基于载波相位的室内AoA/ToF联合定位

当前室内定位的主流方法是基于信道状态信息（Channel State Information,CSI）的AoA/ToF（Angle of Arrival/Time of Flight）联合定位,由于天线数量和带宽的限制,导致其特征参数存在误差。为此,结合CSI中细粒度和多样化的载波相位信息,提出了一种基于载波相位的室内AoA/ToF联合定位算法。首先,基于载波相位和ToF信息构造载波相位定位模型,实现目标初始定位;然后,利用LAMBDA（Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelated Adjustment）算法消除整周模糊,实现基于载波相位的AoA/ToF联合定位算法,得到目标精确位置;最后,推导了算法定位精度的标准差。通过实验分析了不同参数对定位性能的影响,结果显示,该算法定位精度优于AoA/ToF联合定位,当接收机在用户周围均匀分布时定位性能较好,且基本不受载波相位测量误差的影响,因此具有更好的鲁棒性。     

联合V2X通信和最小跳数距离的车辆定位方法

针对传统V2X定位方法定位成功率及定位精度较低的问题,提出了一种联合V2X通信和最小跳数距离的车辆定位方法。车辆利用最小跳数距离估算自身与通信范围外辅助节点间的相对距离,并利用路径相似度因子最高的辅助节点对该误差进行补偿,从而改善定位性能受通信距离约束的局限性。同时,综合考虑距离、辅助节点类型对定位性能的影响,利用加权最小二乘法对车辆位置坐标进行解算,提升定位的精度。仿真结果表明,所提定位方法与V2X定位方法相比,在定位成功率及定位精度方面分别提升38.6%和12.5%,具有一定的应用价值。     

场面多点定位信号处理独立性的实现

大型机场的场面多点定位（MLAT）系统具有接收站布局复杂和非视距（NLOS）传播严重的特点,为了选择最佳定位站点组合和消除NLOS对目标定位的影响,需要提供一个目标的估计位置。以往采用目标前次定位位置的方式存在将前次定位误差引入到当次目标信号处理中的缺陷。为了实现多点定位系统对目标当次信号处理的独立性,采用一种基于最优水平精度因子（HDOP）的目标位置估算方法,利用当次测量达到时间（TOA）信息,基于最优HDOP,通过快速优选、位置一致性判定和优化站点等方法,快速估计出目标当次二维位置,数据处理系统利用当次目标估计位置完成最佳站点组合选择和NLOS处理。仿真测试和机场场面真实数据测试验证了该方法的可行性,同时表明利用该方法提高了多点定位系统的定位连续性和定位精度。     

基于改进指纹聚类的WLAN定位优化方法

将K-means聚类算法应用到无线局域网（WLAN）位置指纹定位中，虽然可以缩短定位时间，但是容易降低定位精度。为了解决此问题，提出了基于改进指纹聚类的WLAN定位优化方法。首先根据接收信号强度标准差来优化初始聚类中心的选取,然后对指纹数据进行聚类处理,最后进行在线定位。实验结果表明，与传统的WLAN位置指纹定位方法和K-means聚类定位方法相比，基于改进指纹聚类的定位优化方法不仅缩短了定位时间，还能有效提高定位精度。     

一种改进的RSSI测距定位算法

针对接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indication,RSSI)定位模型易受环境影响导致测距误差较大的问题，提出了采用天牛须搜索(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)优化后向传播（Back Propagation，BP）神经网络拟合测距模型，克服了对数衰减模型易受环境干扰、参数取经验值等问题。首先，利用卡尔曼滤波对RSSI值进行校正，将校正后的数据输入BAS-BP网络拟合出测距模型并通过测距模型输出距离值；然后，利用极大似然估计法求解未知节点的坐标。实验结果表明，与BP模型和粒子群优化的BP模型相比，改进方法收敛速度快，定位精度提高更加明显。     

一种稀疏重建的多基地雷达多目标定位算法

采用距离和信息的多基地雷达多目标投影定位算法中，距离向脉冲压缩后分辨率降低，需要已知空间中目标个数。针对此问题，提出了一种稀疏重建的多基地雷达多目标定位方法。该方法利用多个接收机中目标稀疏度相同的特点，通过构造平均重构残余误差变化率和平均散射系数变化率作为正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法迭代终止判定条件，自适应地终止OMP算法的同时获得稀疏重建信号以及信号稀疏度的估计值，提高了距离向分辨率，获得了对空间中目标个数的估计。仿真实验表明所提算法有效抑制了距离向主瓣展宽和旁瓣串扰，提高了距离向分辨率。同时，所提算法在不同噪声环境下能准确估计空间中目标个数并提取其空间位置，实现对空间中目标的准确定位。     

多校准站TDOA/FDOA无源定位方法

针对运动目标到达时差（Time Difference-of-Arrival,TDOA）/到达频差（Frequency Difference-of-Arrival,FDOA）定位中的接收站定位误差问题,提出了基于多校准站的TDOA/FDOA定位方法,有效降低接收站定位误差的影响,并推导了该方法的克拉美罗下限（Cramér-Rao Lower Bound,CRLB）。理论分析表明,采用多校准站法能有效降低CRLB,提高目标定位精度。同时,当校准站自身定位存在误差时,也将影响对接收站的校准和目标的定位精度。通过仿真实验定量分析了采用多校准站法对定位精度的改善程度。     

