我国制造业FDI对吸引服务业FDI的影响研究

随着服务业对华投资规模的日益扩大,影响其投资规模的因素研究成为越来越多的学者研究的重点,从服务业FDI随制造业对外直接投资的协同转移角度出发,并利用面板数据对其进行实证分析,得出了制造业FDI规模对于服务业对华转移有着显著的正效应,而且生产性服务行业受制造业对华直接投资的影响更为显著的结论。     

日本对华制造业FDI对中日制成品产业内贸易影响的实证分析

通过对日本对华制造业FDI与中日制成品产业内贸易关系的实证分析,得出了日本对华制造业投资对中日制成品产业内贸易具有正向推动作用的结论.基于此,我国应加大力度吸引日本制造业对华投资,以加快发展我国的制成品产业内贸易,这无疑有利于我国产业结构和贸易结构的升级,也有利于改善我国在国际分工中的地位.     

基于威尔逊系数的我国制造业收入差距与FDI关系探讨

改革开放以来,尤其是加入WTO以来,中国经济快速稳定发展,投资环境日趋完善,吸引外商直接投资(FDI)逐年增加。与此同时,中国的地区间、城乡间和行业间的收入差距也在不断拉大。在吸引外资的众多行业中,制造业是其中率先开放的行业,也是吸引外商直接投资最活跃的领域。在制造业引进外资并获得快速扩张的同时,制造业收入差距会更直接更显著地受FDI影响。所以研究外商直接投资对制造业收入①水平的变化、对制造业的行业内部收入差距变化以及整个经济福利变化的影响,具有理论与现实的意义。本文使用威尔逊系数探讨制造业收入差距问题,发现FDI的持续投入会使制造业收入差距呈倒U变化趋势,通过分析得出从长期来看FDI对制造业收入差距具有缩小作用的结论。     

FDI对中国服务业的影响及发展趋势分析

本文在研究国际直接投资理论的基础上,分析了FDI进入我国服务业所产生的有利影响和不利影响;并根据FDI目前进入我国服务业的投资主体、行业等具体情况,预测我国服务业国际直接投资未来的发展趋势。     

地区产业结构差异对外商直接投资区位选择的影响

随着外商对华投资规模、技术含量的提高,FDI对于投资地的选择,越来越受到当地产业结构的影响。与此相适应的是人力资本和服务业发展水平的重要性日趋提高,并对FDI的流向产生直接的影响。本文通过使用我国1992～2001年沿海10省市的相关数据分析认为,一个地区产业集中度的高低显著影响外商投资的区位选择,跨国公司决定向一个地区投资后往往选择该地区具有比较优势、集中度高的行业作为投资方向,且只有当该地区的产业集聚优势与外资的比较优势相一致时,外资才会进入。     

生产者服务业FDI追逐制造业FDI吗?

借助于VEC模型,以1988—2006年美国对中国的直接投资数据,检验生产者服务业FDI与制造业FDI之间的关系,结果表明,流入东道国的制造业FDI明显受到来自母国的生产者服务业FDI的追逐。加入其他控制变量的进一步研究发现,生产者服务业FDI对制造业FDI的追逐性依然显著,东道国的经济规模是生产者服务业FDI区位选择的又一重要因素,限制措施能够直接而有效地调节生产者服务业FDI的流入,来自美国的生产者服务业FDI尚未形成集聚效应,生产者服务业FDI对工资水平、服务业发展水平和基础设施水平均不敏感。     

中国参与产品内国际分工与FDI关系的实证分析

跨国公司在全球的迅速扩张使得发展中国家逐渐融入了全球分工体系之中。FDI作为跨国公司主要的投资方式之一,其进入东道国的动机多种多样。不同类型的FDI在促进东道国融入世界分工体系的效应方面也不尽相同,就中国参与产品内国际分工的程度与FDI之间的关系进行了实证分析。流入中国的FDI类型极大的提升了中国参与产品内国际分工的程度。     

FDI与外包的技术溢出效应比较——中国制造业产品内分工的东道国视角

FDI和外包两种产品内分工方式为我国制造业嵌入全球价值链提供了两种有效渠道,但在技术溢出方面存在差异。本文利用投入产出表和FDI数据,在利用C-D生产函数的基础上,选取了19个中国制造业的面板数据,验证了这一差异。结果表明:我国在承接外包中所获取的技术溢出效应要远高于吸收FDI带来的技术溢出效应,且不论哪种方式,资本密集型行业都比劳动密集型行业的技术溢出效应显著。     

国外对华反倾销措施效果评价的实证研究

中国是被反倾销调查和采取最终措施的最大国。比较反倾销强度指数证明,中国在美国市场的出口份额强烈地受到美国反倾销行动的影响,但美国在世界出口市场份额则较少受到他国反倾销的影响,美国是影响中国贸易救济的最大因素。美、欧对华提起反倾销诉讼对他国具有示范效应。中国应积极谋求世贸组织剔除其非市场经济地位,重视反倾销对称性并积极应诉,通过行业协调和调整出口导向,促使进出口内外均衡与结构合理,以减少反倾销措施的不利影响。     

