Learning about corruption: Reviews,roots, and Russia

R. Rose‐Ackerman. 1999. Corruption and Government: Causes, Consequences and Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 266 pages. ISBN 0‐521‐63293‐5. R. Neild. 2002. Public Corruption: The Dark Side of Social Evolution. London: Anthem Press. 250 pages. ISBN 1‐84331‐065‐1. D. E. Hoffman. 2002. The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia. New York: Public Affairs. 567 pages. ISBN 1‐58648‐001‐4.     

美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因

美国贸易逆差以及主要由贸易逆差造成的经常帐户赤字已成为世界经济关注的热点问题。对美国贸易逆差产生原因的解释众多,本文以主流经济学分析框架得出美国储蓄不足是美国贸易逆差的根本原因的结论。美国国内储蓄不足导致外国资本的流入。外国资本一方面为美国提供了购买力,补充了美国的储蓄,另一方面,美国可用外国提供的购买力进口产品,满足自己的需求。美国的贸易逆差是其储蓄不足的结果。从全球视角出发,其他国家的储蓄增加,为美国补充了储蓄,为美国贸易逆差的产生提供了外部条件。认识美国贸易逆差产生的原因,可以更有利地支撑美国贸易逆差与中国对其贸易顺差没有根本联系的观点,及人民币汇率问题不是美国贸易逆差根本原因的观点。     

BOOKS RECEIVED

Estimating UK Energy Demand for the Year 2000: A sectoral Approach. By J. H. Cheshire and A. J. Surrey. The Child as Consumer. Bibliography by Jarmila Lentink. The Microwave Cookbook. By Jenny M. Webb. Textles.     

金融危机对美国对外贸易、贸易收支和经济增长的影响

金融危机通过对美国进口的抑制作用和对美国出口的刺激作用,改变美国的对外贸易规模和结构。金融危机对美国对外贸易的影响将首先传导到美国的贸易收支账户,收缩美国的贸易逆差。美国贸易逆差的收缩将传导到美国的国民收入账户,在一定程度上支撑美国的经济增长。所以,美国正在通过对外贸易输出金融危机。     

后危机时代中国对美出口贸易的发展趋势

国际金融危机下由于美国进口增长速度放缓和进口结构发生变化,中国对美出口贸易增长速度放缓,出口结构发生变化,中方贸易顺差下降。后危机时代影响中国对美出口的主要因素还包括美元不断贬值,美国经济增长放缓和消费需求减少,美国贸易政策的改变和中国出口成本的上升,建议加强对美市场的调研、完善对美出口的市场监督机制和及时调整人民币汇率政策。     

美国对外贸易的理念和货物贸易的基本格局

自由贸易是美国对外贸易的基本理念。贸易自由化是战后美国对外贸易政策的基本特征,原因在于贸易自由化每年给美国带来1万亿美元左右的收益。对美国货物贸易的基本格局可以从五个方面认识:美国是世界上进出口规模最大的国家;美国进口规模比出口规模对世界经济的影响更大;美国是世界上最大的贸易逆差国,享受了世界最多的物质财富;美国贸易条件的变动表明对外贸易格局有利于美国;美国进口规模扩大与产业结构升级的结合演变为美国结构性增长优势。     

Intra-Industry Specialization in United States–China Trade

Frictions in U.S.–China bilateral trade relations have intensified in recent years. Changes in intra-industry specialization indicators are used to assess factor adjustment pressures that may have been experienced by U.S. and Chinese industries from recent growth in bilateral trade. Many industries experienced large increases in intra-industry trade over the 2000–10 period. Only 14 of 62 U.S. industries may have experienced factor adjustment pressures. Most U.S. industries gained from growth in U.S.–China trade. Nine Chinese industries may have faced factor adjustment pressures. The United States should refrain from using trade remedy measures to address bilateral trade frictions and focus instead on improving trade relations.     

BOOKS REVIEWED AND RECEIVED

Book reviews in this article: Consumer Protection. The Consumer Society. Ed, by I. R. C. Hirst and W. Duncan Reekie, Tavistock Publications Women at Work. By L. Mackie and P. Pattullo. Research Studies in Advertising. 10. The Consumer Movement and The Consumer. By Christina Fulop.     

