美国2000年人口普查数据初析

本文利用美国2000年人口普查的初步数据,对其人口发展变化的一些主要特点进行了简要的分析,分析的重点是性别、年龄和种族结构以及人口的分布与再分布.文章认为美国人口状况变化的所有特点都与国际国内人口迁移有着密切的关系.     

中国人口地区分布现状及其历史变迁

根据 2 0 0 0年人口普查资料 ,分析了我国人口的地区分布特征及其在过去 70年中的变化过程。研究表明 :中国人口分布的地区差异大 ,人口分布的总格局是东密西疏。 70多年来 ,我国人口地区分布的总趋势是由东向西倾斜 ,全国人口分布的重心也向西北方向移动 ,但在不同的历史阶段上 ,人口地区分布的变化趋势各不相同。我国人口地区分布的集中程度在降低 ,人口的分布趋于“均匀化”     

广东省劳动力人口空间分布及变动研究

以“四普”和“五普”数据为依据 ,利用人口密度、人口再分布指数、区位商、Lorenz曲线、人口集中指数等指标和方法分析了广东省劳动力人口的空间分布、变动特点及主要影响因素。研究表明 ,十年来 ,广东省劳动力人口的空间变动呈现三个基本特点 :市际差距进一步扩大 ;空间分布不稳定 ,变化幅度大 ;空间分布不均 ,集中化程度加剧。引起变动的主要原因是外来人口劳动力的空间分布差异。     

广东省劳动力人口空间分布及变动研究

以"四普"和"五普"数据为依据,利用人口密度、人口再分布指数、区位商、Lorenz曲线、人口集中指数等指标和方法分析了广东省劳动力人口的空间分布、变动特点及主要影响因素.研究表明,十年来,广东省劳动力人口的空间变动呈现三个基本特点:市际差距进一步扩大;空间分布不稳定,变化幅度大;空间分布不均,集中化程度加剧.引起变动的主要原因是外来人口劳动力的空间分布差异.     

武汉市人口空间分布变化研究

在分析武汉市人口增长与空间分布的基础上 ,研究在市区总人口持续增加的情况下 ,城市内部不同地区人口增长与变化的规律     

武汉市人口空间分布变化研究

在分析武汉市人口增长与空间分布的基础上,研究在市区总人口持续增加的情况下,城市内部不同地区人口增长与变化的规律.     

城市轨道交通对人口再分布作用的实证——以上海轨道1号线为例

通过分析上海轨道1号线开通前后土地利用变化及由此引发的人口分布变化,阐述了城市轨道交通对人口再分布的作用机制,研究了轨道交通的具体影响范围、影响力度,及在城市不同区域对人口再分布作用的差异。     

基于普查数据的中国劳动适龄人口分析

基于 2 0 0 0年人口普查数据 ,对中国劳动适龄人口的基本态势作了分析和概括 ,主要涉及劳动适龄人口的数量、增长率、自然结构、受教育程度以及劳动适龄人口分布与投资分布相互匹配的关系。中国劳动适龄人口总量庞大 ,增长迅速 ,其性别比下降 ,中位年龄增大 ,受教育程度不高 ,且存在着悬殊的地区差异。如何化解劳动适龄人口的巨大压力 ,改善就业状况 ,将是中国在今后一段很长时期内的重大问题     

城市轨道交通对人口再分布作用的实证——以上海轨道1号线为例

通过分析上海轨道1号线开通前后土地利用变化及由此引发的人口分布变化,阐述了城市轨道交通对人口再分布的作用机制,研究了轨道交通的具体影响范围、影响力度,及在城市不同区域对人口再分布作用的差异.     

从瑷珲-腾冲线的形成看人口迁移对我国人口分布的影响

东南部人口稠密,西北部人口稀少是我国人口分布的基本特点.以瑷珲-腾冲线对我国东西两壁人口分布状况的划分为依据,结合影响人口分布的主要因素及我国古今的人口分布状况的差异,分析历史上多次大规模的人口迁移对我国东西两半壁人口分布格局形成的影响.     

