4种食品中大肠杆菌检测方法评价

[目的]探求快速、灵敏、可靠的检测食品中大肠杆菌的方法。[方法]通过选择性鉴定试验、敏感性试验及其在食品检测中的应用效果对大肠杆菌的4种检测方法：GB/T4789.38-2008第一法、SN/T1896-2007第二法、GB/T4789.38-2008第三法与COLI ID显色培养基法进行比较研究。[结果]4种方法检测对大肠杆菌选择性良好,SN/T1896-2007第二法敏感性较GB/T4789.38-2008第一法稍高,GB/T4789.38-2008第三法与COLI ID显色培养基法敏感性相差不大;4种方法应用在食品检测中,大肠杆菌阳性检出率无显著差异。[结论]SN/T1896-2007第二法、GB/T4789.38-2008第三法与COLI ID显色培养基法耗费比GB/T4789.38-2008第一法高,但检测周期短,可节省人力,具有快速、方便的优点,在日常检测中值得推广应用。     

磷矿产品取样方法研究

[目的] 找到所抽取样品具有代表性、达到一定精度要求的、省时省力的磷矿产品取样方法.[方法]根据GB/T2007-1987<散装矿产品取样、制样通则>的数理统计理论,对磷矿取样方法进行了进一步研究.[结果] 制订出了不同检验批量应取最少份样数和取样精密度、总精密度统计表;同时对系统、车卡和货堆三种取样条件下的样品进行了精密度校核试验, 完全达到设计要求.[结论] 本研究方法理论严谨、依据科学、取样份样数少,可操作性强.     

免疫亲和柱净化快速测定油籽和食用植物油中赭曲霉毒素A

针对油籽和食用植物油中可能污染的霉菌毒素-赭曲霉毒素A采用免疫亲和柱净化手段,建立了快速筛选方法(荧光光度法)和确证方法(液相色谱法).本方法在1～50μg/kg添加范围内的回收率为64.7%～120%,符合SN/T0001-1995的规定,可以满足快速、准确检测的需要.     

贵阳市水果源性食品真实性检测研究

目的:对2017年贵阳市在售的高标价且深加工的水果制品进行真实性的抽样检测,在省内首先实践相关检测技术,为市场监督和管理部门提供参考。方法:由贵州省产品质量监督检验院专业抽样人员进行随机抽样,蜜饯、水果干制品、果酱各10批次,均含有散装和包装产品,按照SN/T 3729-2013和SN/T 4849-2017对样品进行检测。结果:未检出有不同于标签明示的植物源性成分的批次。结论:目前市售主流的高标价且深加工的水果制品无明显掺假和造假情况。     

谈瓦楞纸箱用纸板粘合强度的检测现状与改进

作为制作瓦楞纸箱用的瓦楞纸板,它主要由面纸,瓦楞纸,夹心及里纸通过相互间的粘结而成,各层间粘结的好坏直接关系到瓦楞纸板的质量,对瓦楞纸箱的质量具有较大的影响,所以国家标准GB5034GB6544及GB6548对瓦楞纸板的粘合强度和检测方法都作了相应的规定,但由于两者之间的单位不一致及未提及纸板中的哪一层的粘合强度应达到所规定的指标,使人们在执行该指标时感到有一定的疑惑,为此原国家商检局制订对瓦楞纸箱的粘合强度作了详细的规定.笔者根据长期的纸箱检验和检测的经验发现目前标准中对粘合强度的规定存在着许多不合理处,现就此问题并针对SN/T0262-93中对粘合强度的有关规定作一探讨.     

