破产管理人追收股东出资的规范进路

破产管理人在履行职责过程中需兼顾各方主体利益，明确破产管理人作为适格原告的诉讼主体地位有助于彰显其独立性和自主性。在破产债权总额小于未缴、抽逃出资数额的情形中，管理人以债权总额追收股东出资具有一定的正当性。若有限责任公司股东未届出资期限即转让未缴足额出资的股权，应以受让人为追收出资的确定对象，以原股东为限定条件下承担出资担保责任的连带主体。同时参考有限责任公司的规范路径，认定符合违法性要件的股份有限公司股东与受让人的出资责任。相应地，需修订破产法和公司法的相关规定，构建配套制度。     

基于生产要素对经济增长影响的实证分析——以江苏省为例

基于江苏省1990—2009年的相关数据和的C-D生产函数,建立计量经济学模型。运用回归法测算江苏省经济增长的资本产出弹性和劳动产出弹性,并在此基础上对江苏省生产要素的贡献率进行实证分析,找出目前江苏省经济增长的重要因素和制约条件,据此提出促进江苏省经济发展的建议。     

Time structure of production and the theory of international trade

This paper reexamines aspects of international trade theory by taking account of the time required for transforming inputs into outputs. The discussion focuses explicitly upon the time structure of production, characterized by profiles of inputs and outputs over time. Each of the model's two consumer-good sectors has different flow-input flow-output technology, with which labor produces heterogeneous capital goods and final output. As shown by the analysis, intersectoral differences in the time structure of production have important implications for the impact of world trade on a country's employment of labor, accumulation of capital and level of income.     

我国供应链环节中制造业生产率测度模型研究

采用不变弹性生产函数法测算全要素生产率,引入完全市场竞争和生产者均衡的假设,利用资本价格、劳动力价格、劳动和资本投入及产出回归估计出分配系数、替代参数和生产弹性μ的值,从而确定不变弹性生产函数的方程式。采用1993-2006年制造业的相关数据,测算出中国制造业的生产率。     

The factor content of Chinese trade

This article demonstrates that the growth of China's exports in recent years is consistent with the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) prediction of the factor content of trade based on international differences in factor endowments, after adjusting for substantial differences in factor-specific productivity. A comparison of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development input–output data in the year 2000 shows that China's labor productivity relative to the United States is the lowest in a sample of 33 diverse countries, although China's capital is more productive than US capital. This in turn demonstrates the importance of a factor-specific rather than factor-neutral productivity adjustment common in much of the HOV literature. The use of value-added data to measure factor usage helps to correct for unobserved differences in factor qualities and differences in productivity across sectors, as is demonstrated for China. China's low average labor productivity reflects the structure of the Chinese economy where most employment is still in the inefficient agriculture and service sectors, with only 11% of employment in the more modern export-oriented manufacturing sector. Due to a trade surplus, China exports both labor and capital but Leamer's (The Journal of Political Economy 1980;88: 495–503) test for trade-revealed factor abundance confirms that China is labor abundant even after substantial factor-specific productivity adjustments.     

Going Alone: The Case for Relaxed Reciprocity in Freeing Trade

We examine the output elasticity of infrastructure for four South Asian countries viz., India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka using panel cointegration techniques for the period 1980–2005. In this context, we develop an index of infrastructure stocks and investigate the impact of infrastructure on output. The study finds a long-run equilibrium relationship between output and infrastructure along with other relevant variables, such as gross domestic capital formation (GDCF), labor force, international trade and human capital. The results reveal that GDCF, labor force, export and expenditure on human capital exhibit a positive contribution to output. More importantly, infrastructure development contributes significantly to output growth in South Asia. Further, the panel causality analysis shows that there is mutual feedback between total output and infrastructure development.     

我国农业科技进步贡献率测算与分析:1978-2010年

农业科技进步贡献率是衡量科技进步对农业生产贡献的重要指标,本文选取了农业生产总值、资本、劳动力及耕地面积等投入产出指标,用索罗余值法分析了1978-2010年间各种投入要素对农业生产总值的贡献,发现资本投入和科技进步是促进农业生产的最重要的两个因素。因此,应保持农业快速稳定发展,加大农业科技创新投入,加快农业科技体制机制创新,进一步推进农业科技创新,更好地发挥农业科技进步对农业发展的引领作用。     

两岸有限责任公司资本制度之比较研究

公司是股东投资最为重要的一种工具。以股东投资为基础形成的公司资本的法律规制而形成的资本制度是各个国家和地区公司法最为重要的制度。本文对有限责任公司资本的形成规则和资本维持规则在两岸公司法中的具体规定进行比较研究,以期对大陆商家在台湾地区的投资有所裨益。     

我国省区三次产业就业结构与劳均资本存量关系分析

在经济发展过程中,就业结构变化和劳均资本存量上升是经济发展质量提高的根本要求。本文搜集并利用近二十年相关数据,计算了我国各省区三次产业就业比例与劳均资本存量。分析发现,各省区第一产业就业比例急剧下降、劳均资本存量迅速增长,劳均资本存量与就业结构变化存在显著的因果关系,资本存量上升促进了就业结构优化;省区之间就业结构、劳均资本存量差距很大。因此,政府应采取均衡投资战略,避免资本过度集中;发达省区应进一步优化资源配置,提高资本产出效率;中西部省区则应加强资本积累、因地制宜发展产业,促进第一产业劳动力就近转移。     

我国流通业与制造业协同演进机制的实证研究

运用中国1986年～2010年制造业与流通业的相关数据,采用计量经济模型方法,建立制造业总产值与流通业增加值、资本投入、劳动投入的非线性模型,通过检验即期、滞后1期和滞后2期流通业增加值与制造业总产值之间的定量关系,发现流通业对我国制造业发展具有非常显著的促进作用;研究中还发现资本投入对制造业发展影响作用要比劳动投入更加显著。     

Does globalization weaken labor unions in developing countries?

