制造企业创新网络与双元性学习——基于垂直、水平创新网络的比较研究

文章将制造企业创新网络分为垂直创新网络和水平创新网络，构建有调节的中介效应模型，探索了两类创新网络对双元性学习的差异化影响机制，揭示了有效提升企业双元性学习的相关创新网络特征。实证研究发现，网络强度主要通过提升网络质量，间接促进双元性学习，且垂直网络的效果优于水平网络。垂直网络规模对双元性学习有正向的直接和间接效应，而水平网络规模对双元性学习的效应均不显著。网络管理能力强化了垂直网络强度对双元性学习的积极影响，弱化了水平网络规模对双元性学习的消极影响。     

跨国并购对企业创新效率的影响研究

本文以2003-2018年A股上市公司为样本,利用企业首次跨国并购行为作为准自然实验,运用基于匹配的双重差分方法,衡量跨国并购对企业创新效率的影响。研究结果表明,实施跨国并购能够提高企业的创新效率,而创新促进效应是否能够持续依赖于后续研发投入的多少。进一步研究发现,市场获取型并购企业通过加大实用新型、外观设计方面的研发力度,有效地推动了企业创新效率的提升。本文结论对改进和完善企业跨国并购策略、支持企业充分利用国际市场开展资源配置、推动企业创新效率的提升具有重要的启示意义。     

新兴市场企业跨国并购、政治关联与创新绩效——基于并购异质性视角的解释

近年来,以中国企业为代表的新兴市场企业在跨国并购中异军突起,表现出了强烈的创新追赶动机。本文采用2011—2014年中国上市公司跨国并购数据,从跨国并购异质性视角实证研究了跨国并购的创新效应,同时整合制度理论,分析了政治关联的调节作用。实证结果显示:跨国并购规模与创新绩效显著负相关,技术获取型跨国并购与创新绩效显著正相关,跨国并购股权与创新绩效显著正相关。进一步研究表明政治关联存在"诅咒效应",总体上对跨国并购异质性与创新绩效之间的关系具有负向调节作用。本文为厘清跨国并购对企业创新绩效的影响机制提供了新的理论视角,同时对新兴市场企业的跨国并购实践具有一定的启发价值。     

数字并购如何影响企业突破性创新——基于知识宽度和创新效率的分析

使用2010—2020年中国A股上市公司的数字并购数据，基于面板固定效应负二项回归模型研究企业数字并购行为对突破性创新的影响效应及其影响机制。实证研究发现：数字并购能够有效促进企业突破性创新，通过PSM-DID和控制函数法对自选择偏差、双向因果和遗漏变量带来的内生性问题加以控制后，这一结论依然成立。中介效应检验表明，数字并购可以通过拓广企业知识宽度和提升创新效率来促进企业突破性创新。调节效应显示，知识吸收能力和资源冗余均会加强数字并购对突破性创新的促进作用。本文的研究结论对国家做优做强数字经济以及提升企业突破性创新水平具有一定的启示意义。     

跨国并购中的双重网络嵌入对装备制造业技术创新的影响——基于程序化扎根理论

基于程序化扎根理论和知识吸收视角,通过三个经典案例分析了装备制造企业在跨国并购中的双重网络嵌入对其技术创新的影响过程,提出了核心范畴是"跨国并购中双重网络嵌入的推进促使技术创新能力不断提升",并根据该分析过程建立了双重网络嵌入对装备制造业技术创新的影响路径理论模型。     

国内国际创新合作网络与城市创新

现有关于创新合作网络与城市创新的研究主要聚焦于一国内部的城市间创新合作网络，较少关注国际创新合作网络对城市创新的影响，更鲜有文献将国内创新合作网络与国际创新合作网络放在同一个研究框架下。本文从理论和实证两个层面研究了国内国际创新合作网络对城市创新的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，这两种创新合作网络都能够促进城市创新，但尚未形成互补性的协同效应。异质性分析发现，国内创新合作网络对长三角城市群和珠三角城市群城市创新水平的提升作用更为显著，而国际创新合作网络对珠三角城市群城市创新水平的提升作用更为突出。作用机制研究表明，国内创新合作网络通过技术领域集约边际和技术领域扩展边际两大渠道影响城市创新，而国际创新合作网络主要通过技术领域集约边际影响城市创新。     

