欧盟东扩对中欧经贸关系的影响及对策

本文认为,2004年欧盟东扩以后,随着东欧10国的加入.欧盟成为中国最大的贸易伙伴,发展中、欧经贸关系显得至关重要.目前发展中、欧经贸关系的制约因素主要包括欧盟的对华歧视性贸易政策、欧盟东扩后产生的贸易转移效应和投资转移效应以及中、欧双向投资发展不平衡等.文章提出,为进一步发展中、欧经贸关系,我国应加速实施"走出去"战略,增强双方在技术领域的合作与贸易的互补性等.     

欧盟东扩对中欧经贸关系的影响

冷战后,欧洲打破了僵持多年的两极对峙格局,使国际地缘政治形势发生了根本变化。在变化的世界力量对比中,欧盟的国际政治和经济地位有了日益显著的提高。为了与美、俄争夺欧洲主导权,为了欧洲的安全、稳定与繁荣,以期实现欧洲统一的梦想,欧盟把东扩战略作为21世纪最初10～20年中完成的一项事关欧洲一体化发展、改变欧洲地缘政治经济影响力的大事。随着今年4月波、捷、匈等10国在希腊雅典举     

浅析欧盟东扩对中欧经贸关系的影响

波兰、匈牙利等十个中东欧国家将于2004年5月1日起成为欧盟正式成员国。由于这些国家与我国的经济发展水平较为接近,它们的加入将会对中欧经贸关系产生较大的影响。 本文拟对这些影响作简要的分析并提出相应的对策。     

谨防贸易保护--欧盟东扩进程及其对中欧经贸关系的影响

欧盟发展至今已先后经过4次扩大,即1973年英国、丹麦和爱尔兰加入其中,1981年希腊加入,1986年西班牙和葡萄牙加入,1995年奥地利、芬兰和瑞典加入,至此由原先只有6国的欧共体扩大到目前拥有15国的欧洲联盟,成为世界上最大的区域性经济集团.     

论欧盟东扩对中欧经贸关系的影响及对策

2004年5月1日，欧盟接受包括塞浦路斯、捷克、波兰等国在内的10个新成员国，从而完成其成立以来的第五次也是其历史上规模最大的一次扩大，东扩后的欧盟成员国由15个达到25个，拥有4．5亿人口，对外贸易额占世界总贸易额的20％，国内生产总值(GDP)占世界的四分之一，从而新欧盟成为了一个贸易规模与美国不相上下的大市场。欧盟东扩无疑是欧盟经济及世界经济中至关重要的事件，同时也将对中欧经贸发展产生深远的影响。     

欧盟东扩对中国经济的影响

2004年5月1日,10个国家将加入欧盟,这样,欧盟成员国总数将从15国增加到25国。随着波兰、捷克、匈牙利、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、塞浦路斯、马耳他人盟、欧盟总人口将增加7.500万,接     

欧盟绿色复苏对中欧经贸关系的影响

新冠肺炎疫情对欧盟经济社会造成严重冲击,疫情加深欧盟各界应对气候变化的共识,绿色复苏理念深入人心。作为欧盟史上规模最大的财政刺激计划,欧盟复苏计划以"欧盟绿色协议"为核心思想,融入了一系列引导经济实现绿色转型的具体措施,显示出"后疫情时代"欧盟以经济复苏为契机促进绿色转型的决心。然而,欧盟绿色复苏也将推升贸易壁垒和市场准入门槛、加大对外规则标准制约、减少对外依赖及合作需求,无疑将会为中欧经贸关系带来新的干扰因素。中国需正视欧盟绿色复苏理念:一方面,挖掘中欧双方在绿色经济领域的合作潜力,寻求深化双边经贸关系的新动力;另一方面,坚持底线思维,丰富完善国内应对气候变化相关机制建设,预防欧盟基于绿色规则标准的潜在制约。     

Balancing China-EU Economic & Trade Relations

Accompanied by the maturing of China-EU political relations beginning in the 1990s,China-EU economic and trade relations have developed significantly each year.Now,theEU has become China's largest trading partner, as well as China's largest technology provider and fourth largest investment source for four consecutive years.China-EU cooperation has been expanded to include more than forty sectors.     

Partenariat Event 2006:More Closed and Mutual Dependent China-EU Trade Relations Eyed

The EU-China Partenariat 2006 was held in Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province. It is a pageant of great significance in the history of China-EU trade development.……     

欧盟对中欧经贸关系进行战略评估 重点是知识产权保护、市场准入和投资机会

欧盟委员会5月8日表示，由于中国在经济上的崛起，欧盟将在今年第4季度发表有关中国与欧盟经济与贸易关系的评估文件，以决定下一个10年欧盟应如何处理与中国的关系。     

Partenariat Event 2006:More Closed and Mutual Dependent China-EU Trade Relations Eyed

The EU-China Partenariat 2006 was held in Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province. It is a pageant of great significance in the history of China-EU trade development.     

