股份制商业银行绿色信贷发展研究

在我国绿色金融发展的趋势和背景下,商业银行绿色信贷成为绿色金融发展的主要方式。在发展绿色信贷的主要银行中,股份制银行由于本身所具有的特性,在绿色信贷发展中具有创新与引领作用。故而本文选取了十二家股份制银行作为研究对象,从绿色信贷角度出发,分别探讨了十二家银行的绿色信贷制度、绿色信贷实施规模以及绿色信贷投资项目这三方面的发展现状,并从现状中总结出绿色信贷政策制度不健全";两高一剩"行业信息披露不完整;绿色信贷产品创新不足等问题。提出了健全完善绿色信贷制度;建立统一的披露标准;大力发展绿色信贷产品创新等建议。     

利率市场化是否会影响商业银行绿色信贷的投放——基于LPR改革的证据

基于LPR改革以及2013年至2021年18家商业银行的非平衡面板数据，实证检验了利率市场化对商业银行绿色信贷投放的影响。结果表明：(1)LPR改革对全体商业银行绿色信贷有正向影响，因为LPR改革引发的贷款利率下降拓宽了银行的盈利空间；(2)LPR改革对不同规模商业银行绿色信贷投放的影响有异质性，国有大型银行受到的影响大于中小银行。这是因为不同规模商业银行的经营绩效、信息搜集和提供服务的能力、绿色信贷的声誉效应和银行风险结构方面存在差异；(3)LPR改革对不同规模商业银行绿色信贷影响的差异具有滞后性。这是因为商业银行对LPR改革具有反应期，商业银行信贷资源有限，银行需要在前期的贷款到期后才能投放新的贷款；同时，中国人民银行推进LPR改革的谨慎性使得LPR下降幅度较为缓慢。研究表明在利率市场化改革中应考虑其对绿色金融的影响，同时在绿色金融发展中应给予国有大型银行更多优惠政策。     

商业银行促进新疆低碳经济发展浅析

实行绿色信贷是商业银行规避风险、追逐利润的内在要求,参与碳金融市场是商业银行盈利模式的创新,实施绿色信贷,发挥商业银行的信息披露作用是可持续发展的本质要求。商业银行通过这些途径,在新疆低碳经济发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用。     

以兴业银行为例探讨绿色信贷在我国的发展

绿色、环保是实现经济可持续发展的重要手段,商业银行作为经济的核心,开展绿色信贷将成为未来信贷业务发展的重点。本文首先阐述了绿色信贷的涵义特征以及商业银行推行绿色信贷的意义,接着本文以国内绿色信贷的先行者—兴业银行为例,运用SWOT分析法对其实施绿色信贷战略的内外部环境进行分析,从而提出完善我国商业银行绿色信贷的对策。     

商业银行发展绿色信贷的实践、难点及对策研究

文章对我国商业银行发展绿色信贷的实践进行了阐述,之后对商业银行在发展绿色信贷过程中的三个难点问题进行了剖析,包括信贷评级难以做到细致化、环境风险管理水平较低和地方政府利益的阻碍。最后提出了商业银行应尽快完善绿色信贷评级、提高环境风险管理水平,同时完善相关部门的制度建设,以确保绿色信贷的顺利推进。     

我国商业银行绿色信贷发展的现状、问题及策略研究

绿色信贷是绿色金融的重要组成部分,是指投向绿色项目、支持环境改善的贷款。2007年《关于落实环保政策法规防范信贷风险的意见》的发布,标志着我国绿色信贷的起航,2016年我国把绿色金融写入"十三五"规划,将其作为国家战略。我国绿色信贷发展迅速,成绩斐然,但也存在一些问题。本文基于我国商业银行绿色信贷的发展现状和问题,提出相应的策略,并指出了绿色信贷未来的发展方向。     

绿色信贷对商业银行经营稳健性的影响研究

文章以2012—2021年18家上市商业银行的数据为样本,采用回归分析检验绿色信贷对商业银行稳健性的影响。研究结果显示：绿色信贷对提升商业银行的稳健性具有积极作用,即绿色信贷业务的推出有助于提高银行的稳健性。异质性分析发现,绿色信贷对非国有商业银行的稳健性提升显著,对国有银行稳健性的提升则不显著。时滞性分析发现,绿色信贷对商业银行稳健性的影响是长期的。针对实证结果,提出从宏观制度方面加强绿色信贷制度的高层次设计,微观方面,商业银行加强自身绿色金融产品服务创新和提升自身的智能化服务水平。     

