国外技术壁垒对我国出口的影响及对策

技术壁垒就是各国为了保护本国的利益而设置的进出口障碍,而当前各国已经广泛利用技术壁垒措施来限制出口国贸易,其中我国受国外技术壁垒的影响就较为严重。因此,提高科学技术,积极应对技术壁垒具有重要的意义。本文主要从技术壁垒的概述出发,阐述了国外技术壁垒对我国进出口的影响以及应对措施。     

国外技术壁垒对我国出口的影响及对策2

技术壁垒就是各国为了保护本国的利益而设置的进出口障碍,而当前各国已经广泛利用技术壁垒措施来限制出口国贸易,其中我国受国外技术壁垒的影响就较为严重。因此,提高科学技术,积极应对技术壁垒具有重要的意义。本文主要从技术壁垒的概述出发,阐述了国外技术壁垒对我国进出口的影响以及应对措施。     

出口企业应对技术壁垒策略

据商务部调查,2000年我国66%的出口企业,25%的出口产品受到国外技术壁垒的限制,造成损失110亿美元;2002年,我国有71%的出口企业,39%的出口产品受到国外技术壁垒的限制,造成损失170亿美元;2003年,科技部的调查表明,我国81%的出口企业受到国外技术性贸易措施的影响,减少出口约占2     

技术壁垒71%中国出口企业"很受伤"

近年来,我国相当数量的传统优势产品频繁遭遇国外技术壁垒,出口纷纷受阻,有的甚至被迫退出了市场。商务部最新调查表明,国外技术壁垒对我出口的影响日益加剧,2002年我国71％的出口企业,39％的出口产品受到国外技术壁垒的限制,造成损失170亿美元,相当于当年出口额的5.2％。     

浅谈技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口的影响及对策

随着国际贸易的迅速发展 ,技术性贸易壁垒已成为非关税壁垒中的重要手段并为各国所利用。在贸易实践中 ,TBT逐渐呈现出形势多样化 ,范围广泛及扩散效应引人注目的特点 ,并使科技进步和贸易保护主义对其影响日益加大。我国在积极应对国外技术壁垒的同时也应建立科学合理的、符合本国实际的技术壁垒体系和预警机制 ,优化贸易商品结构 ,实施绿色营销与管理策略。培育我国对外贸易的竞争力 ,从而在对峙中求主动 ,在合作中求发展     

“WTO后过渡期”如何提升肉鸡出口竞争力

据商务部调查,2000年我国66%的出口企业,25%的出口产品受到国外技术壁垒的限制,造成损失110亿美元;2002年,我国有71%的出口企业,39%的出口产品受到国外技术壁垒的限制,造成损失170亿美元;2003年,科技部的调查表明,我国81%的出口企业受到国外技术性贸易措施的影响,减少出口约占2     

日本技术壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策

近年来,日本对我国农产品设置了越来越多的贸易技术壁垒,给我国农产品出口造成了广泛而深远的不利影响。分析日本技术壁垒的表现形式、产生原因及对我国的农产品出口的影响,并找出相应的积极对策,对于防范、消除日本技术壁垒对我国农产品出口的不利影响具有重要的现实意义     

技术壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及应对措施

中国加入WTO后,随着农产品出口的稳步增长,技术壁垒日渐成为影响我国农产品出口的障碍。文章通过对技术壁垒的回顾以及对我国农产品出口遭遇技术壁垒的分析,从利用规则和修炼“内功”两方面提出了我国农产品应对技术壁垒的措施。     

如何遏制出口货物通关中的“飞单”现象

当前,欧美等发达国家纷纷采用各种近乎苛刻标准来设置技术壁垒,实行贸易保护,近期一些国外媒体更是对我国出口产品质量和食品安全问题恶意热炒,企图对中国产品"妖魔化",限制我国产品进入该国市场,我国外贸出口面临严峻的形势和挑战。     

我国农产品出口面临技术壁垒的现状及对策

中国加入WTO后,随着农产品出口的稳步增长,技术壁垒日渐成为影响我国农产品出口的障碍。本文通过对我国农产品出口遭遇技术壁垒现状的分析,从利用规则和修炼"内功"两方面提出了我国农产品应对技术壁垒的措施。     

Perceived Export Problems and Export Involvement:

A relatively limited amount of empirical research has focused on problems and issues pertaining to exporting from countries not associated with an advanced level of economic development. This paper reports on a systematic study of problems experienced by Greek exporting manufacturers in their trading activities with overseas distributors based in European Community (EC). In this context, an attempt is made, firstly, to investigate the underlying structure of exporting problems, and secondly, to examine the extent to which there are significant differences in perceptions of exporting problems based upon the degree of export involvement. A number of significant differences are found to exist in perceived export problems between different exporter categories in terms of export involvement. The implications of the study for business practitioners and public policy makers are highlighted, and future research directions are identified and discussed.     