基于知识特征的知识密集型产业创新网络合作度对创新绩效的影响研究

在知识经济全球化及产业网络化的背景下,基于合作关系形成的知识密集型产业创新网络成为该产业创新活动的重要组织形式。如何提升该网络的创新能力成为理论界和实践界的重要议题。文章在梳理关于创新网络的文献基础上,首先研究网络合作度对知识密集型产业创新网络创新绩效的影响;其次,剖析在此作用中知识存量的完全中介效应和知识异质性的倒U调节效应;最后,对吉林省新能源汽车产业创新网络进行实证研究以验证上述理论。     

创新策源能力、关键使能技术与经济高质量发展

本文系统分析创新策源能力影响经济发展质量的直接效应、异质性效应和关键使能技术的调节效应，并基于2003—2018年中国285个地级及以上城市的面板数据开展实证检验。研究发现，创新策源能力显著提升我国经济发展质量，其影响效应存在异质性，对大中城市、东中部地区城市及创新型城市的提升效果更大，且党的十八大以来的提升效果更显著。进一步地，关键使能技术正向调节创新策源能力对经济发展质量的提升效应。这一结论对优化创新策源地建设和经济高质量发展的政策设计具有一定的参考价值。     

分析师跟踪网络与企业合作创新

随着技术结构日益复杂，合作创新逐渐成为企业提升创新能力的重要战略选择。本文基于社会网络理论，以2007—2020年A股上市公司数据，实证检验分析师跟踪网络对企业合作创新的影响。研究发现，分析师跟踪网络有助于企业间信息共享，进而促进企业合作创新，实地调研是分析师跟踪网络在企业间传递信息的方式。异质性检验发现，分析师跟踪网络对企业合作创新的影响在吸收能力强、高新技术企业、经济政策不确定性高以及市场化程度高的情况下更显著。经济后果检验发现，分析师跟踪网络提升了企业价值，且合作创新在其中发挥了部分中介作用。研究结论有助于理解社会网络的作用以及分析师的角色，并为企业合作创新的实施提供借鉴。     

外资并购促进了目标企业创新吗

中国正处于经济发展的新阶段,立足于畅通国内国际双循环的新发展格局,利用全球资源实现经济转型和创新发展是题中要义.外资并购作为对外开放下获取外部资源以推动高质量发展的重要手段,能否促进目标企业创新?本文以2000-2013年的中国工业企业为研究对象,在倾向得分匹配法的基础上使用双重差分模型估计外资并购对目标企业的创新效应.实证结果表明,外资并购能够提高目标企业的创新数量,但对创新质量没有显著性影响;考虑企业规模异质性后发现,大规模目标企业的创新数量和创新质量都得以提升,而小规模企业相反.渠道检验表明,外资并购通过提高目标企业的知识基础、人力资本和生产效率促进企业创新.进一步研究外资并购创新效应的影响因素发现,外资并购对高技术水平、产业链下游和高市场集中度的目标企业的创新数量有正向效应,对高技术水平、产业链上游和高市场集中度的大规模目标企业的创新质量有正向效应.本文拓展了外资并购与企业创新的交叉研究,为利用全球资源实现高质量发展提供有价值的现实经验和参考依据.     

目的国网络嵌入、本土化服务能力与跨境B2C出口企业绩效：海外仓策略的一个理论解释

为探索海外仓情境下跨境B2C出口企业绩效的提升路径，以本土化服务能力为中介解释目的国网络嵌入和企业绩效之间的关系，将目的国网络嵌入区分为知识嵌入、商业嵌入和政治嵌入三个维度，把本土化服务能力区分为本土化物流服务能力、本土化分销服务能力和本土化冲突协调能力三个维度，从而构建了“目的国网络嵌入→本土化服务能力→跨境B2C出口企业绩效”模型。基于PLS-SEM结构方程建模方法对问卷调查数据进行实证分析，研究结果表明：海外仓情境下目的国网络嵌入和本土化服务能力对跨境B2C出口企业绩效都具有显著影响；本土化服务能力在目的国网络嵌入对跨境B2C出口企业绩效的影响路径上具有完全中介作用；知识嵌入仅通过本土化物流服务能力的中介对跨境B2C出口企业绩效产生影响。     