SN/T 1568—2005标准中有关问题值得商榷

根据SN/T1568-2005《进出口保健(功能)食品检验规程》的规定,抽样数量是这样规定的:100箱以下抽5箱,不足5箱的全数抽取,100箱以上按如下公式计算抽取件数:     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量的不确定度

本文参照SN/T 1864-2007《进出口动物源食品中氯霉素残留量的检测方法液相色谱-串联质谱法》中检测方法,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定蜂蜜中的氯霉素残留量,按照JJF 1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度的评定》的指导,通过建立数学模型,分析不确定度的来源,对其进行量化,由此确定影响检测结果的主要因素,反映该方法的置信度。     

化纤丝束检验SN标准存在的问题及其修订建议

以SN/T0459-1995标准的起草、发布与实施十年来存在的问题与近期修订情况为例,探讨了对其他化纤丝束检验SN标准亟待修订的现状及修订的目标与方法.     

进境种猪及牛羊隔离检疫场知识速览

近年来,随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,企业从国外引进优良种畜的批次和数量激增,为满足检疫需求,进境动物隔离检疫场随之不断增加。2021年11月22日,海关总署发布了第97号公告(关于发布《进境种猪指定隔离检疫场建设规范》等83项行业标准的公告) 其中,《进境牛羊指定隔离检疫场建设规范》(SN/T 4233-2021)是对《进境牛羊指定隔离场建设要求》(SN/T 4233-2015)的修订,《进境种猪指定隔离检疫场建设规范》(SN/T 2032-2021)是对《进境种猪指定隔离检疫场建设规范》(SN/T 2032-2019)的修订。本文结合《进境动物隔离检疫场使用监督管理办法》、新版标准等文件,着重介绍进境种猪及牛羊隔离检疫场(以下简称"进境动物隔离检疫场")的知识及业务办理要点。     

液质联用法测定白酒中甜蜜素含量的不确定度评定

目的:评定液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定白酒中甜蜜素含量的不确定度。方法:本文依据SN/T 1948-2007《进出口食品中环己基氨基磺酸钠的检测方法液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》及JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对测量过程中的不确定度来源进行分析和合成。结果:当被测样品中甜蜜素含量为0.291 5μg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为(0.291 5±0.0127)μg/kg,k=2。结论:重复性测定及液相色谱质谱仪的稳定性是食品中甜蜜素检测准确与否的关键所在。     

液相色谱-串联质谱测定枸杞、大青叶等中药材中6种黄曲霉毒素

建立了中药材中6种黄曲霉素毒素的液相色谱串联质谱测定方法。中药材样品经粉碎后,采用70％的甲醇溶液高速搅拌、超声提取,提取液经免疫亲和柱净化后采用液相色谱一串联质谱仪测定黄曲霉毒素,外标法定量。可同时检测样品中黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素M1、黄曲霉毒素M2等6种黄曲霉毒素。方法的检出限为0.3μg／kg,定量限为1μg／kg,各基质在1μg／kg、5μg／kg、10μg／kg等3个水平的添加回收率（n=5）为78．9％-100.2％,相对标准偏差为4．2％-12．6％。该方法的检测速度快,基质干扰较少,结果准确、可靠,定量限可满足国内外对中药材黄曲霉毒素相关限量的要求。     

Applying the theory of reasoned action to examine consumers' attitude and willingness to purchase organic foods

The organic food market has emerged as a growing trend among consumers. The present study examines the relationship between Health Consciousness (HC), Organic Food Knowledge (OFK), Subjective Norms (SN), Price Perception (PP), Environmental Concern (EC), Attitude (ATT), Willingness to Purchase (WP), and Actual Buying Behaviour (ABB) towards organic food. Furthermore, the study explores the mediating effects of ATT and WP in the relationship between the aforesaid variables and ABB. The data was collected from 240 respondents using convenience sampling approach. The Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) using ADANCO 2.2 is used to test the hypotheses of the conceptual model proposed in the present study. The study found that the variables HC, OFK, SN, EC, ATT, WP significantly affect the ABB. Also, it is observed that EC is the strongest predictor of ATT, WP, and ABB in organic food purchase, whereas PP is the least influencing factor. Further, HC positively influences ATT and WP but shows a negative association with ABB. The antecedents HC, OFK, SN, PP, EC has shown a significant indirect effect on ABB among respondents through ATT and WP. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

