我国农村社会养老保障制度的对策研究

当前，我国农村社会养老保障制度问题日益尖锐和突出。在充分认识国情的前提下，探索与农村经济发展水平相适应的社会保障发展道路，找出比较完善的农村社会养老保障制度是亟待解决的重大战略问题。本文分析了目前我国农村养老保障制度存在的问题，为我国农村社会养老保障制度提出新的、可实施的、有建设性意见的思路和对策建议。     

汲取欧洲经验构建中国社会养老保障改革的弹性机制

规模庞大且难以消减的社会养老保障和福利支出不仅是欧洲国家爆发债务危机的根本原因,也是部分欧洲国家政府债务长期偏高的主要原因,而欧洲社会养老金保障支出长期居高不下又源于其社会保障制度的刚性。因而,当前我国需要未雨绸缪,建立一个缓解社会养老保障制度改革刚性的养老金制度改革机制。     

城市贫困救助的社会政策创新——基于发展型社会政策视角

当前我国已初步建成以最低生活保障制度为核心、其他专项救助制度为辅助的综合性社会救助体系,在缓解了城市贫困问题、化解社会矛盾、促进社会公平等方面发挥了重要作用,但在实践过程中仍存在着诸多问题,面临着严峻挑战。本文基于发展型社会政策视角,分析了我国传统的城市贫困人口救助政策存在的缺陷,进而提出了将发展型社会政策嵌入我国城市贫困人口救助政策,并就其具体路径进行了进一步阐释。     

老龄化背景下社会养老政策支撑体系研究

社会政策目的是为了解决社会问题,化解社会风险。中国社会养老政策是为了弥补家庭养老不足所引起的一系列社会问题。社会养老在不同国家有不同的经济和文化背景。在中国"孝"文化背景下,社会养老政策不能完全"去家庭化",要基于家庭责任构建福利保障体系,通过社会政策激励家庭成员照顾老人,承认家庭成员照顾老人的劳动,避免贫困老年人受嫌弃、受虐待。家庭养老资源不足部分通过社会养老政策支持来实现。     

国外农村社会养老保障的实践比较与启示

国外许多国家都建立起了农村社会养老保障制度,我国也在研究和探讨这一制度的建设。借鉴当前国外三种农村社会养老保障制度模式,通过对其制度产生的社会经济环境和人口特征环境的分析,作为借鉴来建立我国转型时期农村社会养老保障制度,以期从根本上解决我国农村的养老问题。     

浅析我国农村社会养老保障法律制度

在我国社会已经进入人口老龄化的今天,农村社会养老保障问题日益凸显.从1992年民政部正式出台《县级农村社会养老保险墓本方案)(试行)开始,我国农村社会养老保障法律制度已经初步形成.由于农村社会养老保障法律制度立法层次较低、法律关系不清、政府责任缺失等因素,使得现行农村社会养老保障制度难以发挥其有效功能.应该制定出位阶较高的农村社会养老保障法律,理顺农村社会养老保障法律关系,明确农村社会养老保障法律关系主体责任,真正解决农民的养老保障问题.     

沿海地区老年人养老支持力和社会政策

我国的老龄化程度增长非常快，在这种社会背景下，社会养老工作的重要性与日俱增，已经成为影响社会安定、有序、和谐发展的最主要因素之一。养老工作在实行上有很强的地域性，不同地区的老年人生活状况不同，养老工作的开展条件也不一样，因此不同地区要根据自身的实际情况规划具体的养老工作。以沿海发达地区为例，这些地区的经济较为发达，在养老工作上的资金投入也比较高，所以这些地区的养老问题主要集中在精神赡养和社会政策的落实上。该文将从这些角度入手分析沿海地区的养老支持力与社会政策。     

基于农村土地流转制度下我国西部地区农民养老保障的思考

土地流转制度的推行使农村社会养老保障制度面临着新的机遇和挑战,从制度需求以及经济供给两方面分析农村社会养老保障面临的机遇机制;并从我国西部农村社会养老保障制度的现状,以及对土地流转制度的制约机制进行分析。在这两个相辅相成的制度中,建立一种替代机制,首先建立农村社会养老保障制度,弱化农村土地保障功能,提高农民土地流转的积极性,发展农村经济,促进农村社会养老保障制度发展。     

我国农村构建社会养老保障的可行性分析

社会养老保险是社会保障的核心内容,也是关系经济发展与社会稳定的基础。在我国,农村人数占总人数的70%,搞好农村养老保障对建设社会主义新农村,构建和谐社会都具有重要意义。我国基本步入了“工业反哺农业”的时期,也在农村社会养老保障的实践中积累了一定的宝贵经验,同时全面建设小康社会也为农村社会养老保障的构建由理论变为现实提供了可能,文章就是从这些方面来阐述我国构建农村社会养老保障的可行性。     

国外农村社会养老保障制度分析及其启示

为了深入贯彻落实科学发展观,加快建设覆盖城乡居民保障体系,实现广大农村居民老有所齐、促进家庭和谐、增加农民收入,同时促进我国社会的公平、稳定、城乡统筹发展以及尽快解决"三农问题",本文分析了国外农村社会养老保障制度的模式及我国农村社会养老保障现状,以对我国农村社会养老保障制度的完善有所启示.     