Similarities and differences among cross-border M&A and greenfield FDI determinants: Evidence from Asia and Oceania

Firms choose either cross-border M&A or greenfield foreign direct investment (FDI) when expanding their operations overseas. In this study, by focusing on Japanese firms pursuing FDI in emerging countries in Asia and Oceania, we provide empirical evidence of the similarities and differences in cross-border M&A and greenfield FDI determinants. We derive the following four main conclusions. First, an increase in host-country population size and decreases in per capita income and corporate tax rates generally attract both inward cross-border M&A and greenfield FDI to the host country. Second, however, a home-country firm tends to choose cross-border M&A rather than greenfield FDI when the host country sufficiently implements shareholder rights laws and the firm tends to choose greenfield FDI rather than cross-border M&A when the host country adequately enforces intellectual property rights laws. Third, a firm tends to choose greenfield FDI when the firm already has regional networks in the host country and choose cross-border M&A when the purpose of the firm's overseas operations is to establish sales distribution channels. Finally, a firm pursuing cross-border M&A experiences higher cumulative abnormal returns in its stock prices following the investment, while a firm pursuing greenfield FDI experiences increases in its stock prices immediately before the investment.     

Do cross-border mergers and acquisitions increase short-term market performance? The case of Chinese firms

Despite the new momentum in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by emerging market firms, we have a limited understanding of the impact of these activities. Drawing on signalling theory and the institution-based view, this paper examines the extent of stock market reactions to the announcement of cross-border M&A deals, based on an event study of a sample of Chinese firms during the period 2000–2012. The findings indicate that the announcement of cross-border M&As results in a positive stock market reaction; this effect is more significant in the mainland Chinese stock markets (Shanghai and Shenzhen) than that in the Hong Kong market. The shareholders of Chinese firms that acquire a target firm in a host country with a low level of political risk gain higher cumulative abnormal returns than those firms targeting companies in countries with a high level of political risk. The shareholders of Chinese state-owned enterprises experience lower abnormal returns compared with those of Chinese privately owned firms when engaging in cross-border M&A deals.     

From local to global innovation: The role of subsidiaries’ external relational embeddedness in an emerging market

This study examines factors that influence the development and transformation of local innovations into global innovations from an emerging market subsidiary. We argue that subsidiaries’ relational embeddedness with the external local network is essential for the development of local innovations. Turning local innovations into global ones is the result of the level of innovativeness evoked by the subsidiary located in an emerging market. However, the transformation of local into global innovations is more likely to happen in the case of subsidiaries having previous reverse knowledge transfers in functional areas. Reverse knowledge transfers indicate internal embeddedness, which is essential for local innovation to be transformed into global innovation. We draw on survey evidence from 131 foreign subsidiaries operating in Brazil. Using a Structural Equation Modeling technique, our results support our hypotheses and show that subsidiaries’ relational embeddedness with the external local network is positively associated with local innovation, which is transformed into global innovation, especially when innovation is developed in the subsidiary´s functional areas with previous reverse knowledge transfers. We draw implications for the field of subsidiary management research, specifically to understand the role of local innovation from foreign subsidiaries in emerging markets.     

An innovation perspective on Chinese retailers' competitive advantage

Given the emergence of strong local retail firms in China over the last two decades, this paper aims to explore their competence enhancement and capability building process from the innovation perspective. Innovative measures on retail format, activity and governance dimensions of three leading local retailers in China are investigated using an in-depth case study approach. After each case is studied on the three dimensions, a cross-case analysis is conducted using thematic analysis to examine their innovative strategies and to explore their sources of innovation. The three cases share notable similarities in their strategies that are in sharp contrast to those of foreign retailers. On the retail format dimension, they have all achieved differentiation by formulating niche strategies and succeeded in creating a strong reputation among customers and retaining the same. On the retailing activities dimension, they have all developed a profit-making model through unique supply chain management and stressed construction of logistics centres and operational standardisation. On the governance dimension, they have established an efficient incentive and reward mechanism to motivate employees and encourage innovative practice. They have also built long-term collaborative relationships with their suppliers. Based on these three cases, it is also found that local embeddedness, latecomers' advantages, business agility and a risk taking entrepreneurial mentality are the crucial factors behind the generation of efficient innovations of China's local retailers. With these findings, this paper has extended and enriched existing knowledge on latecomers' catch up and service innovation. It has constructed an analytical framework for retail innovation by building on relevant attempts in the existing literature. A theoretical framework that explains how indigenous Chinese retailers have managed to successfully compete with foreign retailers in China using innovative strategies has also been established based on empirical data.     

