基于BDS的ADS-B报文生成系统

目前国际民航组织（ICAO）和美国航空无线电技术委员会（RTCA）有关广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）标准中的报文数据源均规定来自全球定位系统（GPS），而中国自主建设的“北斗”卫星导航系统（BDS）作为ADS-B数据源是必然趋势。设计了基于BDS的ADS-B报文生成系统的总体架构，利用BDS接收机接收的真实数据仿真生成了ADS-B的6种报文，并以空中位置报文的生成为例，详细阐述了报文产生涉及的关键技术以及报文的生成过程。通过运行集成后的ADS-B报文生成系统以及对所产生的6种报文的仿真验证，证明该系统总体设计思路合理，运行结果正确，可为基于BDS的ADS-B相关技术研究提供稳定可靠的ADS-B报文源。     

一种结合多重插补的ADS-B数据筛选算法

为了提高广播式自动相关监视（Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast，ADS-B）报文质量，解决由于地面站多重覆盖、硬件设施配置、运行状态等原因引起的报文在数据重复性、数据完整性和实时性上存在的问题，采用多条件直接起始法建立航迹，采用多项约束条件筛选进入优选的报文，并基于专家评级法对报文中表征数据项完整性的权重参数进行估计，结合报文的位置精度和完好性参数综合计算得出ADS-B数据质量指标并将其作为挑选依据。对于ADS-B报文质量极度不理想的特殊情况，使用多重插补（Multiple Imputation,MI）算法对其进行补全处理，综合以上步骤挑选出高质量和高可靠性的ADS-B更新点迹。仿真计算证明该方法可有效剔除重复覆盖造成的重复报文和网络延迟造成的历史数据，防止航迹点回跳，提高数据质量和监视效率。目前，该方法已实际应用于地面站和传输链路条件均不理想的场合，大量实践结果表明该方法可用于保证输出高实时性的、周期性的、稳定平滑的、可靠的ADS-B数据。     

基于松弛改进FastICA算法的星基ADS-B信号分离

星基广播式自动相关监视（Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,ADS-B）系统覆盖空域广，星载接收机所接收的信号信噪比低、信号间的功率差异小，ADS-B报文在接收机处的冲突更加严重，对信号分离算法提出了更高要求。针对基于负熵的快速独立成分分析（Fast Independent Component Analysis,FastICA）算法存在的局部极大值和收敛依赖于初始权值的问题，在FastICA算法中引入了松弛因子，采用松弛改进的 FastICA算法对星基ADS-B信号进行分离。阐述了松弛改进FastICA算法对星载ADS-B接收机接收到的混合信号进行分离的机理，并进行了仿真实验，通过相关系数、迭代次数和误码率比较了松弛改进FastICA算法、经典FastICA算法和投影算法的性能。仿真结果表明，松弛改进FastICA算法能更有效地分离星基ADS-B混合信号。     

低空空域通用航空飞机机载导航监视终端设计

针对通用航空飞机低空雷达监视存在盲区及广播自动相关监视（ADS-B）设备成本高的问题,提出以“北斗”卫星导航系统和移动公共网络通信相结合的低空空域通用航空飞机导航监视系统。系统利用“北斗”/GPS双模导航接收机获取载体位置等信息,通过移动公共网络通信系统和“北斗”卫星导航系统相互补充的通信机制可靠地将机载信息发送至地面指挥中心,并能够接收地面指挥中心的指令。考虑到“北斗”卫星导航系统通信资源的问题,系统设计了在移动公共网络通信处于盲区时导航位置等信息存储功能。系统具有成本低、与其他机载设备无电气交联等特点。相关成果对我国在低空空域通用航空飞机导航监视终端的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于ADS-B趋势信息的民航飞机跟踪算法

为了有效提高飞机的跟踪精度,获得准确的飞机监视信息,针对民航飞机运行 的特点以及ADS-B信息的特征,充分利用ADS-B趋势信息报告和当前统计模型的优点,提出了 一 种基于ADS-B趋势信息的当前统计模型改进算法。该算法能够将直线运动和转弯机动飞行中 的跟踪误差都稳定在60 m左右,证明了该算法适用于所有飞行阶段,提高了当前统计模 型跟踪算法的精度和适用性。     

