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1.
通过理论分析并建立实证模型,采用1995~2009年中国省际面板数据进行实证研究,结果表明,出口贸易对非出口部门的直接技术溢出效应对整体能源效率有明显改善作用,其引致的模仿和竞争等间接技术效应对能源效率有一定的抑制作用,人力资本对出口贸易改善能源效率起促进作用。进一步分区域进行研究表明,出口贸易的间接技术效应对能源效率影响上表现出区域差异性。  相似文献   

2.
    
This paper analyzes the Turkish export and import flows with regard to regional clusters (RCs) and bilateral trade costs (BTCs) by using a panel data gravity model. We study the role of RCs and BTCs in two complementary parts: in the first part, we use an unbalanced panel data for 180 countries over the period 1960–2012, compiled from the DOTS database. We extend these estimations by running the data at four different time intervals, each representing different economic or political regimes in Turkey. In the second part, we repeat the same exercise at sectoral level for 176 countries over the period 1994–2010, using the BACI database. Aggregate estimates show that the gravity model is very effective in explaining the export and import flows of Turkey and that all close-by regions, including EU27, have a significant impact on trade flows of Turkey. We also find that the EU Customs Union has a negative effect on Turkish exports and a positive effect on imports. Estimates at selected time intervals reinforce aggregate estimates and sectoral level analyses indicate that while some regions contribute positively in all or the majority of sectors, others contribute negatively or produce mixed results.  相似文献   

3.
    
Recent and ongoing literature strongly implies the existence of a significant and robust impact of trade openness (liberalisation) and globalisation on unemployment, particularly in developed economies. This paper empirically investigates the impacts of four different measures of trade openness and globalisation on the unemployment rate in an unbalanced panel framework. The analysis focuses on the G7 countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). Robust empirical findings from panel data estimates demonstrate that, along with macroeconomic indicators and market size, all the measures of trade openness and globalisation are significantly and negatively associated with the unemployment rate. Therefore, we conclude that the continuation of the globalisation process instead of protectionism is of great importance in reducing the unemployment rate in developed economies.  相似文献   

4.
文章从理论上回顾了对外直接投资的贸易效应,以非洲33个国家为样本,运用2002~2006年的数据,建立了中国对非洲直接投资与贸易之间关系的面板数据(Panel Data)模型,并进行了实证分析.研究发现,我国对非洲国家直接投资与贸易存在着互补效应;我国对非洲直接投资尚处于起步阶段,进一步拓展非洲市场有利于创造中非合作双赢局面.  相似文献   

5.
This paper explores the effect of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) on export diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa. The existing empirical studies suggest that AGOA has had a positive effect on the overall volume of trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. However, the economic development literature emphasizes the importance of export diversification for developing countries; therefore, it is important to understand the effects of AGOA on the extensive margin of trade (i.e. the number of distinct products a country exports). Our empirical results suggest that AGOA does contribute to export diversification, specifically through its apparel provision. Countries that are eligible for the AGOA apparel provision export not only more apparel products, but also more non-apparel products to the USA. Thus, AGOA contributes to export diversification at the extensive margin of trade with the USA.  相似文献   

6.
通过考察2000-2008年间中国对120个贸易伙伴国(地区)的商品出口数据,基于扩展引力模型的面板数据计量方法,本文揭示了我国出口潜力的地区分布与历史演变特征,并测算了后危机时期中国的出口潜力。研究发现,中国的对外贸易自2007年开始转入"出口不足"状态,特别是对亚洲近邻的市场拓展相对滞后。展望后危机时期,在全球经济保持稳步回升的条件下,中国在2010-2015年间潜在的出口增速可达31.1%。综合出口潜力的规模指标与成长性指标,我们认为,后危机时期中国出口市场结构调整的总体导向应是:在保持欧美传统市场份额基本稳定的前提下,将市场重心逐渐转向出口潜力较大的亚洲和拉美新兴经济体,进一步密切中非经贸合作关系,使其成为未来出口市场多元化的潜在对象。  相似文献   

7.
Many of the studies that have tested the Orcutt's hypothesis in trade have used aggregate trade data between one country and rest of the world. Since these studies suffer from aggregation bias, three recent studies have employed data at commodity level and have found relatively more support for the hypothesis. In this paper we test the hypothesis using commodity level data from 54 industries that trade between Turkey and the US. We find support for the notion that trade flows respond to exchange rate changes faster than to relative price changes in one-third of the industries, supporting Orcutt's conjecture.  相似文献   