湖北省制造业FDI后向技术溢出效应的实证研究

利用扩展的C-D生产函数构建外商直接投资后向技术溢出效应的模型,运用2007年中国投入产出表和2006—2010年湖北省制造业30个不同行业的面板数据,对外商直接投资的后向技术溢出进行了实证检验。结果表明:湖北省制造业FDI存在显著为正的后向技术溢出效应和显著为正的行业内技术溢出效应。     

美国对华直接投资的经济增长效应分析

自改革开放以来,我国利用外资取得了举世瞩目的成就。而随着外资规模的扩大和外商投资领域的拓宽,这股力量对我国的经济发展产生了越来越大的影响。美国对华直接投资是这股力量中的重要组成部分,而且与其他来源国的跨国资本相比,美资企业具有生产技术先进、管理水平高和单个项目投资规模大等特点。因此,本文在分析外商对华投资总体影响的基础上,着重探讨了美国对华投资对我国经济增长的影响。计量分析结果表明,国外资本的进入,对我国的长期经济增长会产生显著的促进作用,但美资进入却呈现出相反的效果:其在我国国内资本形成中所占比例的增长率每提高1个百分点,我国人均GDP的增长率将下降0.095个百分点。     

Chinese foreign direct investment in the United States: Location choice determinants and strategic implications for the State of Indiana

Identifying the unique U.S. state-level factors that more often give rise to Chinese firm-led investment is the central focus of this article. Looking at Chinese investment in the United States between 2007 and 2011, this article (1) explores the determinants underlying the locational choices of Chinese firms, (2) seeks to understand why some U.S. states receive relatively greater amounts of investment from China, (3) assesses whether prior trends are likely to continue into the future; and—perhaps most importantly—(4) seeks to identify what (if anything) the state of Indiana can do to better position itself to capture greater amounts of Chinese investment moving forward. We recommend the following actions for the state of Indiana: (1) firm targeting—Indiana is a prime FDI target for private, firm-led, greenfield investment; (2) differentiation— Indiana has distinct advantages over other locations in the Midwest; (3) promotions—trade missions and overseas office locations are investments, not costs; (4) investments in relationships—cultural sensitivity and friendship make the difference.     

Firm heterogeneity and location choice of Taiwanese multinationals

This paper examines the extent to which production location decisions of Taiwanese multinationals reflect underlying patterns of firm productivity. In our theoretical model, heterogeneous firms in a middle-income country decide on the optimal production locations for serving three geographically separate markets: domestic, foreign high-income and foreign low-income. The model shows that the equilibrium decision of a firm depends on the fixed investment costs of establishing foreign subsidiaries, production costs, transportation costs, market size and its own productivity level.

Using firm-level data in 2000, Taiwanese electronics firms are divided into four different categories: non-FDI, investors in China only, investors in the U.S. only, investors in both China and the U.S. We use a multinomial logit model to link firms' location choices with their productivity, controlling for country, industry and other firm characteristics. Our empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. We show that more productive firms engage in outward FDI, with the most productive ones investing in both China and the U.S. We also provide evidence indicating that Taiwanese multinationals investing only in the U.S. are more productive than those investing exclusively in China due to smaller fixed investment costs in China relative to the U.S.     

Firm heterogeneity and location choice of Taiwanese multinationals

This paper examines the extent to which production location decisions of Taiwanese multinationals reflect underlying patterns of firm productivity. In our theoretical model, heterogeneous firms in a middle-income country decide on the optimal production locations for serving three geographically separate markets: domestic, foreign high-income and foreign low-income. The model shows that the equilibrium decision of a firm depends on the fixed investment costs of establishing foreign subsidiaries, production costs, transportation costs, market size and its own productivity level.Using firm-level data in 2000, Taiwanese electronics firms are divided into four different categories: non-FDI, investors in China only, investors in the U.S. only, investors in both China and the U.S. We use a multinomial logit model to link firms' location choices with their productivity, controlling for country, industry and other firm characteristics. Our empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. We show that more productive firms engage in outward FDI, with the most productive ones investing in both China and the U.S. We also provide evidence indicating that Taiwanese multinationals investing only in the U.S. are more productive than those investing exclusively in China due to smaller fixed investment costs in China relative to the U.S.     