Enhancing performance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in developed markets: The role of business ties and technological innovation capability

This study examines the determinants of performance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (cross-border M&As) in developed markets initiated by firms from emerging markets. Drawing on social network theory and organizational innovation literature, we hypothesize that business ties of the acquiring firm increase performance of cross-border M&As via enhancing the acquiring firm's technological innovation capability and that environmental turbulence strengthens this mediating model. Moreover, the interplay of cultural distance and technological innovation capability would decrease performance of cross-border M&As. To test the model, we collected data from 186 Chinese firms initiating cross-border M&As in developed markets. As predicted, we found that (1) technological innovation capability of the acquiring firm positively mediates the relationship between business ties and performance of cross-border M&As; (2) environmental turbulence positively moderates the relationship between business ties and technological innovation capability; and (3) cultural distance negatively moderates the relationship between technological innovation capability and performance of cross-border M&As.     

Determinants of cross-border M&As in Latin America

This article analyzes the determinants of cross-border M&As in the Latin American region during the period 1998-2004. Using a unique dataset of 868 Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) events, the study focuses attention on the effect of macroeconomic and investor protection conditions in the countries where the companies reside over the likelihood of these companies participating in a cross-border M&A transaction. The study considers the effect of company-specific variables in the likelihood of going cross-border. Univariate analysis and logistic regressions strongly support the idea that better economic and business-friendly conditions in the countries where the target operates, increase the likelihood of cross-border merger. Results show that not only is the business environment in the target country important but also in the bidder country. Lower levels of property rights protection in the acquirer country negatively affect the likelihood of a cross-border deal. Finally, the likelihood of a cross-border merger increases when the target faces higher cost of funding than the acquirer's.     

Cherries for sale: The incidence and timing of cross-border M&A

This paper develops a model of cross-border M&A activity that features firm-level productivity shocks and endogenous export activity. We show that foreign firms will be relatively more attracted to targets in the domestic country that had high productivity levels that induced them to invest in large export networks several years prior to acquisition, but subsequently experienced a negative productivity shock (i.e., cherries for sale). From the theory we derive a dynamic panel binary choice empirical model to predict cross-border M&A activity, and find strong evidence for our hypotheses connecting the evolution of firm-level productivity to the ultimate targets of cross-border acquisitions using French firm-level data.     

Cherries for sale: The incidence and timing of cross-border M&A

This paper develops a model of cross-border M&A activity that features firm-level productivity shocks and endogenous export activity. We show that foreign firms will be relatively more attracted to targets in the domestic country that had high productivity levels that induced them to invest in large export networks several years prior to acquisition, but subsequently experienced a negative productivity shock (i.e., cherries for sale). From the theory we derive a dynamic panel binary choice empirical model to predict cross-border M&A activity, and find strong evidence for our hypotheses connecting the evolution of firm-level productivity to the ultimate targets of cross-border acquisitions using French firm-level data.     

Effects of Network Embeddedness on the Relationship Between Environmental Volatility and Interfirm Contracts

Purpose: This study examines the effects of an embedded network on the contractual relationship between exchange parties under conditions reflecting varying levels of environmental volatility and investigates the role of an important network factor—the embedded network—in the contractual relationship between manufacturers and their suppliers.

Methodology: The empirical test was conducted with manufacturing companies in the context of manufacturer–supplier relationships. Construct measures were based on existing measures and previous research. Measurement reliability and validity were established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and an overall measurement model was assessed with structural equation modeling using LISREL.

Findings: The results of a survey of manufacturers indicate that firms in an embedded network preferred “soft” contracts even when they face volatile environments, whereas those facing volatile environments in a less embedded network preferred “hard” contracts with explicitly specified written requirements. Network partners carefully evaluated embedded networks (a critical factor that has not received enough attention) before forming contractual relationships in a network perceiving interfirm relationships differently.

Originality: The study introduces network embeddedness to explain governance mechanisms in volatile environments and shows that the explicit recognition of embedded network may facilitate the development of contracts with specific provisions as the contractual relationship evolves.