公共就业服务均等化及其实现路径

公共就业服务均等化要求供给主体应向全体劳动者提供权利均等、机会均等以及结果均等的公共就业服务。近年来,我国政府通过建立和完善公共就业服务体系,有效缓解了就业压力,但在提供公共就业服务的过程中仍面临诸多困境。文章指出,为维护公平正义、构建和谐社会、逐步实现我国公共就业服务的均等化,应明晰政府公共就业服务的财政责任,完善公共就业服务保障体系,建立多元化的公共就业服务供给模式。     

政策信息

2020年基本建立购买公共文化服务体系 5月11日．国务院办公厅转发文化部、财政部、新闻出版广电总局、体育总局《关于做好政府向社会力量购买公共文化服务工作的意见》,对建立健全政府向社会力量购买公共文化服务机制,完善公共文化服务供给体系,提高公共文化服务效能作出部署。对政府向社会力量购买公共文化服务的购买主体、承接主体、购买内容、购买机制、资金保障、监管机制、绩效评价等作出规定。     

资讯备忘

政策信息2020年基本建立购买公共文化服务体系5月11日,国务院办公厅转发文化部、财政部、新闻出版广电总局、体育总局《关于做好政府向社会力量购买公共文化服务工作的意见》,对建立健全政府向社会力量购买公共文化服务机制,完善公共文化服务供给体系,提高公共文化服务效能作出     

社会影响力债券:政府购买社会服务的创新模式

尽管政府购买社会服务已经比政府独自承担社会服务的公共服务递送模式具有激发社会活力、调动社会资源、分担政府风险等方面的进步和优点。但就目前的政府购买服务而言,还存在着诸如:难脱"大政府、小社会"弊端,政府购买社会服务的动力不足;政府购买服务缺乏合理的定价机制等缺点。如同"新公共管理运动"的思想一样,如何让私营部门参与的话题再次进入了公共管理的视域,也就是期望通过政府、社会、市场三者协同机制的创新,探索一条更有效率的政府购买社会服务的模式,社会影响力债券因此得以孕育而生。简而称之,社会影响力债券就是通过发放债券的方式来解决社会     

黑龙江省公共就业服务体系创新与就业质量的关联研究

作为政府提供的公益性就业服务载体,黑龙江省的公共就业服务体系已经初步形成。借鉴发达国家通过完善公共就业服务体系来提高就业质量的经验,政府可以从劳动力市场一体化、完善政策制度体系、提高信息化建设和弱势群体就业援助的角度来创新黑龙江省公共就业服务体系,提高就业质量。     

探讨强化人力资源公共就业服务对劳动力就业的促进作用

人力资源公共就业服务作为政府的一项职责，充分发挥其功能可以促使就业问题得以高效缓解，推动就业率的大幅度上升，本文主要探讨强化人力资源公共就业服务对劳动力就业的促进作用，首先概述了劳动就业关系与政府促进劳动就业的职能，其次分析了我国人力资源公共就业服务中存在的问题，最后总结了人力资源公共就业服务在劳动力就业方面的促进作用。     

陕西省农村公共就业服务供需现状分析

公共就业服务是政府解决就业问题的一个重要途径,同时也是干预我国劳动力市场的一项重要手段。目前,陕西省农村富余劳动力是一个庞大的群体,就业压力巨大。公共就业服务机构通过为农村劳动力提供用工信息、职业介绍、就业培训等工作来提高农村劳动力的就业水平。据此,从供需的角度分析了陕西省农村公共就业服务的供给现状、需求现状,并提出了完善农村公共就业服务的对策。     

政府购买社区居家养老服务——以杭州城区为例

社区居家养老服务是以日托或者上门的行为,引进社会专业机构所提供的各类服务的养老服务体系。杭州政府引入市场竞争机制,以政府购买公共物品的方式与各界组织共同发展养老服务。本文将通过对杭州市目前政府购买养老服务业的现状作出分析,指出不足、提出可行措施。     

大力推进公共就业服务基层平台建设

公共就业服务基层平台是政府主导建立的直接提供基础性、公益性就业服务的一系列机构和场所,是公共就业服务体系的最基本载体。在我国,公共就业服务基层平台特指街道社区劳动保障工作平台中面向就业再就业事务的部分。我国公共就业服务平台建设是基本公共服务均等化的基本要求之一。     