影响漏电起痕试验结果的因素分析

针对绝缘材料漏电起痕试验中存在的影响正确试验结果的问题,例如试样选取、试样预处理、溶液配置、实验设备清洗及安装等方面,本文根据GB/T 4207-2003和IEC60112-2003标准的要求,通过对标准的理解和经验的总结,提出了影响漏电起痕实验结果的各种因素及相应的处理方法,在一定程度上能够减少试验误差,提高试验准确性,有助于相关检测部门改进试验方法。     

中国与欧盟木制家具生态标志技术要求的比较

欧盟于2009年11月30日通过了关于建立授予木制家具生态标签的标准的决议——2009/894/EC,中国也有对家具环境标志的技术要求HJ/T 303-2006。本文对两者关于木制家具生态标志的技术要求作了比较。     

The Protection of Consumers' Interests After the Implementation of the EC Injunctions Directive Into German and English Law

This article briefly outlines the development of EC law on litigation by consumer associations (Part A) and then analyses German and U.K. law, highlighting the recent law reforms instigated by the adoption of Directive 98/27/EC on injunctions for the protection of consumers' interests (Parts B and C). The article argues that the traditionally divergent approaches in Germany and the U.K. are continued and reveals differences both in the details of the relevant regulations and in the general role consumer groups will be able to play in protecting the collective interests of consumers. It is demonstrated that the reluctance of the U.K. approach is neither in line with the intentions of the EC nor justified in the light of the German experience. The article concludes with proposals for the U.K. law reform and argues that a less restrictive, or maybe revolutionary, approach should be followed by the U.K. legislator (Part D).     

Protectionism in EC-US trade relations

During the 1950s and early 1960s the trading interests of the US and the EC generally coincided, with the result that tariff negotiations could be held successfully. Since that time the interests of the US and the EC have diverged somewhat, and pressures for increased protection have arisen.     

微波辅助催化合成尿囊素的研究

以—水乙醛酸和尿素为原料，对甲基苯磺酸—磷酸构成的复合酸作为催化剂，利用微波辅助加热技术，经环化缩合反应制备了医药和有机合成中间体及日化助剂尿囊素。研究表明，微波辅助加热可以有效地提高反应效率，反应中的微波辐射功率以500-700W为宜；在微波辐射功率为650W时，微波加热反应15min后尿囊素收率可达60％左右，结果相当于普通加热方式加热反应6h的效果。产品经元素分析、熔点测定、红外光谱表征并用滴定法测定其纯度，尿囊素含量在98％以上。     

基于模糊层次分析法的检验检疫工作评价

采用模糊层次分析法对检验检疫工作质量进行风险分析,指出业务工作制度和检验检疫执法能力是保障检验检疫工作质量的主要因素,同时对出境水产品检验检疫工作质量风险开展了综合评价。     

Socio-economic differentials in injury risk

The aim was to highlight the role of childcare products as causes for mild brain injury (concussion) in small children (0-4 years of age) and to determine the most dangerous products. By childcare products this report means the following items: child and baby furniture, nursing tables, baby walkers, toys, baby carriages, sport equipment for children, playground equipment and security equipment for children. The data were derived from the EHLASS (European Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System) for 1998 and 1999 and covered a restricted population of Sweden (approximately 5 per cent). According to this register 182 mild brain injuries (concussions) were recorded following a fall, an accident or a blow to the head among children (0-4 years of age) during 1998 and 158 for 1999. Of those injuries, childcare products were the cause of the accident in 84 (46 per cent) and 76 (48 per cent) cases respectively for 1998 and 1999. The number of children admitted for hospital care was 68 (57/84) and 74 (56/76) per cent respectively. The home was the most common place of the accident and play and leisure activity were the most common activities. More than 50 per cent of these accidents took place during daytime. The product type that caused most accidents was nursery furniture and, in this category, the baby walker was the most dangerous. The product type that caused the second most frequent accidents was playground equipment.