US aggregate demand for clothing and shoes: effects of non‐durable expenditures,price and demographic changes

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the changes in total non‐durables expenditures, prices and US demographics on demand for different clothing categories and shoes in a time‐series framework. The basis for the demand model was the almost ideal demand system model. Demographic variables included in the model were age distribution of US population (median age and variance) and proportion of non‐white population to the total US population. The results indicate that total non‐durable expenditures and price variables are significantly related to consumers’ non‐durable budget allocations for clothing categories and shoes. The results of the study also show that, among the demographic variables examined in the study, the median age and non‐white population were significant variables affecting US aggregate non‐durable expenditure allocation on men's and boy's clothing and shoes. All the demand elasticities with respect to total expenditures, own, cross‐price and demographics were also estimated.     

美国新能源政策战略意图分析

加快发展新能源产业成为奥巴马政府执政纲领的核心。这一政策有其国内经济发展模式不可持续、美国传统石油战略的代价高昂、美国在全球气候问题上的被动局面三方面主要背景。美国的这一政策既有应对金融危机,实现美国经济重振的国内目标,又有维护美国在21世纪全球领导地位的国际战略意图。虽然美国的新能源政策能否实现有待观察,但由于其战略性,将对世界经济政治带来深远影响。     

Measuring Mainstream US Cultural Values

To determine and describe ‘mainstream US culture’ responses to the Schwartz Values Survey version 57 were collected and analyzed amongst two samples, one from 49 states, disregarding state of residence, and another from 27 US states comparing samples by state, with the 27-state populations representing about 82 % of the total US population. Statistical comparisons indicate that the responses of the samples categorised by the total US and state of residence samples and Schwartz’ ten individual cultural values show a cohesive mainstream US culture of the White, generally middle class population, having high motivational value priorities for self-direction, universalism and benevolence, with lowest priorities for power and achievement. We found significant value priority differences between urban and rural residents, but minimal differences relating to gender.     

美在华直接投资对中美贸易不平衡的影响

本文利用美在华直接投资和中美贸易的相关数据通过协整检验并构建误差修正模型,较为清晰地说明中美贸易不平衡问题在很大程度上是由美在华直接投资所引致并扩大,这种引致过程主要通过美在华投资企业加工贸易返销美国造成。实质上体现了国际产业结构演进的必然结果,中美贸易不平衡的局面会作为投资贸易一体化趋势下的全球各国经济关系中的重要现象而长期存在。同时,这种贸易不平衡局面会在中国经济各方面快速发展的一个相对长期的过程中趋于平衡。     

Antecedents to Online Purchasing–An Exploratory Comparison of Anglo versus Hispanic Consumers in the United States

ABSTRACT

This exploratory research investigates whether or not Anglo versus Hispanic consumers in the United States (US) differ with respect to purchase behavior on the Internet. As a new, ground-breaking innovation, the Internet represents an entirely new medium of exchange. In this study, we address whether or not the Internet has been adopted to the same extent and in the same way(s) among Anglo and Hispanic US consumers. Anglos and Hispanics represent the two largest segments of the US population and, curiously, little if any marketing research has compared and contrasted these two groups with respect to using the Internet to make commercial purchases. Extant theory and research in electronic commerce provide a basis to suggest that there may, in fact, be differences across these two US sub-cultures. Our findings reveal that the two groups do actually differ in this regard; the data also offer insights into these differences.     

Who Files for Personal Bankruptcy in the United States?

Who files for bankruptcy in the United States is not well understood. Previous research relied on small samples from surveys or a small number of states from administrative records. Using over ten million administrative bankruptcy records linked to the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2001–2009 American Community Surveys, I document who files for bankruptcy. Compared to the US population, bankruptcy filers are middle income, more likely to be divorced, more likely to be black, more likely to be veterans, less likely to be immigrants, and more likely to have a high school degree or some college. Filers are more likely to be employed. The bankruptcy population is aging faster than the US population as a whole. Lastly, using pseudo‐panels I study what happens in the years around bankruptcy. Individuals are likely to get divorced in the years before bankruptcy and then remarry. Income falls before bankruptcy and rises after bankruptcy.     