A new perspective on the female expatriate experience: The role of host country national categorization

This study was designed to investigate host country national (HCN) categorization of female expatriates, in two samples—U.S. and India. Two hundred and twenty-two HCNs (104 in the U.S. and 118 in India) participated in the study. Consistent with prior research [e.g., Tung, R. L. (1998). American expatriates abroad: From neophytes to cosmopolitans. Journal of World Business, 33: 125–140], we found that female expatriates from the U.S. were not discriminated against. Indeed, we found that female expatriates from the U.S. were preferred by Indian HCNs, as co-workers, significantly more than male expatriates from the U.S. We discuss implications for organizations and offer suggestions for future research.     

Understanding supplier selection practices: Differences between u.s. And korean executives

Over the past decades, U.S. firms have increasingly explored strategic supply chain partnerships with Asian firms. Although shaken by the financial crises in 1997, Asian firms also continue to make significant investment in the U.S. and develop strategic supply chain partnership with U.S. firms. These trends have prompted academic researchers to start focusing on global supply chain management prac‐tices. One important domain of supply chain management is the selection of sup‐pliers. This research examines the differences in supplier selection practices between U.S. and Asian (in particular, Korean) executives. The results provide important implications for both U.S. and Korean firms to successfully manage global supply chain management. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The teaching of ethics in Canadian Schools of Management and Administrative Studies

Business ethics has been described as a prime academic growth industry. This paper reports the findings of a survey aimed at establishing the status of ethics in the curricula of Canadian Schools of Management and Administrative Studies. It was found that twenty-three of the forty-two responding schools offer courses in business ethics and that they offer a total of twenty-five ethics courses, twenty of which are offered as electives. Forty-two percent of the schools not offering a course in business ethics plan to offer such a course by 1989. This means that by 1989 seventy-four percent of the responding schools should have a business ethics component in their curricula.Jang B. Singh, B. A. (Toronto), M. A. (St. Thomas), M. A. (Toronto), M.B. A. (Windsor), Ph.D. (Toronto), is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Business Administration of the University of Windsor. His research focus is on ethical issues involved in the management process. He also maintains a keen interest in issues related to business in the Third World.     

美国技术壁垒对我国机电产品出口的影响

本文利用扩展的贸易引力模型,分析我国和美国经济发展水平、人民币兑美元汇率以及美国机电行业技术壁垒各因素变动对我国机电产品出口的影响。分析结果表明美国技术壁垒与我国机电产品出口显著相关,美国技术壁垒的提高会对我国机电产品出口产生小幅抑制作用,美国GDP是影响我国机电产品出口的最主要因素。     

BOOK REVIEWED ANDRECEIVED

Book reviews in this article: Microwave—the Cooking Revolution. By Jenny M. Webb. The Consumer's Guide to Local Government. Ed. by Martin Minogue for the National Consumer Council. Junior Home Economics. By A.Moloney. Sex Roles. By S. Weitz.     

Growth,markets, and competitive strategies: Successes and challenges in Latin America

M. Kotabe & R. Leal (Eds.). 2001. Market Revolution in Latin America: Beyond Mexico. New York: Pergamon. 379 pages. ISBN 0‐08‐043897‐0. F. Robles, F. Simon, & J. Haar (Eds.). 2002. Winning Strategies for the New Latin Markets. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. 364 pages. ISBN 0‐13‐061716‐4. J. Vial & P. K. Cornelius (Eds.). 2002. The Latin American Competitiveness Report 2001–2002. New York: Oxford University Press. 213 pages. ISBN 0‐19‐515256‐5.     

The European project: Growing pains

Tomasso Padoa‐Schioppa. (2004). The Euro and Its Central Bank. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 260 pages. ISBN: 0‐ 262‐16222‐9. Brendan Brown. (2004). Euro on Trial. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 188 pages. ISBN: 1‐4039‐1284‐X. Helge Berger and Thomas Moutos (Eds.). (2004). Managing European Union Enlargement. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 313 pages. ISBN: 0‐262‐02561‐2.     