商行绿色信贷环境风险管理国际经验与启示

2007年,环保总局联合人民银行、银监会出台了绿色信贷政策。但目前银行业绿色信贷环境与社会风险(简称环境风险)管理能力不足这一点严重制约着我国绿色信贷政策的实施效果。分析借鉴国外银行绿色信贷环境和社会风险管理的经验,首先从绿色信贷及其环境风险管理的内涵入手,分析了我国银行绿色信贷环境风险管理中存在的问题。之后讨论了国外典型"赤道银行"绿色信贷业务的环境风险管理模式,从中寻求我国银行可从中借鉴的经验,在此基础上提出了增强我国商业银行绿色信贷环境风险管理能力,提高我国绿色信贷业务的效率的对策。     

我国绿色信贷个人业务发展创新探讨

本文以绿色信贷作为研究对象,重点分析了我国商业银行发展绿色信贷的现状,提出了我国商业银行绿色信贷业务发展滞后的原因。之后本文总结了绿色信贷国际发展的经验与启示,在借鉴国际经验的基础上,提出了对于我国绿色信贷业务的创新——发展绿色信贷个人业务,希望通过对绿色信贷个人业务的展望,推动我国绿色信贷业务的创新,促进绿色经济的发展。     

环境信息披露对债务期限结构的影响研究

企业发展离不开资金的融通,在强化产业遵循绿色、环保和可持续发展的背景下,为提高企业的环境违法成本,国家出台了一系列绿色金融政策,环境表现已成为影响企业外部融资的重要因素。而信息不对称的市场中,环境信息披露质量是金融机构了解企业环境状况的一条重要途径。本文以沪深两市重污染行业A股2010-2017年上市公司为样本,实证考察了样本公司环境信息披露质量与债务期限结构的关系。研究发现:重污染行业上市公司环境信息披露质量越高,可获得的长期银行借款越多,且绿色信贷政策可以增强环境信息披露质量和企业长期银行借款的关系,我国绿色信贷政策已有了初步的执行效果。     

Loan Officer Turnover and Credit Availability for Small Firms

This paper presents empirical evidence on the role loan officers play in facilitating small firm access to commercial bank loans. If loan officers use soft information (for example, assessments of character, information from customers and suppliers) to make lending decisions that would not otherwise be made on the basis of hard information (for example, tax returns or financial statements), then, frequent turnover in loan officers should be associated with an adverse effect on credit availability. This relationship is confirmed empirically using survey data of U.S. small firms in 1995 and 2001, where loan officer turnover is positively related to the turndown rate on the most recent loan application. Although loan officer turnover could be influenced by the turndown rate (for example, an owner changes banks and gets a new loan officer as a result of a recent turndown), its negative effect on credit availability persists under several different tests.     

公允价值会计信息对银行贷款契约有用吗——基于上市公司数据的实证检验

本文以2007-2009年上市公司财务会计信息为样本,实证检验新会计准则引入的公允价值会计信息是否以及如何影响公司获取银行贷款,以探讨公允价值会计改革是否有利于提高会计信息的债务契约有用性。研究结果发现,银行贷款与公司核心盈利能力、偿债能力和贷款需求显著相关,企业取得的短期贷款规模与公允价值变动损益相关,但显著水平较低;长期贷款与公允价值变动损益信息无显著相关性;银行能够区分公允价值变动损失与资产减值损失稳定性不同。     

Corporate environmental responsibility and bank loans

Drawing on both qualitative analyses of banks' sustainability reports and quantitative analyses of 11,538 bank loans from 1993 to 2018, we explore interactions between corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and bank loan contracting. We find CER dominates how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects bank loans. We propose a two-way relationship between CER and bank loans. Firms with strong CER performance receive cheaper bank loans due to banks' environmental risk management efforts. These banks provide services to corporate borrowers that have a positive influence on borrowers' ongoing environmental performance.     