“互联网+”公共就业服务的新发展

随着互联网技术的不断创新与发展,中国全民步入了信息化时代,在互联网影响社会生活方方面面的同时,创新公共就业服务机制,促进就业与创业发展,是全面实现小康社会的关键点,也是提高公共就业服务效率,促进就业增长的着力点。文章通过对"互联网+"时代的特点分析,以及我国当前公共就业服务信息化的简单回顾,重点研究了"互联网+"公共就业服务高度契合性下新的发展思路。     

GOODWIN'S LOTKA–VOLTERRA MODEL IN DISAGGREGATIVE FORM: A CORRECTION NOTE

This paper investigates Goodwin's Lotka–Volterra model in disaggregative form. Contrary to the known literature, it is found that both the economic significance and the dynamic behaviour of the model depend on the eigenvalues of the material input coefficients matrix.     

财政支出的空间外溢效应对区域经济增长的影响——以武汉城市圈为例

讨论财政支出的跨区溢出效应对于财政体制的设计以及区域经济发展意义重大。本文在以往研究的基础上,采用空间面板Durbin模型,实证研究了武汉城市圈内各地财政支出的空间外溢效应对区域经济增长的影响,圈内成员经济的空间互动性质以及其他经济变量的空间效应。研究结果表明,城市圈内财政支出尤其是生产性支出的空间溢出对区域经济有积极的促进作用;圈域内经济增长有显著的相互促进的空间关系;经济开放程度、外商直接投资以及储蓄率等对圈域经济增长有溢出效应。     

An explosion time characterization of asset price bubbles

In a standard continuous time asset pricing model, this paper provides an explosion time characterization of asset price bubbles that extends the existing characterization theorems in the literature from diffusion processes to general semimartingales (which can include jumps). This characterization has a nice economic interpretation, not emphasized in the existing literature.     

Exchange rates and fundamentals: evidence on the economic value of predictability

A major puzzle in international finance is the well-documented inability of models based on monetary fundamentals to produce better out-of-sample forecasts of the nominal exchange rate than a naive random walk. While this literature has generally employed statistical measures of forecast accuracy, we investigate whether there is any economic value to the predictive power of monetary fundamentals for the exchange rate. We find that, in the context of a simple asset allocation problem, the economic value of exchange rate forecasts from a fundamentals model can be greater than the economic value of random walk forecasts across a range of horizons.     

中国经济的真实收敛速度——基于模型方法的改进

经济增长收敛性是新古典增长理论做出的关键性预测,但是国内相关文献测算的收敛速度普遍偏高。文章通过慎重选取控制变量,同时考虑空间相关性和控制变量间可能存在的共线性,在提取主成分的基础上估计空间面板模型,得到的收敛速度仅为2.36%。这一结果既与国外文献的经验值更为接近,也与我国的经济现实更为相符。这启示我们,在研究经济增长的收敛机制时,既要慎重选择有关的控制变量,也要恰当地选择模型估计方法。     

Can commodity futures risk factors predict economic growth?

This paper examines whether commodity futures risk factors can predict future economic growth. We test risk factors capturing various spot or term premia and find that only three factors capturing term premia on the basis-momentum, basis, and change in slope are robust predictors for future economic growth, especially for long horizons. Our findings highlight the importance of the term premia, rather than the spot premia on which the literature has mainly focused. Moreover, we find that possible explanations for predictability of commodity factors—the intertemporal asset pricing model and information diffusion explanation—are all inconsistent with our empirical results.     

Ethics and Law: Guiding the Invisible Hand to Correct Corporate Social Responsibility Externalities