相关性匹配蓝牙信标位置指纹库的室内定位

针对K近邻算法(KNN)在对偏向于某个样本点的未知点进行三角质心定位时定位精度变差的情况,提出了应用相关系数去匹配蓝牙信标iBeacon位置指纹库的室内定位算法。通过比较待定位点和位置指纹库中参考样点的相似程度，并进行数据差异显著性检验，来检验采集的待定位点数据与指纹库数据是否显著相关，然后取相关性较高的样本点进行加权平均匹配定位。实验结果显示，相关系数匹配位置指纹库算法可将2 m以内的定位精度从65%提高到92%，相较于传统的KNN匹配定位算法有着定位精度高、计算量小、定位时间短等优势。     

双基地制导雷达目标定位的分坐标融合算法

提出了一种用于研究双基地制导雷达目标定位的分坐标参数航迹融合算法。通过利用观 测到的距离和以及角度序列分别建立参数航迹模型间接得到了目标位置序列,有效提高了 目标定位精度。理论分析与仿真结果表明,该方法比简化加权最小二乘算法更具优越性。     

利用时变噪声贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波的室内移动目标定位

基于射频识别的指纹滤波定位技术是当前室内定位中常使用的技术之一。针对该技术存在的卡尔曼滤波算法不能准确适应环境噪声变化，致使定位精度不高的问题，提出了一种适应时变噪声的贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波算法。所提算法结合Sage-Husa滤波模型和贝叶斯模型，实现了过程和测量协方差矩阵的最优化，有效地降低了噪声，提高了指纹滤波定位的精度。实验结果表明，与变分贝叶斯卡尔曼滤波和Sage-Husa滤波相比，无障碍情况下，基于改进算法的定位精度提高了6%以上；有障碍干扰下，则提高了14.6%以上。     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

基于风险调整收益方法的企业信用风险管理研究

文章根据风险调整收益（RAROC）的原理,借鉴J.P.摩根的信用计量CreditMetrics模型中信用等级转移的思想,构建了应收账款回收期内受信企业信用状况转移矩阵,并据此计算出企业信用VaR值和经济资本CaR值,进而计算RAROC比值,可为企业信用销售决策提供依据。通过将RAROC方法引入企业信用风险管理体系,可以对企业经营活动进行基于风险的绩效考核和业绩评价,以期提高企业信用风险管理水平。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定粉质化妆品中的六价铬

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）与电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）联用技术,建立了粉质化妆品中六价铬的测定方法。样品经0.05 mol/L氢氧化纳溶液超声振荡提取;HPLC采用Hypersil GOLD C18柱分离,以5%（v/v）甲醇-2 mmol/L四丁基硫酸氢铵水溶液（pH 4.0）作为流动相;ICP-MS测定选用碰撞池技术以消除40Ar12C对52Cr的谱学干扰。方法学研究结果表明,添加水平为0.040-2.000 mg/kg时,回收率为77.5%-107.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%。     

Is the cure worse than the disease? The effect of emerging market MNEs on host country corruption

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of foreign investment by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). While it has been debated whether EMNEs strengthen or weaken the institutions in host countries they invest in, the literature has paid limited attention to how EMNE investment impacts corruption in other emerging markets, one of the most significant destinations of EMNEs. Following Hoskisson et al. (2013), we categorize two types of emerging markets as targets of EMNE investment, a) low-income emerging markets and b) middle-income emerging markets, based on their institutional and market development. Building on the theory of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and the institutional advantage (IA) of EMNEs, we reason that EMNEs enter foreign markets in accordance to where their skills and competencies can be effectively utilized, and this impacts corruption in the host country. We make two key arguments: (1) EMNEs predominantly use their IA in low-income emerging markets, which in the long term increases corruption in the host market, and (2) EMNEs predominantly use their FSAs to gain competitive advantage in middle-income emerging markets, which decreases corruption in the host market. Empirical analysis of Chinese outward FDI from the 2008-2018 period supports our hypotheses. Our research contributes to both the literature on EMNEs and corruption.     

Why Consumers in Developing Countries Prefer Foreign Brands: A Study of Japanese Brands in Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Building on social-identity theory, the research develops a model for understanding of the impact of consumer identification with a nation on consumers' brand evaluations. It posits that developing-country consumers' identification with a foreign (developed) nation influences three factors—consumer-based brand equity, consumer-based country image, and consumer-based brand credibility. The research was informed by data from 400 Vietnamese consumers in relation to two Japanese brands Sony and Honda and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that Vietnamese (developing-country) consumers prefer Japanese (developed-country) brands over domestic brands, when these consumers identify with the developed nation.     

认知FrFT域通信系统及其抗干扰性能分析

为了增强无线通信系统的抗干扰能力,设计了一种认知FrFT(分数傅里叶变换)域通信系统（ CFrFTDCS ）,在变换域通信系统中采用分数傅里叶变换,并与认知无线电技术结合,给出了系统的结 构框图和工作原理,分析了系统的抗干扰性能。计算机仿真结果表明,CFrFTDCS具有较强的 抗 干扰能力,针对单音干扰、窄带干扰和Chirp干扰,CFrFTDCS的平均误码率性能比直接序列 扩频（DSSS）通信系统分别改善了约15.70 dB、13.29 dB和13.79 dB,比传统 的变换域通信系统（TDCS）分别改善了约0.18 dB、0.23 dB和3.63 dB。     

供应链和虚拟企业:比较及转化

供应链管理和虚拟企业是已经在世界范围所采用的概念。这些概念包括一系列管理、组织和技术问题,公司为了提高竞争能力,开拓市场机遇,建立合作联盟。供应链管理是一种集成的管理思想,从战略上整体地整合供应商和顾客。虚拟企业是一种动态的临时组织形式,不同的企业为了开拓商业机遇而通过合作弥补自身竞争力的不足。虽然他们有各自的特点,但是也有共同点。