及问题出发,提出了区域物流业发展的战略及对策。