人口老龄化对老年社会保障及社会服务提出的挑战

根据最新统计资料,就某些发达国家和中国的人口老龄化对社会保障的影响问题作了研究。人口老龄化的社会经济影响主要体现在社会保障的问题上,由于人口老龄化,特别是正规职业人口的老龄化导致退休金、医疗保障和老年人的服务问题成为普遍性的社会问题,解决这些问题成为我国社会保障制度建设重点所在。     

开放经济下的贸易安全:内涵、挑战与应对思路

随着我国完善开放型经济体系和经济全球化的深入推进,各国的体制机制、发展水平以及世界经济等的变化将给我国贸易安全带来新挑战。调整外贸战略和转变外贸增长方式维护我国的贸易安全,带动国内生产效率的提高,促进我国经济又好又快发展,需要有长远的战略思维,不仅要制定和执行好国际经济政策,提高政府的带动效率,完善外贸发展的促进和支持体系,而且要在国际社会牢牢把握对我国维护贸易安全起关键作用的战略资源。     

基于财政分权的地方住房保障财政供给能力实证研究

住房保障是政府的重要责任,受到政治、经济和社会多种因素影响,以财政分权因素为例,分析发现：我国分税制改革尚未形成激励地方政府自觉增加住房保障财政供给的机制,现行财政分权模式不利于增强地方政府住房保障供给能力。今后需要结合分税制改革,明确中央和地方各级政府的住房保障责任,并将其作为财政投入的依据,结合我国住房保障供给与城镇化进程、城镇贫困和低收入人群的住房保障需求,合理规划和制定住房保障政策,增加财政投入,提高供给水平。     

黑龙江省民生发展政策的问题与借鉴

民生发展是现代社会建设的重要内容,是我国政府高度关注与重点解决的热点问题。黑龙江省在加强民生发展取得成效的同时,还存在一些问题,主要表现在财税政策落实不到位,社会保障政策不健全,就业政策支持力度不够。国外在住房保障、医疗卫生、低碳环保、教育、就业等方面的民生政策,对黑龙江省促进经济科学发展、加大教育投入力度、加强住房保障建设和完善社会保障制度等民生发展,都有着积极的借鉴意义。     

试析美国的收入分配政策

本文认为,分配目标并不是决定美国经济政策的首要因素,但这些经济政策不可避免地会对社会分配格局产生影响.20世纪80年代以来,美国的税收政策和社会保障政策对收入分配产生了一定的影响,但是从严格意义上来说,收入分配问题只是在政府曾对其采取过认真对策这一点上,才可将其理解为政策问题.     

A causal relationship between trade efficiency and economic efficiency: Evidence from dynamic simultaneous equations models

The objective of this study is to examine the causal relationship between economic efficiency and trade efficiency using dynamic panel data in simultaneous equations models for global panel of 50 countries over the period 2000–2014. The study also implements this interrelationship for two groups of countries based on their level of development. Two models applying different factors reflecting countries’ economic and trade policies are proposed to measure the targeted efficiencies using data envelopment analysis method. Evidence from the simultaneous equations models to identify a relationship between economic efficiency and trade efficiency supports the bidirectional causality between them in all three categories of countries. It has been also found that both economic and institutional factors have a significant positive influence on trade and growth performance, with the effect of political factors being especially pronounced for developing countries that suffer from weak institutional capacity. These empirical findings are of particular interest to policy-makers as they help to build sound policies in order to maximize trade performance as well as economic efficiency.     

The Political Effects of Ageing on Inflation

Why do different countries exhibit different inflation rates? Most political economy accounts emphasise the role of ideas and institutions: as economic research shows that low inflation is achievable at no economic cost, governments delegate monetary policy to independent central banks. Countries with independent central banks and unions that anticipate the consequences of their actions by coordinating wage bargaining in turn achieve lower inflation. This conventional wisdom downplays the importance of interests, ignoring the significant influence that a growing electoral group — the elderly — has on inflation. Because the elderly are politically powerful and inflation averse, countries with more elderly citizens force political parties to adopt more economically orthodox policies when in power, resulting in lower inflation rates in those countries. Ageing populations may therefore lock in a low inflation regime, even when this is not economically desirable.     

EU Challenges,Investment in the EU and the Role of the European Investment Group

While monetary policy is close to the limits of what it can achieve, consensus on a more active fiscal policy is still lacking. Indeed, on the political front, Europe stands at something of a political crossroads, facing growing social, economic and political challenges. Efforts are now focused on pragmatically advancing on key common priorities. The urgency and ambition with which this co-operation proceeds will be critical to success.     

Policy Uncertainty and Saving Attitude: Evidence from a Survey on Consumers

Uncertainty over the social security and tax system is often pointed out as a source of stagnant household consumption at the aggregate level. This study presents empirical evidence on this issue by using original survey data of Japanese individuals. The results indicate that individuals are highly uncertain over the future course of social security and tax policies. The policy uncertainty is associated with an orientation toward saving, and the relationship is stronger for low‐income individuals. These results suggest that improving long‐term predictability in the social security and tax system may contribute to weakening households' saving orientation.     

The challenges and opportunities for the trade union movement in the transition era: two socialist market economies – China and Vietnam

Both China and Vietnam are undergoing a social experiment as they diverge from the path of their Soviet compatriots and attempt the transition to a ‘socialist market economy’. This article tackles the role of trade unions in China and Vietnam in the context of globalization and market-orientated economic reform by identifying both challenges and opportunities for the trade unions in the areas of policy formation at national level and participation in collective bargaining and dispute mediation at enterprise level. Trade unions in both countries will have a significant role on a wide range of social issues under their special political, social and economic systems in the transition era into the twenty-first century.