8.
本文利用2002-2008年省级面板数据,考察了中国各地区的金融发展水平对出口贸易技术水平的影响,实证结果表明:金融发展规模对加工贸易出口技术水平有显著的正向作用,而对一般贸易技术水平则具有显著的负向作用;金融发展效率对加工贸易出口技术水平和一般贸易技术水平的影响均显著为负;证券发展水平对加工贸易出口技术水平的影响并不显著,而对一般贸易出口技术水平则有显著的正面影响。此外,本文进一步发现,人力资本、研发投入、FDI对加工贸易技术水平有显著的正向作用,但对一般贸易技术水平却不存在显著的正向作用。  相似文献   

9.
    
This paper examines the dynamic effect of globalization at the disaggregated level of sectoral export diversification and manufacturing specialization on income inequality using a panel data set of 52 Asian and Western countries from 1988 to 2014. The paper uses dynamic panel data models applying the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimations that provide more accurate and better results than those obtained with static panel data models. The results suggest that there is no statistically significant relationship between manufacturing specialization and inequality while sectoral export diversification has been the driving force of inequality. For sub-groups of countries, higher sectoral export diversification increases inequality and higher manufacturing specialization decreases inequality in high-income Asian countries and European Union (EU) member states. Moreover, the study finds insignificant effects in low-income Asian countries and Anglo-Saxon countries.  相似文献   

10.
    
The article applies generalized gravity models to analyze Bangladesh's bilateral trade pattern using the panel data estimation technique. The results reveal that Bangladesh's trade is positively determined by the size of the economies, per capita gross domestic product differential and openness of the trading countries. Bangladesh's exports are positively determined by its income, partner countries' total import demand and openness, but negatively determined by partner countries' income and domestic inflation. Bangladesh's imports are positively determined by income of trading countries and degree of openness of the partner countries and negatively determined by partner countries' inflation. Transportation costs affect Bangladesh's trade negatively.  相似文献   

11.
The Doha Round on multilateral trade liberalization, originally intended to better integrate developing countries into the world economy, has been largely considered a failure. With the Doha outcome falling short of expectations, North–South trade remains underdeveloped. Embedding the political economy and the resulting importance of reciprocating trade liberalization in an evolutionary model along Axelrod–Rapoport lines indicates that factor endowments are crucial in triggering trade policies. Their pivotal nature gives rise to bifurcations, thereby tilting policies towards or away from liberalization trajectories. The theoretical insights are reflected in an empirical analysis, thus strengthening the case for a variable-geometry approach.  相似文献   

12.
    
ABSTRACT

Few papers have investigated the trade effects of multi-memberships of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), but none has done this in an Africa-wide manner. This paper investigates the supplementary trade effects of multi-memberships of RTAs after controlling for single-membership for all African RTAs. We use (1) overall number of RTAs by country pair; (2) dummies of number of RTAs; and (3) number of RTA memberships by countries within each RTA grouping, in a panel of 53 African countries from 1995 to 2014. The gravity models are estimated with the Eicker-White robust covariance Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML) which is superior to previous ones. All the estimates concur that multi-memberships have significant additional intra-Africa trade benefits which increase with the number of memberships. The implication is that although RTAs enhance trade in Africa, it is only a second-best to a complete integration of the African continent. A complete dismantling of politically induced trade barriers and even inter-RTA boundaries within Africa will yield significant intra-Africa trade benefits. The results support the ongoing efforts in Africa in pursuing a “one Africa” vision. Such efforts have to transcend regional integration and pursue the ideal of an integrated Africa for the full trade benefits to be realized.  相似文献   

13.
本文运用固定影响变截距模型,采用1992-2004年我国作为东道国,香港特区、韩国、日本、美国、我国台湾地区、新加坡和德国等七个对中国直接投资最多的国家或地区的面板数据,对我国内向型FDI与国际贸易的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,我国的内向型FDI与国际贸易之间具有显著的互补性,而且内向型FDI对我国的出口具有正的滞后效应。  相似文献   

14.
    