Banking Reforms for the 21st Century: A Perfectly Stable Banking System Based on Financial Innovations*

Although bank loans themselves are somewhat illiquid because of private information, most of their cashflows are not. Recent financial innovations allow commercial loans to be liquefied via credit derivatives and actual and synthetic securitizations. The loan originating bank holds the remaining illiquid equity tranche containing the concentrated credit risk, private information rent and the ‘excess spread’ that incentivize the bank to continue to monitor and service the loans. Empirically, we find that the average size of the equity tranche is about 3% for the representative commercial loan portfolios in our sample. The liquefaction of bank loans makes possible a banking system that restricts the guaranteed accounts to be backed by 100% reserves and the non‐guaranteed deposits to be backed by liquid securitized loan tranches, while retaining the deposit‐lending synergy. Such a system is perfectly safe without deposit insurance and it renders banks bankruptcy‐remote without sacrificing a bank's traditional role as a financial intermediary.     

Bargaining power and information in SME lending

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are informationally opaque and bank dependent. In SME lending, banks largely rely on soft information, because the scale and scope of hard information are limited. We analyze whether and how hard and soft information affects the borrower??s bargaining power vis-à-vis its bank. We use the fact that, for a given credit rating, certain borrowers obtain better loan terms than others to define measures of relative bargaining power. Using SME loan data from the USA and Germany, we find that more favorable soft information (management skills and character) increases borrower bargaining power. We also show that more favorable soft than hard information improves borrower bargaining power. The results are not driven by manipulation or statistical limitations of the credit ratings. Our study suggests that soft information represents an important and direct determinant of borrower bargaining power, affecting the outcomes of the loan contracting process.     

商业银行并购贷款贷后风险管理探讨

商业银行并购贷款后的风险,主要包括整合风险、经营和财务风险。其成因在于国家政策时有变化、并购项目本身频频遇阻、银行员工素质与业务水平参差不齐、银行内部制度不甚健全等方面。针对商业银行并购贷款的贷后风险,银行方面应做到随时评估项目前阶段贷款的执行能力,定期比较并购项目的经营数据和财务指标,要求企业披露并购贷款发放后的相关重要信息,从而将并购过程中的损失降到最低。     

Political uncertainty and city bank lending in China: Evidence from city government official changes

Using data hand collected in China between 2001 and 2016, this paper examines how political uncertainty affects city bank lending. Our results show that political uncertainty causes banks to significantly increase loan growth. These results are moderated by the characteristics of government officials, bank characteristics, and the degree of marketization. Our results further show that changes by government officials increase medium-term loan growth, mainly for the real estate and public utilities sector. Finally, we show that city government official changes increase bank lending and, thus, increase credit risk, that is, bank lending has a mediating effect.     

Do bank loans still convey information to investors? Evidence from the split share structure reform in China

Bank loans can convey information about the borrowing firms that have proper corporate governance systems. Using a sample of bank loan announcements in China, we find that the market reaction is positive after the split share structure reform in 2005, which aligns the interests of large shareholders and minority shareholders, government and public investors, and alleviates their tunneling incentives. We also find that this effect is more pronounced for private firms as the reform mainly enhances corporate governance for private firms. The signaling role of bank loans is less pronounced for firms with less severe information asymmetry after the reform, e.g. higher shareholdings of mutual funds and higher proportion of independent directors. Related party transactions decrease when they obtain bank loans after the reform, which reflects the alleviation of tunneling after the reform.     

银企关系与房地产公司的信贷违约--基于嵌入性视角的研究

嵌入性理论认为,社会资本是企业可以利用的重要资源。本文基于我国房地产上市公司信贷数据,发现银企关系作为企业一项重要的社会资本提供了财务变量和股票市场变量以外有关公司违约的重要信息,有助于提高违约风险模型的预测能力。其中银企双边关系久期、主营房地产业务时间以及公司国有背景与违约风险率显著负相关,银企关系规模的实际作用效果与关系网络的规模和结构有关。     

Code of Ethics: A Stratified Vehicle for Compliance

When a business owner approaches a bank for a loan for their business they might hope that a well-established bureaucratic procedure would ensure that their application was processed with stipulated rules and impersonal criteria. They might expect that two bank officials, evaluating the same proposal for a loan, would reach the same decision. However, research shows that both quantifiable data and “gut feelings” are used in the decision. In this research, analysis of interviews with senior managers, and both individual and focus group interviews with bank loan officers, reveals that there are no set criteria or stipulated rules. The interviews demonstrate how and why nonquantifiable data is used, and why different bank officials can reach different conclusions on the same loan proposal. While these bank loan officers do not appear to be discriminatory against female business owners, the lending criteria and process allows significant room for discrimination. It appears questionable whether bank lending is seen as an ethical and fair process.