基于ADS-B意图信息的航迹预测改进算法

在飞行冲突探测和恶劣天气情况下,单纯利用跟踪滤波算法无法准确判断目标飞机未来的飞行动态。为了有效提高航迹预测精度,针对广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）信息中意图信息对航迹的影响,提出了一种基于ADS-B意图信息的航迹预测改进算法。该改进算法先通过残差均值交互式多模型（RMIMM）算法,推算出目标飞机的飞行状态参数和飞机运动模式,再结合天气状况、飞行计划和空中交通管制规章进行意图估计,最后通过飞行状态参数、飞机运动模式以及意图信息共同预测目标飞机的航迹。运用蒙特卡洛方法进行仿真,结果表明,与现有算法相比,该改进算法不仅能提供更加精确的航迹预测,而且降低了意图推断的时间延迟。     

基于当前统计模型的TCAS/ADS-B组合监视系统数据融合算法

比较了空中交通警戒与防撞系统（TCAS）和自动相关监视系统（ADS-B）的监视原理 ,构建了TCAS/ADS-B组合监视系统,对组合监视系统的监视区域进行了划分。采用当前统 计模型的数据融合算法,得到了优化的TCAS局部轨迹估算和优化的ADS-B局部轨迹估算,以 及优化的融合轨迹估算。仿真结果显示,最大优化融合位置误差为100 m,证明该组合 监视系统可以提高目标飞机轨迹估算的准确度,从而提高TCAS的监视精度。     

ADS-B接收机自动测试系统的设计与实现

为实现广播式自动相关监视（ADS-B）接收机性能参数自动测试，开发设计了ADS-B接收机的自动测试系统。系统由ADS-B射频信号生成和上位机组成，采用了现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和单片机MSP430实现ADS-B射频信号的生成；采用C#语言编写上位机程序，实现了对接收机灵敏度和接收机带宽等关键技术指标的自动测试。最后，搭建了某款ADS-B接收机的测试系统。测试结果表明，该系统测试效率高，运行稳定且易操作，可满足对ADS-B接收机的性能测试与故障检查需要。     

定向自组网中基于报文多时延等级的发送端调度算法

面向接收机冲突的多址接入（ROMA）是一种高效的适用于多波束自适应阵列天线的调度协议，但它无法保证具有不同时延要求的报文传输的服务质量。针对此问题，在原始ROMA的基础上提出了一种多时延限制的调度算法（MDRS）。通过在调度接入过程中插入子时隙，比较发送端报文时延信息，调度发送节点的传输顺序，使得时延限制更严格的报文优先发送，从而提高了不同时延等级的报文的传输成功率。最后，通过仿真验证了MDRS的性能：与原始ROMA相比，所提算法在多时延限制的发送端调度中表现出了更好的吞吐量和传输成功率。     

一种小波变换下的ADS-B信号增强算法

S模式的广播式自动相关监视技术（Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,ADS-B）是目前空中交通管制大力推广的技术，但ADS-B信号在远距离传输过程中，由于传输信道的影响，会出现幅度减小和能量衰减等问题，从而导致接收到的微弱ADS-B信号不能正确译码。针对这种情况，提出用小波变换对信号做增强处理的方法，首先改进小波系数，接着确定分解层数，再利用重构指数来选取最优小波基，最后对阈值进行改进，考虑在不同的小波分解尺度上选取不同的阈值。对实际数据进行测试的结果表明，该算法能有效地对ADS-B信号进行增强，对信号强度为-94 dBm的微弱信号也能正确译码，译码准确率明显提高，对空中管理、空间安全等实际应用有一定意义。     

美国国际贸易法院判定美国商务部对河北兴茂轮胎有限公司非公路用轮胎“双反”措施不当案评述

美国进口商和中国出口商不满美国商务部对来自中国的某些非公路用轮胎实施反倾销和反补贴税的裁定,向美国国际贸易法院提出起诉。美国国际贸易法院裁定,美国法律没有明确规定反倾销税法是否可适用于非市场经济国家;本案中美国商务部做的"双反"裁定,在方法上不合理。本文在介绍该案的基本案情、归纳法院推理和判决的基础上,对该案涉及的法律问题做了简要评论。     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

PTE,innovation capital and firm value interactions in the biotech medical industry

Unlike previous studies which only focus on the main effect between IC and FV, this research includes PTE with the gap of resource-based view. IC is a key element in creating a competitive advantage, as it has a great influence on FV. A company may put relatively less into IC if it demonstrates higher efficiency. However, previous studies have neglected the fact that relative efficiency and IC affect FV and stock returns directly and indirectly. The research period was from 2006 to 2010 and the main research methods include HRA and DEA. The main research findings include the following. (1) There is a space for improvement in terms of the total technical efficiency. (2) PTE has a significant moderating effect between IC and FV. (3) IC and PTE have a significant influence on FV. (4) Apart from PTE and stock returns, IC and FV show significant differences within the sub-industry.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

