基于顾客满意的质量成本及其优化研究

质量成本管理是质量管理的重要内容之一。基于顾客满意的质量成本性曲线,揭示了总的质量成本是随着产品质量水平的提高而不断降低的,在顾客满意的方针指导下,零缺陷策略是质量成本最优的策略。为了实现对质量成本进行科学管理,构建预防鉴定成本模型、故障成本模型、质量总成本模型,以期对质量成本模型进行最优化设计。     

供应链核心企业财务公司的双边利率定价模型研究

供应链核心企业财务公司的目标是提升链内企业总体资金能力。本文以最优控制理论为指导,基于已有的定价策略模型,以资金成本、预期损失、信誉水平为影响因素构建供应链核心企业财务公司的双边利率定价模型,求解财务公司双边利率的最优值,通过算例分析和图像模拟验证了结果的可行性。结果表明：财务公司的最优贷款利率和最优存款利率之间存在相互影响的函数关系;最优贷款利率随单位成本和信誉水平增加而增加,随预期损失的增加而减小;最优存款利率随单位成本和预期损失的增加而减小,随信誉水平增加而增加,旨在有效指导供应链财务公司进行合理的利率定价。     

医疗质量成本优化模型的构建

有效的质量成本管理可以满足质量管理和成本管理的双重要求,是医院成本管理的重要内容。如何在保证医疗服务质量的前提下,对质量成本进行有效控制,以实现质量最优、成本最低,获取最大的质量效益,这是医院管理中迫切需要解决的问题。我们根据质量总成本函数与质量效益函数构建出最优质量成本控制模型,从而确定最优质量总成本决策点及其相对应的医疗服务质量水平。     

双寡头企业产量竞争的均衡质量安全水平研究——以受规制的食品企业为例

在双寡头企业产量竞争的基本模型基础上,考虑了政府规制水平的影响,分析了生产高、低质量安全水平的两个食品企业分别在古诺和斯塔克尔伯格博弈模型中的均衡质量水平及其相互关系,结果揭示了不同模型中两个企业的最优质量安全水平之间的关系及其均衡点。在斯塔克尔伯格模型中,以生产高质量安全水平产品的企业为产量领导者时,其产品质量安全水平、价格、产量和利润远高于追随企业;两个企业的均衡质量安全水平、价格和产量都随着政府相关部门规制水平的提高而上升。     

浅论如何提升油田企业基层经营管理水平

针对产量调控手段单一，投入与产出意识淡薄，经营管理思路狭隘、成本控制意识淡薄，生产管理和成本管理运行责任脱节、成本基础工作薄弱等制约基层经营管理水平提升的因素，通过优化产量调控策略，提升开发效益；增强经济产量意识，提高产量经营运行质量；转变经营管理思想，提高成本控制意识；建立基层成本管理体制，推进生产与成本的一体化运行等措施实施，促进了油田企业基层经营管理水平的提升。     

企业会计的地位和作用

一、会计核算在加强成本管理中的地位和作用1.加强成本管理的必要性在市场经济条件下资源配置是通过市场竞争实现的。通过市场竞争 ,使资源在不同行业之间流动 ,在行业内不同企业之间流动。在市场竞争中 ,任何单个企业都是价格的接受者 ,但对市场价格总水平又不能产生明显的影响。因之 ,企业要想有利可图 ,必须优化自身的资源配置 ,努力降低成本。但是 ,目前有的企业不问市场需求 ,靠增加产量降低成本 ,当大量产品滞销积压时 ,又被迫以赊销为促销手段 ,而大量赊销又造成应收账款长期挂账 ,使企业资金周转停滞 ,资金成本上升 ,形成“增长—赊…     

现代企业成本管理存在的问题及对策

现代企业管理的目标已不再是利润最大化,而是如何取得长期竞争优势,实现企业价值最大化。尽管企业可以采用不同的战略来开发其竞争优势,但无论采用哪一种方式,都离不开成本管理,企业成本管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,是实现现代企业管理目标的一个必要途径。一、现代企业成本管理存在的主要问题1.重生产、轻经营,成本管理观念模糊。目前我国有部分企业只片面追求产量,忽视成本和费用的消耗,认为企业应该通过产量的不断扩大而增收,而不是通过控制成本和费用;还有一部分企业重视生产过程中的成本管理,忽略了生产、经营、技术全过程的成本管理…     

浅析传统质量成本管理和现代质量成本管理

经典的传统质量成本模型,虽然在生产力水平不高的情况对企业的生产起到作用,但是这类模型的立足点都是企业内部,没有将企业经营的外部环境因素考虑进去,因而传统的质量成本模型存在局限性。文章在详细研究这些局限性的基础之上,分析更具有现代意义的质量成本管理改进模型。     

传统质量成本模型的改进

传统的质量成本模型只包括质量的管理成本,而不包括质量设计成本、质量实体成本和间接失败成本,以该成本为基础分析质量的经济效益缺乏说服力.本文对传统质量成本构成作了重新界定,在此基础上结合质量成本构成的特征,构建了新的质量成本模型.     