In the now extensive literature on the convergence of real per capita output across countries over time, there is surprisingly little attention paid to the role of international trade. Some recent studies have illustrated that standard trade theories provide no clear prediction as to the impact of trade liberalization on output convergence. These studies have also provided somewhat ambiguous empirical evidence regarding this relationship, under-scoring the need for additional results in this area. This paper uses both standard and new approaches to testing for convergence in order to explore the extent to which the degree of trade openness may affect output convergence among countries. Using annual time-series data for 88 countries from the Penn World Table, we obtain somewhat mixed results, but on balance they are quite supportive of a positive relationship (though not necessarily causality) between trade openness and output convergence. Our results also suggest certain directions for further research that would shed more light on this important issue.  相似文献   

15.
贸易结构、分工经济与区域服务贸易自由化的福利效应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于区域内经济体出口相似指数过高,在发展区域服务贸易自由化的过程中会出现竞争,不同区域成员贸易结构和专业化分工特点也影响区域服务贸易自由化的发展。文章以亚洲经济体区域服务贸易自由化发展为例,采用面板数据的因果关系模型,定量分析贸易结构、分工经济与区域服务贸易自由化的福利效应三者之间的关系。研究得出,无论是从长期还是短期来看,服务贸易的互补性和服务贸易的专业化分工都是服务贸易出口额增长的格兰杰原因。  相似文献   

16.
我国轴承产品贸易逆差诱发因素的实证分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
改革开放以来,我国轴承产品进出口贸易快速发展,但2006年轴承产品贸易开始出现了逆差.文章分析了2002~2007年我国轴承产品进出口贸易增长特点,并运用恒定市场份额模型从需求效应、商品构成效应和竞争力效应三个方面讨论了我国轴承产品进口波动的成因.实证结果表明,需求效应是影响进口逆差的主要因素,商品构成效应起次要作用,而竞争力不足阻碍了出口,进一步扩大了逆差.对提高我国轴承产品的国际竞争力提出了建议.  相似文献   

17.
Increased export experience on the board of nonexporting firms has a causal effect on their propensity to enter foreign markets in later periods. Using a universal set of Swedish employer–employee panel data for the period 2000–14, this paper finds evidence on spillover from exporters to non-exporting SMEs through outside board directors. The identification strategy to account for endogenous selection of external board members relies on external instruments and applications of different instrumental variable approaches, capturing also unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings are robust to controlling for export background among managers and employees, as well as firm size, human capital, total factor productivity, productivity spillovers, firm location and industry classification.  相似文献   

18.
    
This study examines how Canadian exports to a specific trading partner are influenced by outward and inward direct investment flows to/from that country. A gravity-type empirical model guides a dynamic panel analysis which utilizes Organization For Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) country-level data from 1989–2007. Besides refuting the contention that outward foreign direct investment (FDI) displaces exports, the findings also imply a strong role for intra-firm based export growth in response to inward FDI. The analysis is enriched by explicitly accounting for the dominant position of the United States within the context of Canada's overall trade and investment flows.  相似文献   

19.
在整理全球反倾销案件和数据的基础上,首次统计分析了1995~2008年全球前12个主要被诉国家的案件数、涉案金额、市场份额的分布及显示性比较优势指数等,发现中国成为全球反倾销的首要目标国,反倾销针对的就是出口市场份额高、竞争力强的产品。其后建立动态面板数据模型实证分析贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应。结果表明,肯定结案时存在显著的贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应,但难以判断贸易效应是短期的;否定结案下也存在贸易震慑效应,但影响小于贸易破坏效应。最后考察不同结案对产业竞争力的影响发现,肯定结案对申诉方提高产业竞争力有积极作用,但这种作用随时间递延而衰减。  相似文献   

20.
开放条件下的制造业地区专业化、企业规模、外贸出口对其价值链攀升具有不同的影响和作用。文章以江苏制造业为例,利用主成分分析测度行业价值链攀升状况,进而运用静态、动态面板数据模型考察制造业行业的地区专业化水平、企业规模、外贸出口对其价值链攀升的作用机理。研究发现:企业规模的壮大有助于制造业价值链攀升,制造业价值链攀升与地区专业化、企业规模三者之间存在长期的均衡关系,但地区专业化对制造业价值链攀升并无明显的促进作用,长期看,外贸出口并不能实现制造业攀升价值链的目标。此外,制造业各行业对总体截距的偏离还具有劳动、资本和知识技术密集型产业倒置的现象。  相似文献   

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