跟着邻居去出口?——邻居出口信号、不确定性与出口目的地本土集聚

本文识别了一种新型出口集聚方式,即出口目的地的本土集聚,并基于理论和实证两个维度从邻居出口信号的角度解释了其发生原因。本文理论研究表明,与经典理论不同,当存在信息不对称时,企业的出口决策并不是独立完成,而是基于"邻居"所发出的出口信号综合权衡的结果,因此利好的邻居出口信号会带动企业向同一目的国出口,从而出现出口目的地的本土集聚,但较大的市场不确定性会削弱信号的可信度,从而抑制这一集聚过程。在经验研究中,本文基于2000—2016年的海关数据测度了中国的出口目的地本土集聚,发现出口目的地本土集聚程度逐年上升,且与目的地不确定性呈现负相关。基准研究发现利好的邻居出口信号显著提高了出口目的地本土集聚的程度,利用事件分析联合倍差法(ESDID)克服了潜在的内生性问题并引入一种新颖的两阶段方法检验了目的国市场不确定性影响的理论假说,本文的结论意味着,在外部环境相对较差的背景下,信息的透明度与信号传递的正确性、及时性会极大地影响到中国出口目的地分布与出口安全。     

出口退税政策与我国出口商品结构优化——基于不同技术程度行业的研究

本文基于不同技术程度行业考察了2001年1月至2008年8月我国出口退税政策对出口商品结构影响的实际效应。研究得出了以下结论:(1)出口退税政策对我国出口商品结构中初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业出口影响十分显著,对高新技术行业影响不显著或影响较小。(2)出口退税政策与我国出口商品结构中初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业出口比重呈显著正相关,与高新技术行业的相关性不明确。(3)出口退税政策对我国出口商品结构中初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业出口影响比高新技术行业更明显。针对以上结论本文提出两点建议:第一,从优化我国出口商品结构的角度看,我国出口商品结构调整应主要针对初级产品行业和劳动密集型行业进行,效果会更加明显。第二,在失业率较高时期可以通过提高劳动密集型行业出口退税率来增加就业。     

Export transitions

This paper uses a broad multi-country dataset to describe the main stylized facts about export performance in the last four decades. First, transition probability matrices are computed to look at changes in the position of countries at the world distribution of the export to GDP ratio. It finds that transitions toward high export ratios have been mainly experienced by Asian countries, but also that some reformers, like Mexico and Chile, have been able to improve their position relative to other studied economies. African countries mainly sunk to the bottom part of the world distribution, although they constitute only half of the economies with relatively bad export performance. In the consideration of the structural factors that may play an important role for long-run transitions, the results suggest that more open economies and those with better institutions are more likely to move to high export ratios in the long-run. Second, the within-country experiences are analyzed for identifying episodes of export transitions. Using an event study methodology, a very weak association is found between export transitions and investment rate. In contrast, the results suggest that transitions are potentially driven by improvements in financial development. Finally, favorable terms of trade, increments in productivity, and reductions in exchange rate distortions are not found to be a catalyst for export transitions.     

Export and imperfect hedging

Abstract

This paper considers the effects of trade liberalization on child labor that arises out of subsistence needs. It argues that favorable income effects are most likely to reduce the need for child labor in the South, even when export goods have a necessity character. However, in very poor economies, aggregate hours of child labor can also increase as a result of more open trade. Although the poorest families are the ones who benefit the most from trade in a Heckscher – Ohlin setting, their income gains might not be high enough to make them withdraw their children from work, while adverse income effects can raise the incidence of child labor among the less poor. The paper provides empirical support for the argument by finding that in a country panel, increases in trade openness are associated with significantly smaller reductions in child labor among the poorest food exporters than among food exporters on average.     

Export Entry,Export Exit and Productivity in German Manufacturing Industries

This paper contributes to the flourishing literature on exports and productivity by using a unique newly available panel of exporting establishments from the manufacturing sector of Germany from 1995 to 2004 to test three hypotheses motivated by a theoretical model by Hopenhayn (Econometrica 1992): (H1) Firms that stop exporting in year t were in t?1 less productive than firms that continue to export in t. (H2) Firms that start to export in year t are less productive than firms that export both in year t?1 and in year t. (H3) Firms from a cohort of export starters that still export in the last year of the panel were more productive in the start year than firms from the same cohort that stopped exporting in between. While results for West Germany support all three hypotheses, this is only the case for (H1) and (H2) in East Germany.     

从前100位出口商品看中日韩出口结构竞争

本文在进行了中日韩前100位出口商品的出口额、占本国出口比重、重合品目、行业分布、技术层次、加工程度等层面的比较分析基础上,得出结论、指出问题,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

中国出口部门的生态效率评价

为了定量评估中国对外贸易的可持续性,本文基于非竞争型投入产出模型提出了生态效率的评价方法,区分了完全生态效率和直接生态效率。在此基础上实证分析了2002—2006年中国出口部门总体生态效率的变化趋势及其相对于消费和投资的生态效率水平。分别基于直接生态效率和完全生态效率对高效率和低效率的出口产品或服务进行了认定,并对这两种评价结果做了比较。     

TBT对宁波出口贸易的影响与对策

近年来在国际贸易实践中,技术性贸易壁垒已成为21世纪阻碍中国产品进入国际市场的首要非关税壁垒,据统计,国外技术性贸易壁垒对宁波贸易的影响比加入WTO前更加严重,削弱了宁波具有比较优势的行业的出口竞争力。发达国家过度或滥用TBT,对宁波形成了严重的贸易压力。     

Export Stages and Export Barriers: Revisiting Traditional Export Development

This study revisits the stage model dialogue by testing seven hypotheses on the relationship between stages of export development and the influence of export barriers. Empirical data are based on a sample of 145 New Zealand firms, and the analysis combines a six‐stage framework with an illustrative list of barriers, while going a step further than previous research by examining the effect of covariates. Empirical results demonstrate that resource constraints, marketing barriers, knowledge and experience barriers, and export‐procedure barriers are “export stage dependent.” However, regarding export‐stage‐dependent barriers, differences exist only when we compare the early to the very advanced stages of development. These results also refute the grand hypothesis, which suggests an inverse relationship between export stages and the influence of export barriers. While the stage model typology still provides a practicable basis for need‐based segmentation, it does not capture completely the heterogeneity associated with the middle stages. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.