Enhancing National Security and Energy Security in the Post-911 Era: Group Decision Support for Strategic Policy Analysis under Conditions of Conflict

Energy source diversity has become a fundamental principle of both US energy security and national security. The decision of whether or not to approve a new power plant facility in the US involves complex group decision and negotiation processes. These contentious, value-laden, and multi-faceted self organizing processes involve many decision makers (broad constituencies) with conflicting priorities and dynamic preferences, high decision stakes, limited technical information (both in terms of quality and quantity), and difficult tradeoffs. As population pressures and energy demands continue to mount, advances in conflict resolution can help to improve power plant siting processes as well as US energy security and national security. Specifically, this paper uses advances in the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution and its associated decision support system (DSS) GMCR II to analyze strategic aspects of a multi-party energy dispute involving the co-management of a shared air shed in the Fraser Lowland Eco-Region based on Sumas Energy 2 (SE2), a contentious power plant project proposed for the US side of the international border between the city of Abbotsford, British Columbia and town of Sumas, Washington. GMCR II provides strategic insights for enhancing energy security, national security, and environmental risk management in the United States.     

Spatial heterogeneity of country-of-origin effects within a country: analysis of online review ratings in the US car market

We investigate spatial heterogeneity of country-of-origin effects (COEs) within a country and its determinants. Drawing on the literature of COEs and information economics, we maintain that COEs are heterogeneous across regions within a country, which bears important implications to better understand subnational heterogeneity of consumer preferences. We employ a geographically weighted regression model, a spatial analysis to estimate varying COEs across regions in the USA, and analyze online review ratings of US and foreign car bands in the US market during the 2008–2014 period. The results show that (1) COEs of car brands from Germany, Japan, Korea, and the UK are heterogeneous across regions in the USA; (2) geographic distance from the country-of-origin exerts negative influences on COEs; and (3) the proportion of population born in the country-of-origin positively influences COEs.     

美国FDA食品安全现代化法案解读与评析

对美国2011年初出台的《FDA食品安全现代化法案》进行了解读和评析,介绍了该法案的修法背景、立法目的和适用范围,以及对现行食品安全法律《联邦食品药品化妆品法》的主要修改和新设立的法律制度与措施,分析了美国进口食品安全监管新举措对我国输美食品生产企业和相关行业的影响。建议密切跟踪FDA食品安全现代化法案的实施情况和配套法规的制定进程,深入研究并积极应对美国第三方审核认可制度,系统评估美国进口食品安全监管新举措对我国可能造成的影响,学习借鉴美国现代化食品的安全监管理念和科学的法律制度设计。     

Impacts of the US Trade and Financial Sanctions on Iran

This article presents a case study of the effectiveness of the US unilateral trade and financial sanctions on Iran. To assess the trade sanctions’ effect, the US–Iran historical trade data are examined, and the economic cost of trade sanctions is measured by applying the concept of welfare loss. The financial sanctions’ impacts are evaluated by assessing the extra charges Iran has paid on its foreign debt obligations and for financing its oil development projects. At the end, the efficacy of the US sanctions policy towards Iran is evaluated. It is found that the financial sanctions have had a more powerful impact than the trade sanctions. The analysis also shows that the unilateral import sanctions on the fungible crude oil have been ineffective. It is concluded that, overall, the sanctions’ economic effect has been significant, while its political effect has been minimal. This article suggests that targeting the sanctions towards the ruling clergy can improve their effectiveness while lessening their side effects on the Iranian population. Precise smart sanctions to force the ruling clerics to step down will calm down Islamic fundamentalisms throughout the region and will contribute to peace and better relations with the West.