我国农村小额信贷的困境与出路

农村小额信贷是我国农村经济发展的重要资金供给渠道,但是随着这项工程的进行,政府干预、贷款利率受限、缺乏监管等问题开始浮现出来并成为阻碍小额信贷进一步发展的障碍。根据这些问题以及国外的先进经验和对国内相关政策提出市场化运作、规避风险、利率放开、完善监管相关对策,以便更好地促进农村小额信贷的健康发展。     

中国小额信贷商业化与商业化合作机制探讨

商业化是小额信贷必经的发展阶段,是可持续发展的前提和关键。由于国情和相关法律的限制,我国短期内还无法实现利率市场化及向普通小额信贷机构发放银行牌照。但我国小额信贷仍然存在商业运作的空间,并且在实践中出现了各种小额信贷商业化合作机制,取得了很好的效果。     

林权抵押反担保贷款——基于小额信贷促进会的屏南模式

林农融资难的关键是抵押品缺乏和信息不对称,如何通过信贷机制创新缓解林农面临的信贷约束是当今农村金融研究的热点和焦点。本文通过对屏南县以小额信贷促进会为中介的小额林权抵押贷款模式研究,发现这种贷款方式可有效解决大银行与分散小农户之间抵押品缺乏、信息不对称和贷款成本问题．对缓解林农信贷约束起到了积极的促进作用。     

浅析农村小额信贷存在的问题及防范措施

农村小额信贷对推动三农发展、完善农村金融体系、规范民间金融发展具有积极作用。目前,我国的农村小额信贷刚刚开始起步,发展还不成熟,存在信贷机构管理水平偏低、风险防范能力不高、贷款利率水平较低等问题。农村小额信贷机构应抓住发展的机遇,加快提升农村小额信贷机构的管理水平,加强其内外部风险防范及风险抵御能力,并实行灵活的贷款利率,以促进农村小额信贷的健康可持续发展,助推我国广大农村地区的发展。     

农户贷款中抵押与声誉机制的作用差异及贷款合约的设计

抵押和声誉机制在农户贷款中发挥着不同作用,实证结果表明抵押在总体上降低了农户贷款可得性,而声誉机制有助于增加农村地区的贷款。抵押贷款下,利率较低、期限较长、额度较大,且与生产性目的相匹配;声誉机制下,贷款利率较高、期限短、额度小,主要用于满足流动性和消费性资金需求。对客户信贷分层研究发现,抵押贷款适用于较富裕农户,而声誉机制贷款适用于中低收入者。     

国际小额信贷实践及对我国的启示

鼓励小额信贷的发展是各国的基本做法,各国都在选择适合自己国情的小额信贷发展模式,商业化、可持续性是小额信贷的新发展,强调小额信贷监管,控制小额信贷风险。目前,福利型向商业型转变是未来小额信贷的发展方向,商业性小额信贷的利率也要遵循市场化原则,自身内功扎实是小额信贷机构健康发展的基础,加强规范和监管是小额信贷发展的必要保证。     

西部农户小额信贷还款率影响因素分析

利用主成分分析方法和logistic回归模型,对西部地区小额信贷还款率影响因素进行实证分析。研究表明农户专业技能、信用等级、农户收入、贷款利率、贷款期限、贷款用途等因素与小额信贷还款率显著相关,农户年龄、受教育程度、贷款金额等因素对小额信贷还款率的影响不显著,不同因素在影响小额信贷还款率时具有重要次序性,农户专业技能、信用等级、农户收入、贷款利率、贷款期限、贷款用途、是否贴息、经营能力对小额信贷还款率的影响最为重要,其次为劳动力人数和耕地面积因素。     

农村小额信贷的思考

农村小额信贷款是以贫困农民为服务对象,为农民生产生活提供小额信贷扶持的资金融通活动和金融扶持活动.农村小额信贷在我国的发展始于二十世纪九十年代初期但在为农村经济提供资金支持,活跃农村金融市场,推动金融创新等方面发挥了重要作用.同时在资金供求、贷款种类和额度、贷款利率、农民信用状况、信贷人员的素质等方面也存在一些问题.本文在认识农村小额信贷问题的基础上从可持续发展的角度思考其发展方向.     

健全和完善我国小额担保贷款法律制度探讨

小额担保贷款法律制度,设立的目的是为促进就业和再就业,这是一项促进就业的信贷法律制度。健全和完善我国小额担保贷款法律制度,要规定借款人基本条件及对象范围;明确小额担保贷款专门机构及相关部门职责范围;规范贷款金额、期限、利率,简化贷款程序;完善信用法律机制;完善风险控制法律机制;完善监管法律机制;规范财政、就业和金融协调配合法律制度;完善责任机制。     

美国次贷危机对国内金融机构经营管理的启示

次贷危机的爆发由美国次级抵押贷款市场在宽松的利率环境下因房产的抵押及信用风险等种种原因而造成.因而,可以将金融机构抠押信贷的问题进行深入探讨,从次贷危机中解析当前金融机构所面临着的市场及信用风险,在危机后吸取教训,完善各类风险问题的预警机制,并建立健全房产信贷的抵押保险和担保制度.     