人民币汇率对FDI的影响——基于VAR模型的动态分析

运用协整关系、误差修正模型实证研究了1980年～2009年人民币双边实际汇率对外商直接投资(以下简称FDI)流入的影响。研究结果表明:长期来看,人民币对美元升值不仅不会导致FDI流入的减少,反而能够促进FDI流入的增加;中国的开放度和政策稳定性使FDI流入呈现为显著的正向影响。     

How does FDI inflow affect productivity of domestic firms? The role of horizontal and vertical spillovers,absorptive capacity and competition

This paper examines the existence of externalities associated with foreign direct investment (FDI) in a host country by exploiting firm-level panel data covering the Polish corporate sector. We distinguish between horizontal spillovers (from foreign to domestic firms operating in the same industry) and two types of vertical spillovers: backward (from FDI in downstream industries) and forward spillovers (from FDI in upstream industries). The main findings are as follows. Local firms benefit from foreign presence in the same industry and in downstream industries. The absorptive capacity of domestic firms is highly relevant to the size of spillovers: vertical spillovers are larger for R&D-intensive firms, while firms investing in other (external) types of intangibles benefit more from horizontal spillovers. Competitive pressure facilitates backward spillovers, while market power increases the extent of forward spillovers. Horizontal spillovers are particularly strong in services, while the remaining results, including backward spillovers and the role of absorptive capacity and competition, are mainly driven by manufacturing. Host country equity participation in foreign firms is consistent with higher unconditional productivity spillovers to domestic firms. A number of robustness checks yield results qualitatively similar to those obtained in the baseline specification.     

The role of corporate governance in FDI decisions: Evidence from Taiwan

There has been a considerable literature on the determinants of why firms undertake foreign direct investment (FDI), but very little on whether firms with different governance characteristics are more or less likely to venture overseas. For example, are family-controlled firms more predisposed to FDI than firms, with similar attributes, but different forms of ownership? Does the presence of institutional shareholders suggest a greater propensity to invest abroad? Does the composition of the Board of Directors have an impact? Most extant studies of corporate governance focus on the impact of governance factors on firm performance. However, these performance outcomes are a function of the strategic decisions made by the firms, which suggests it might be useful to consider the relationship between corporate governance factors and particular strategic decisions. One example is the decision to undertake foreign direct investment. The two main strands of IB literature on the determinants of FDI have little or nothing to say about how corporate governance factors might affect the FDI decision. Both internalisation theory and the resource-based view see FDI primarily as a means by which firms can appropriate rents in overseas markets from the exploitation of their idiosyncratic resources and capabilities. This paper extends this literature by investigating the effects of governance factors on the decision to undertake FDI. In particular, we want to assess the impact upon the FDI decision of (a) the extent of family control, (b) the presence of domestic and foreign institutional shareholders, and (c) the composition of the Board of Directors. We investigate these effects using a sample of 228 publicly listed firms in Taiwan, and our results clearly indicate that family control and share ownership by domestic financial institutions in Taiwanese firms are associated with the decision to undertake FDI. We also find that corporate governance impacts in different ways with regard to Taiwanese FDI in China in comparison to Taiwanese FDI in the rest of the world.     

The sensitivity of U.S. multinational enterprises to political and macroeconomic uncertainty: A sectoral analysis

This paper confronts two alternative approaches for explaining U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) pattern in developing countries. According to the real options (RO) approach, FDI in capital-intensive industries should be particularly deterred by political and macroeconomic uncertainty. On the other hand, the supply chain risk management (SCRM) approach puts forward that multinational enterprises in vertically integrated industries are unlikely to locate their foreign activities in risky countries. Thanks to the use of sectoral data, it is demonstrated that the SCRM approach explains much better the pattern of U.S. FDI in developing countries than the RO approach.     

从FDI看美国经济波动对我国经济增长的影响——基于广义脉冲响应函数法的实证研究

随着我国对外开放的不断发展,外国直接投资已成为他国经济波动影响我国经济增长的一个重要经济变量。本文运用基于VAR模型的广义脉冲响应函数法与方差分解法,从美对华直接投资的角度考察了美国经济波动对我国经济增长的长期动态影响特征。冲击响应分析结果表明,我国经济受美国经济冲击比美国经济受我国经济冲击的强度更大且时间更持久;方差分解结果显示我国经济对美国经济的贡献大于美国经济对我国经济的贡献。     

FDI,market signal and financing constraints of firms in China

On the basis of an augmented Euler equation, we use firm survey data provided by the World Bank to investigate the impact of FDI (foreign direct investment) on the financing constraints of firms in China. First we calculate the forward and backward linkages of FDI. Then through empirical estimation, we find that only private firms have financing constraints and that the incoming FDI alleviates this situation. Private firms with more foreign capital shares or having stronger vertical linkage with FDI can get financial resources easily. Furthermore, industries hosting a large amount of FDI are favorite clients of the financial institutions because they are usually much more competitive in the world. As a result, the private firms in these industries also have easier access to financial resources. In the financial market, FDI is a helping hand that reduces the information asymmetry between firms and financial institutions. Financial resources go where FDI goes, which to some extent improves the allocation efficiency.