The Impact of the U.S. Bio-Terrorism Act upon Canadian Exporters of Food Products to the United States: A Firm-Level Analysis

This article examines the impact of the 2002 U.S. Bio-terrorism Act (BTA) upon Canadian exporters of food products to the United States. A major goal of the BTA is to secure U.S. ports of entry against imports that might threaten the health or safety of U.S. citizens. Although this is a respectable goal, data from a sample of 144 Canadian exporters suggest that the BTA represents a non-tariff barrier to Canada-U.S. trade. Current regulatory procedures have disrupted cross-border supply chains in significant ways. These disruptions have damaged the Canada-U.S. commercial relationship by imposing extra shipment and distribution costs upon Canadian exporters. These delays have had a serious impact upon small-to-medium sized firms (SMFs). The article concludes with a brief discussion of possible remedial actions that might be taken by Canadian exporters.     

How Ethical are U.S. Business Executives? A Study of Perceptions

Not much has been written about how the ethics of U.S. business executives are perceived by the American public, yet the perception of integrity is important to both businesses and their investors. This study examines the U.S. public’s perceptions of the ethics of American business executives using Gallup Poll data for the past thirty years. Organizations with unethical executives have trouble attracting investors, customers, and new managerial talent. They suffer lawsuits, market share deterioration, and often prison time for the once-revered leaders. This study also looked at the U.S.’s relative standing on the Corruption Perceptions Index and the Edelman Trust Barometer. Confidence in the ethics of the U.S. business executive remains fairly low on the Gallup Poll surveys and the U.S. has declined on the CPI and Edelman Trust Barometer.     

The U.S. Multinational Advertising Agency and Public Policy

The overseas activities of U.S. multinational advertising agencies raise several important public policy issues. Host governments are likely to watch U.S. advertising agencies for unwanted signs of domination over local firms. They will also be sensitive to undesirable cultural influence along with several other real or imagined evils.

The U.S. government is unlikely to have significant interest in the specific activities of multinational advertising agencies. But. advertising agencies should be very wary of the impact of indirect regulation. Agency operation is going to be caught up in the increasing web of legislation designed for general regulation of multinational businesses.     

New business incubators

The United States has incomparable advantages over all other nations, not only to recapture and maintain technical-industrial leadership in most areas of commerce, but to provide international leadership to expand the global economy and raise the quality of life of all nations.

1. • The U.S. currently spends about $15 billion each year in basic research to expand the fundamental pool of knowledge. This is many times greater than any other nation, and represents an enduring and powerful advantage. It also provides an historically unprecedented array of application opportunities for all nations to create innovative niche businesses.

2. • The U.S. has the greatest breadth and depth of technical-industrial capability in the world to translate new discoveries into useful products, processes and services.

3. • The U.S. has a remarkable entrepreneurial culture which provides permission to fail and try again until success is achieved without permanent personal or public penalty.

4. • The U.S. has the largest pool of 4.5 million trained scientists and engineers in the world.

5. • The U.S. has the most flexible capital development capability in the world's largest market with a common language.

U.S. industrial competitiveness requires that these unique capabilities be maximized through continued removal of barriers, provision of incentives, and continual catalysis of cooperative efforts through diverse centers of innovation. The professionally managed incubation center concept has emerged as a most successful model to this end.     

Business ethics and the international trade in hazardous wastes

The annual production of hazardous wastes which was less than 10 million metric tonnes in the 1940s is now in excess of 320 million metric tonnes. These wastes are, in the main, by-products of industrial processes that have contributed significantly to the economic development of many countries which, in turn, has led to lifestyles that also generate hazardous wastes. The phenomenal increase in the generation of hazardous wastes coupled with various barriers to local disposal has led to the thriving international trade in these environmentally hazardous substances. This paper examines the nature of the international trade in hazardous wastes and the ethical issues associated with such business activity. Jang B. Singh, B. A. (Toronto), M.A. (St. Thomas), M.A. (Toronto), M.B.A. (Windsor), Ph.D. (Toronto), is Associate Professor of Business Administration at the University of Windsor. His research focus is on ethical issues involved in the management process. He also maintains a keen interest in issues related to business activity in the Third World. V. Chris Lakhan, M.A. (Windsor), Ph.D. (Toronto), F.R.G.S. is an Associate Professor affiliated with the Department of Geography and the Institute for International and Developmental Studies at the University of Windsor. He specializes in computer modeling, and theoretical and applied research on remote sensing, environmental impacts, and natural resources utilization.