浅析循环经济视角下国有企业成本管理

本文从发展循环经济的视角下讲述了国有企业成本管理的基本概况。同时详细分析了当前国有企业成本管理中面临的主要难点,主要包括:环境管理成本增加,质量管理成本增加,生产工艺成本增加,人力资源管理成本增加,销售成本管理难度增大,战略成本管理难度增大等。并根据以上问题提出了关于在国有企业成本管理过程中发展循环经济的一些合理化建议。     

Venture planning and analysis: An integrated approach to investment evaluation and product pricing

The venture planning and analysis (VPA) system is a quantitative analysis useful for developing pricing policy, projecting financial results, and comparing various investment opportunities. It is an integrated approach to product (investment) evaluation utilizing both marketing and cost information to determine an optimum pricing strategy.A venture plan is developed which covers several years of the anticipated life of the product (venture). The pricing strategy is determined by identifying the relationship between price, volume, and variable cost which yields the greatest positive cash flow. Revenue, variable expense, fixed expense, and engineering expense are input by fiscal year.The VPA system computes interest expense/income and cash flows. Ratios of the venture's quality-marginal investment quality factor and investment quality factor-are displayed, as are matrices which indicate the sensitivity of the venture to changes in the input data. Computer generated plots also help illustrate the cash flow and optimum level of production for each fiscal year of the analysis.     

A Note on Quality Choice,Monopoly, and Network Externality

Introducing network externalities into a model of vertically differentiated products, Lambertini and Orsini (2001, 2003) analyze the implications of a monopolist’s quality choice for social optimum. Moreover, they examine how the network externality affects quality, quantity, price, and social surplus. In this note, by looking at the nature of cost functions and the degree of network externalities, we reconsider their results, at least some of which depend upon the specificity of the cost functions.      

New products or remanufactured products: Which is consumer-friendly under a closed-loop multi-level supply chain?

If the remanufactured and fresh products are in the market at the same price and quality, then it is difficult for the retailer to sell them all together simultaneously. There is differentiability in the market by the consumers even though they are of similar quality and price. These remanufactured products are the effect of a closed-loop supply chain. The closed-loop type supply chain problems have pulled much attention to tackling environmental and social issues for these remanufactured products. Based on the concern, a closed-loop formation of the supply chain is formulated with four players. Two types of quality are assigned for the manufactured and remanufactured products as remanufactured products maintain less quality than the newly manufactured products. The production system is imperfect, then all products are not perfect. A mathematical model with a multi-cycle closed-loop supply chain is discussed here, where the reworking process happens within the same cycle. An acceptance quality level influences the regaining rate of consumed products. The non-integrated phenomenon uses the inventory management policy operated by the vendor and the consignment-type stock policy. This mathematical problem is solved by employing algorithms, developed to achieve the local optimum (non-integrated situations) and global optimum (integrated situations). A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are provided to establish the mathematical model numerically. Results obtain that the retailer can tackle the situation in a proper way such that the closed-loop supply chain always is in profit. The profit is globally maximized, and the best results are obtained from different situations.     

On Market Integration and Product R&D: A Monopoly Case

Applying a monopoly model with endogenous quality choice to the case of multiple national markets, we consider the effect of market integration on product R&D incentives (i.e., quality-improving), profit, and consumer surplus. We demonstrate that the effect of market integration depends on the difference in income distributions between two countries and the level of trade cost. In particular, if the difference in income distributions between two countries is large (small) and/or trade cost is low (high), market integration can decrease (increase) the level of product quality and social welfare in the two countries.     

工程地质情况研究对人工砂石加工控制的重要性

工程地质情况在人工砂石骨料生产质量控制上取到决定性的作用.在掌握机械设备的性能同时,对工程地质情况有详细的了解后,在生产过程中不断调整、控制及小改小革活动,可以使人工砂石骨料品质保持长期的稳定.同时也能在岩性的不断研究中,找出成本控制、环保工程的重点.     