中欧贸易与反倾销问题

欧盟现已成为我国双边贸易中第一大贸易伙伴,但中欧贸易也存在一些问题,如反倾销问题。本文就欧盟反倾销条例和歧视性的“非市场经济”规定,探讨反倾销诉讼对我国内相关产业发展的影响,并提出我国出口企业应采取的因应策略。     

EU State Aid Policy and the Politics of External Trade Relations

European Union (EU) state aid policy has an oft-overlooked but politically-charged external dimension that is most clearly witnessed in the linkage with external trade relations. The article seeks to illuminate the issues and potential problems raised by this state aid-trade linkage. When this linkage is made, the EU engages in an array of complex international interactions through which it may pursue two politically-contentious procedures: countervailing duties or dispute settlement. The article argues that an understanding of the EU’s role in these complex interactions must take into account the Union’s institutional landscape and the competing preferences of different private interests. When deciding to impose countervailing duties against foreign state aids (subsidies), private interests play a significant role in initiating investigations and can use their access to EU institutions to encourage the imposition of such measures. While a variety of factors help to explain why the EU prefers pursuing countervailing duties, the Union also actively uses the World Trade Organization’s formal dispute settlement mechanism. Under this alternative, private interests again play an important role, pursuing varying strategies depending on their preferences. The most important determinant of a firm’s preference to pursue countervailing duties or the dispute settlement mechanism appears to be the extent to which the firm is concerned with restoring competition in their home market or with restoring competition in multiple/global markets.     

EU Enlargement and the Portuguese Economy

The main focus of the present paper is on the emerging and likely future trade effects of enlargement. Though our particular concern is with Portugal, we set the scene by comparing the trade structures of the 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (i.e. the eight CEE accession states plus Bulgaria and Romania) – including an analysis of the individual cases of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland – with those of the EU15 as a whole, and with those of the 4 EU cohesion countries. The elimination of trade barriers between incumbents and accession states will have two trade‐related effects on EU incumbents: an increase in bilateral flows with the CEEC and a shift effect as the CEEC displace some incumbent exports to EU markets. The first effect is likely to be strongest for those incumbents for which there is a strong overlap between their export structure and the import structure of the CEEC. Portugal emerges as one of the economies with the least overlap. The displacement effect, we conclude, is likely to be particularly strong in the case of Portugal, given the high degree of similarity between Portuguese exports and those of the CEEC. Portugal appears to be ‘being squeezed from below’ in that, for the majority of its traditional export sectors, the CEEC became progressively more competitive during the second half of the 1990's. Portuguese specialisation was increasingly confined to low‐technology, low‐added‐value sectors with declining demand, as strong FDI inflows to the CEEC led to an increasing preponderance of more dynamic sectors in their export structures. Thus, Portugal is also being squeezed from above. This suggests that there may be substantial industrial disruption, in response to which labour‐market flexibility and dynamic entrepreneurial response is crucial. Intersectoral mobility is generally easier the more highly educated the workforce – an indicator on which Portugal scores poorly. The Portuguese labour market, however, displays a high degree of flexibility, consistent with its long lasting low rate of unemployment. Continued flexibility will help minimise these likely adjustment costs. Besides the trade and industry effects, other topics considered in the paper include the implications of enlargement for Portugal's ability to attract FDI, the likely consequences for Portugal of inward migration from the CEEC to the EU, and the implications of enlargement for Portugal's budgetary relations with the rest of the EU.     

Consequences of European Union Enlargement for Spain

This article analyses the effects that EU Eastern enlargement will have on the Spanish economy. As opposed to the widespread belief that the major impact on Spain will stem from the reduction of Community funds received, the impact on two real variables is also analysed here, namely trade and foreign direct investment, and evidence is offered of the restructuring of economic activity in the enlarged Europe and its effects on the Spanish economy. In addition, the competition for Spain of the new partners in the Community market is also examined. One of the most noteworthy results is that the competition of the new members of the European market is becoming stronger, as they have a commercial structure that is becoming more and more similar to Spain's and with a greater technological content. This phenomenon appears to be the outcome of the activity of the multinationals, which are re‐organising their activity and transferring part of their production to Central Europe to capitalise on the cost advantages of the new members and their more strategic geographical situation. Furthermore, evidence is put forward that, if the criteria for eligibility for the Structural and Cohesion Funds are not altered, Spain will be one of the countries in which the budgetary situation will deteriorate most in the post‐enlargement EU.