For a developing economy with a given urban wage rate, globalization in capital markets strengthens labor unions. This result hinges on the fixed urban wage rate, which leads to a constant capital–labor ratio in the urban sector. Globalization via capital inflows not only enhances the employment effect of unionization but also reduces the rent-shifting related loss in production inefficiency to domestic capital, lending a support to labor unions for developing economies. This result is contrary to the common belief that labor unions tend to be weakened during the globalization process observed after 1980s in many developed economies.     

企业隐性人力资本存量价值计量方法研究

本文认为,隐性人力资本难以察觉和确认,但确实存在,同时其存量价值是不断变化的,随着员工在企业工作时间的增加,其工作经验、工作诀窍也在不断加强,而且随着岗位变化,员工隐性人力资本存量价值也会发生变化。企业隐性人力资本存量价值的计量是一个难题,理论界虽提出了许多方法,但都存在着夸大、不稳定、可操作性差等缺陷。文章以马克思“复杂劳动等于倍加的简单劳动”及微观经济学“工资等于劳动力的边际产出”的观点为基础,通过折算法计算企业隐性人力资本存量价值,能比较准确地反映隐性人力资本存量,可操作性较强,计算结果与现实情况较为接近。     

International productivity and factor price comparisons

Using OECD input–output tables for a diverse group of 33 countries in the year 2000 and estimates of each country's factor stocks, I compute factor payments for aggregate labor and capital with value-added data adjusted for self-employment by sector. Using a detailed technology matrix for the U.S., I compute factor-specific productivity measures in each country relative to the U.S., and show that these measures are strongly correlated with the pattern of wages and rental rates. I find that many low income countries with low labor productivity have relatively high capital productivity. I also find a distinctive pattern between factor productivity and factor payments depending on whether a country has a high or low wage-rental ratio compared to the U.S. I show these findings are consistent with the existence of sector-based differences in production technology and complementarities between factors.     

中国潜在产出测算比较

潜在产出指一个经济体在非加速通货膨胀的情况下,现有劳动力、资本和技术所能实现的生产水平。潜在产出对制定宏观经济政策有重要意义,在实践中应注意几个方面:一要充分考虑各地区的差异性,以保证政策最大的适用性。二要不断完善统计工作,实现统计数据的科学化和规范化,为科学研究打下良好基础。三要注重人力资本投入,增加教育投资。     

An empirical note on factor shares

In this study, we propose an explanation for why labor and capital shares do not seem to have a trend: an increasing trend in physical capital share is compensated by a decreasing trend in land share. Similarly, an increasing trend in human capital share is compensated by a decreasing trend in raw labor share. We also find empirical support for the claim that the elasticity of output with respect to reproducible factors, human and physical capital, is positively correlated with the income level. This result has important implications for economic growth theory and for empirical exercises related to economic growth.     

国家在增加城乡居民收入中的法律责任

增加城乡居民收入既是国家的政治责任,也是宪法赋予国家的法律责任,其手段主要体现为通过制度供给和财物供给,以提高劳动力素质和企业的创新能力.文章提出,基于我国的法制实情,应着重增加生产要素中公共产品供给的法律保障,逐步建立和完善国家对市场需求进行调节的法律制度体系.同时,应通过进一步完善信息公开立法,扩大和保障公众的知情权及平等参与决策的权利等,以防范可能出现的国家制度供给和财物供给失灵现象.     

Dispute over Capital Contribution in A Joint Venture

In November 1994, the Claimant and the Respondent signed an agreement to establish a limited liability entertainment company （the joint venture）. The contract required both parties to contribute capital, including a one-time payment of registered capital made within five months of acquiring the necessary license to conduct business. The joint venture obtained a copy of this license on November 30, 1994. The Claimant argued that it provided capital in full within the time limit specified by the contract and alleged that the Respondent was unable to fulfill its obligations because the property it intended to provide as capital had already been mortgaged to another party. Negotiations conducted by the parties concerning this dispute failed to produce a result. In 1996, according to the terms of the contract, the Claimant referred the matter to CIETAC for arbitration.     

要素价格扭曲与经济失衡之间的互动关系研究

劳动力、资本、能源三种生产要素价格扭曲与宏观经济失衡之间存在互动关系。通过建立超越对数生产函数,估算改革开放以来中国劳动力、资本、能源三种生产要素价格的绝对和相对扭曲程度,继而建立VAR模型,考察各内生变量之间的脉冲响应关系。研究表明,要素价格扭曲和宏观经济失衡之间存在相互强化的互动关系。应从调整供给结构、增加政府民生支出、改革要素价格形成机制、提高生产效率等多方面着手,实现宏观经济再平衡。     

新《合伙企业法》有限合伙制度的立法缺陷与克服

2006年修订的我国《合伙企业法》首次确立了有限合伙制度.有限合伙制度的精髓在于"糅合"了公司和普通合伙"两种制度"的优点,但新法在两种制度的"糅合"上还存在着未充分认识到有限合伙中两种投资的性质和资本制度的构建等方面的缺陷;两种责任的适用范围及转化的规定比较模糊;两种合伙人转换条件以及转换后的权利义务设计不合理等.应区分"两种制度"的宗旨、功能、适用条件等构建有限合伙制度,同时也应对有限合伙中两种责任及两种合伙人的转化设计合理的径路.