Can good marketing carry a bad product? Evidence from the motion picture industry

We examine the relative roles of marketing actions and product quality in determining commercial success. Using the motion picture context, in which product quality is difficult for consumers to anticipate and information on product success is available for different points in time, we model the effects of studio actions and movie quality on a movie’s sales during different phases of its theatrical run. For a sample of 331 recent motion pictures, structural equation modeling demonstrates that studio actions primarily influence early box office results, whereas movie quality influences both short- and long-term theatrical outcomes. The core results are robust across moderating conditions. We identify two data segments with follow-up latent class regressions and explore the degree of studio actions needed to “save” movies of varying quality. We finally offer some implications for research and management.     

Consumer learning, switching costs, and heterogeneity: A structural examination

This paper develops and estimates a model of forward-looking consumer learning with switching costs using household level scanner data from a frequently purchased product category. This is novel because current models of consumer purchase behavior assume that only one of these types of dynamics is present, not both at the same time. My model estimates support the presence of both learning and switching costs in this product category. The estimates show that before consuming new products, consumers are unsure of their tastes for them, and subsequently learn their tastes by purchase and consumption of new products. Switching costs are large, comprising roughly 30 percent of the cost of a medium sized package of the product. Additionally, the model incorporates very rich individual level unobserved heterogeneity in price sensitivities, tastes, and switching costs, and the amount by which consumers learn. To show that my model produces different implications than a model with learning or switching costs only, I estimate two more specifications, one without each type of dynamics, and simulate counterfactuals that are of interest to managers and policymakers. I find that intertemporal elasticities are underestimated when either type of dynamics is left out, by as much as 90%. Informative advertising is also affected by the presence of switching costs, although the direction of the bias is not signed. Leaving out dynamics also has a large impact on long-term elasticities, which are used by antitrust policymakers to evaluate the impact of mergers. When learning is ignored, cross elasticities are underestimated by as much as 45%. When switching costs are ignored, both own and cross elasticities are underestimated.     

Capital Utilisation and Scale in the English and Welsh Water Industry

The study estimates a variable cost model of the UK water industry. From this variable cost function, estimates of economies of scale and economies of capital utilisation and capacity utilisation are made. The data used cover 20 English and Welsh water companies. The results suggest that only slight, albeit, significant dis-economies of scale and substantial diseconomies of capital utilisation exist in the industry. These estimates indicate that if output increases, with or without holding capital constant, variable costs would increase at a level above the proportional increase in output. If the water industry is not in long-term equilibrium, in terms of capital, neither merger nor acquisition amongst water companies are justified in terms of cost efficiency. A low level of capital utilisation is also indicated for the water industry. It is shown that the level of capital utilisation does increase over the sample period to approximately 30 per cent in 1996, indicating dis-equilibrium, in terms of capital, is present in this sector.     

搜寻成本与信誉租金对厂商定价的影响

信息的非对称性导致消费者在购物时要进行搜寻。搜寻是有代价的经济活动 ;在搜寻中花费的精力、人力、金钱、时间的机会成本构成搜寻成本。由于搜寻成本的存在消费者在购物时往往放弃搜寻 ,直接到信誉好的商店高价购物 ,以确保商品的效用。信誉度高而给产品定出高价从中获得的经济利润叫做信誉租金。搜寻成本与信誉租金存在因果关系。他们使厂商面临的需求曲线向下倾斜 ,使厂商给自己的产品定高价 ,长期均衡在经济利润上。     

我国兼并重组政策的实施效果——以上市公司为例

以2005—2016年沪深A股上市公司以及2005—2019年沪深A股上市公司并购绩效数据为样本,以我国2010年出台的促进企业兼并重组的政策为切入点,综合运用面板二值选择模型、泊松模型、动态面板模型等方法,从企业并购微观层面考察兼并重组政策的实施效果。研究发现,从数量上来看,兼并重组政策颁布后激励了企业并购,提高了企业并购的概率和并购数量;从质量上来看,虽然企业并购后短期绩效提高,但从长期绩效来看,企业并购后民营企业和地方国有企业长期财务绩效下降,中央企业长期财务绩效提高。进一步研究发现,兼并重组政策通过缓解融资约束的途径弱化了兼并重组政策和并购绩效的负相关关系,提高了并购企业的长期财务绩效;但通过政府补贴手段强化了兼并重组政策和并购绩效的负相关关系,进一步降低了并购企业的长期财务绩效。研究结论意味着兼并重组政策的颁布对不同所有权性质的企业实施效果不同,中央企业在兼并重组政策颁布后企业并购的概率和数量增多,并购绩效提高;而民营企业和地方国有企业在兼并重组政策颁布后虽然并购的概率和数量增多,但是从质量来看长期财务绩效下降。