基于风险调整收益方法的企业信用风险管理研究

文章根据风险调整收益（RAROC）的原理,借鉴J.P.摩根的信用计量CreditMetrics模型中信用等级转移的思想,构建了应收账款回收期内受信企业信用状况转移矩阵,并据此计算出企业信用VaR值和经济资本CaR值,进而计算RAROC比值,可为企业信用销售决策提供依据。通过将RAROC方法引入企业信用风险管理体系,可以对企业经营活动进行基于风险的绩效考核和业绩评价,以期提高企业信用风险管理水平。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定粉质化妆品中的六价铬

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）与电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）联用技术,建立了粉质化妆品中六价铬的测定方法。样品经0.05 mol/L氢氧化纳溶液超声振荡提取;HPLC采用Hypersil GOLD C18柱分离,以5%（v/v）甲醇-2 mmol/L四丁基硫酸氢铵水溶液（pH 4.0）作为流动相;ICP-MS测定选用碰撞池技术以消除40Ar12C对52Cr的谱学干扰。方法学研究结果表明,添加水平为0.040-2.000 mg/kg时,回收率为77.5%-107.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%。     

Is the cure worse than the disease? The effect of emerging market MNEs on host country corruption

In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of foreign investment by emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). While it has been debated whether EMNEs strengthen or weaken the institutions in host countries they invest in, the literature has paid limited attention to how EMNE investment impacts corruption in other emerging markets, one of the most significant destinations of EMNEs. Following Hoskisson et al. (2013), we categorize two types of emerging markets as targets of EMNE investment, a) low-income emerging markets and b) middle-income emerging markets, based on their institutional and market development. Building on the theory of firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and the institutional advantage (IA) of EMNEs, we reason that EMNEs enter foreign markets in accordance to where their skills and competencies can be effectively utilized, and this impacts corruption in the host country. We make two key arguments: (1) EMNEs predominantly use their IA in low-income emerging markets, which in the long term increases corruption in the host market, and (2) EMNEs predominantly use their FSAs to gain competitive advantage in middle-income emerging markets, which decreases corruption in the host market. Empirical analysis of Chinese outward FDI from the 2008-2018 period supports our hypotheses. Our research contributes to both the literature on EMNEs and corruption.     

供应链和虚拟企业:比较及转化

供应链管理和虚拟企业是已经在世界范围所采用的概念。这些概念包括一系列管理、组织和技术问题,公司为了提高竞争能力,开拓市场机遇,建立合作联盟。供应链管理是一种集成的管理思想,从战略上整体地整合供应商和顾客。虚拟企业是一种动态的临时组织形式,不同的企业为了开拓商业机遇而通过合作弥补自身竞争力的不足。虽然他们有各自的特点,但是也有共同点。     

Why Consumers in Developing Countries Prefer Foreign Brands: A Study of Japanese Brands in Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Building on social-identity theory, the research develops a model for understanding of the impact of consumer identification with a nation on consumers' brand evaluations. It posits that developing-country consumers' identification with a foreign (developed) nation influences three factors—consumer-based brand equity, consumer-based country image, and consumer-based brand credibility. The research was informed by data from 400 Vietnamese consumers in relation to two Japanese brands Sony and Honda and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that Vietnamese (developing-country) consumers prefer Japanese (developed-country) brands over domestic brands, when these consumers identify with the developed nation.     

认知FrFT域通信系统及其抗干扰性能分析

为了增强无线通信系统的抗干扰能力,设计了一种认知FrFT(分数傅里叶变换)域通信系统（ CFrFTDCS ）,在变换域通信系统中采用分数傅里叶变换,并与认知无线电技术结合,给出了系统的结 构框图和工作原理,分析了系统的抗干扰性能。计算机仿真结果表明,CFrFTDCS具有较强的 抗 干扰能力,针对单音干扰、窄带干扰和Chirp干扰,CFrFTDCS的平均误码率性能比直接序列 扩频（DSSS）通信系统分别改善了约15.70 dB、13.29 dB和13.79 dB,比传统 的变换域通信系统（TDCS）分别改善了约0.18 dB、0.23 dB和3.63 dB。