History of microfinance in Bangladesh: A life cycle theory approach

This study aims to conceptualise and document the historical evolution of microfinance in Bangladesh using the life cycle theory (LCT). Based on the LCT nomenclature, the microfinance sector in Bangladesh shows characteristics broadly consistent with the saturation phase (2006–2015) – which potentially has adverse impacts on both microfinance clients and institutions. The maturity phase (1996–2005) of microfinance has corresponded with competition and several innovations (financial and non-financial). However, the saturation phase sees increasing presence of uncoordinated microfinance institutions and expansion of multiple borrowing, as well as commercialisation and ‘mission drift’, which constitute important challenges for the regulatory authority and management of microfinance institutions.     

Gender discrimination and lending to women: The moderating effect of an international founder

Much of the microfinance rhetoric revolves around fighting female poverty, which is often the result of discriminatory gender norms. Also, the microfinance industry has always been influenced by foreign actors, who, according to the literature, promote women’s empowerment. Yet, little is known about how microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) outreach to women is affected by the interplay between societal norms and the actions of these foreign actors. In response, this study draws on two streams of institutional theory, institutional logics perspective and institutional work theory, to investigate the influence of gender discrimination on microfinance outreach to women and to test the moderating effect of an international founder. Using data on 213 MFIs from 65 countries, the results show that gender discrimination negatively impacts microfinance outreach to women, but that the negative effect is mitigated by having an international founder. These findings are discussed, and several avenues are opened for future research.     

Globalization and affordability of microfinance

We study how globalization can differentially affect financial inclusion through the lens of microfinance. Based on an institutional logics perspective, we argue that MFIs embody both social logic and market logic with regard to provision of affordable microfinance loans. Speicially, social logic is amplified by greater social globalization and the stronger presence of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in the microfinance industry. In contrast, economic globalization catalyzes MFIs' market logic, leading to weaker or greater affordability of microfinance, depending on the relative strength of the profit-maximizing motive and real competition. We test these predictions by focusing on MFI interest-rate setting and using longitudinal data from 2030 MFI observations across 50 countries from 2002 to 2012. We find that country-level social globalization measure is negatively associated with the average MFI loan interest rates and that country-level economic globalization measure has an inverse U-shaped relationship with the average MFI loan interest rates. These results support our hypotheses and suggest a more nuanced view on how globalization affects affordability of microfinance.     

山东省胶南市小额信贷模式探究与启示

农村经济发展需要有效的金融支持.近年来,农户、中小企业融资难一直是制约我国农村经济发展的一个重要问题.本文以山东省胶南市为例,研究了胶南市小额信贷方式,探索了小额信贷的创新发放办法.     

阳光银行小额信贷模式:基于外部性理论的分析

本文以阳光银行为例,从经济学角度探讨了小额信贷外部性影响的解决途径。阳光银行对发展中国家小额信贷发展具有极强的示范效应：小额信贷机构只要设计有效降低贷款成本和控制小额信贷风险的机制,诱导更多借款人进入小额信贷市场,最终就可以实现小额信贷市场私人成本与社会成本的一致,提供社会理想状态下的小额信贷供给。     

吉林省农村小额信贷发展建议

小额信贷作为一种新型金融制度和扶贫机制,在我国发展了近二十年,对缓解农村金融供求紧张状况,提高农民收入,促进农村经济发展起到了重要的作用。尽管取得了一定成就,但小额信贷还存在诸多制约其可持续发展的因素。分析吉林省农村小额信贷的具体情况,剖析制约其发展的障碍,可以促进小额信贷发展。     

Before Microfinance: The Social Value of Microsavings in Vincentian Poverty Reduction

The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the values and limits of microfinance within the context of poverty reduction, international development, and community empowerment. The main thesis is that microfinance requires a more complex strategy than simply the provision of credits. The development of financial capital depends on the increase in human capacity and social capital. Microfinance is revisited under the ethical lenses of global responsibility for alleviating poverty and developing community sustainability. Through a critical review of the literature and case studies from the Philippines, the author suggests a value-based Vincentian approach to integrate microfinance into community empowerment. In connection with the main thesis the author argues that the achievement of economic self-reliance through microfinance is contingent upon the development of capacity building, social capital, and empowerment at the individual, collective, and systemic levels.     

Microfinance Intervention in Poverty Reduction: A Study of Women Farmer-Entrepreneurs in Rural Ghana

This paper examines microfinance intervention in rural poverty reduction in Ghana by surveying 100 rural women farmer-entrepreneurs. The findings reveal that microfinance interventions that emphasize both credit provision and social intermediation improve access to credit, improve business performance, and contribute to a higher standard of living for female farmer-entrepreneurs and their families. The results show that the microfinance scheme has been successful due to a strong social network and group relationships among the farmers. An implication of the study is that poverty reduction programs in developing countries need to emphasize social and human development components in microfinancing policies.     

Microfinance Traps and Relational Exchange Norms: A Field Study of Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania

In interdependent social groups, microfinance traps occur when conflicts arise between borrowers’ affective ties related to family needs and instrumental ties related to obligations toward their loan group. Thus, the social capital that facilitates microfinancing can lead to conflicting obligations toward business needs and economic obligations toward family. Building on an inductive field study among female entrepreneurs in Tanzania, we conceptualize microfinance traps. By using relational contract theory to interpret the qualitative data, we argue that microfinance traps can be reduced by balancing role integrity, preserving norms and reciprocity, and harmonizing the social matrix toward the family and loan group.