Tokenistic short-term economic success is not good indicia of long-term success. Sustainable business success requires sustained existence in a corporation’s political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental contexts. Far beyond the traditional economic focus, consumers, governments and public interest groups alike increasingly expect the business sector to take on more social and environmental responsibilities. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the model in which economic, social and environmental responsibilities are fulfilled simultaneously. However, there is insufficient empirical evidence that demonstrates genuine widespread adoption of CSR in practice, and its underlying reasons. Though research in CSR has been rapidly growing, its commercial reality and implications need to be further improved if it is to inspire corporations to voluntarily adopt CSR. In the literature, Carroll’s four-dimensional (economic, legal, ethical and discretionary) CSR framework offers a theoretical basis for developing an empirically based model to explain why and how profit-motivated managers take up CSR voluntarily. Our study has developed a structural equation model to identify the key factors and their interactions that influence economically motivated managers to take on voluntary CSR, and validate Carroll’s four-dimensional construct. The results support Carroll’s four-dimensional CSR framework, with the exception of the link pertaining to the relationship between economic and discretionary/voluntary responsibility. This characterises the economic reality that financial market-driven economic responsibility does not automatically translate into social responsibility. Nevertheless, the empirical results demonstrate that corporations can be led to engage in more voluntary CSR activities to achieve social good when appropriate legal and ethical controls are in place.     

公私医疗卫生支出与经济增长关系的实证分析

众所周知,医疗卫生支出不仅关系到一个国家社会福利政策的规划,还对经济增长具有不可忽略的促进作用。然而,现有文献对于医疗卫生支出与经济增长关系之间的研究结论却是众说纷纭。鉴于此,本文根据医疗卫生支出的支付主体,将其分为政府医疗卫生支出和居民医疗卫生支出,并通过建立双向固定效应模型对公私医疗卫生支出对经济增长的影响进行分析。结果显示：从全国平均水平来看,政府医疗卫生支出每增长100％,带动经济增长12．08％,居民医疗卫生支出每增长100％,带动经济增长15．85％;但与此同时,考虑到不同地区的经济发展非均衡化时,政府医疗卫生支出和居民医疗卫生支出带动经济增长的效应差异甚大,其中政府医疗卫生支出对经济增长呈现“倒U型”效应,而居民医疗卫生支出对经济增长呈现“阶梯型”效应。     

The macroeconomics of commercial policy and the trade balance: A policy perspective

Given the continuing growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the United States, there is a growing interest in examining its impact on the rate of economic growth. The immense literature on economic growth in the United States is composed of studies that concentrate on measuring the domestic variables that affect U.S. economic growth. However, the impact of foreign direct investment on the economic growth of the United States has not received the attention that is deserves. The purpose of this study is: (1) to examine the determinants of economic growth in the United States over time, and (2) to see if there is any time-series support for the FDI-led growth hypothesis in the United States. To achieve these goals the study uses a model that is based on the postulates of de Mello. Employing a 40-year period of annual data, the model is estimated by using the Beach Mackinnon technique which corrects for autocorrelation. The estimation results suggest the following conclusions: 1. The major determinants of economic growth in the United States are total factor productivity growth, domestic investment growth, and foreign direct investment growth. 2. Causal relationships between foreign direct investment growth and economic growth is uni-directional, running from foreign direct investment to economic growth. 3. Causal relationships between foreign direct investment growth and total factor productivity growth is uni-directional, running from foreign direct investment to total factor productivity. These findings suggest that foreign direct investment growth has a significant impact on the United States economic growth. Additionally, foreign direct investment has a significant impact on total factor productivity in the United States, further contributing to the United States’ economic growth. This calls on the U.S. policy makers to devise policies that are conducive to increasing the amount of foreign direct investment in this country.     

Does Economic Diplomacy Work? A Meta‐analysis of Its Impact on Trade and Investment

We review the literature on economic diplomacy and provide a meta‐analysis of 32 empirical studies published in 1986–2011 that deal with the trade and investment impact of economic diplomacy (embassies, consulates, other diplomatic facilities, investment and export promotion offices, trade and state visits). Controlling for differences in research design, methodology, time frame and manner of data, we find a positive and significant effect of economic diplomacy on international economic flows with the exception of state visits and that this is true in a sample of 627 t‐statistics analysed with OLS and for a larger sample of 963 reported significance levels analysed with logit thus illustrating robustness with respect to sample and estimation technique. Our analyses show that reported effects of economic diplomacy on trade and investment in individual studies are sensitive to model specification. The primary studies that investigate only one source country are less likely to report significant positive effects. Compared to other sciences, economic studies are less likely to report significantly positive effects of economic diplomacy. Primary studies lump embassies and consulates (general) into one indicator miss that these instruments differ significantly. Embassies, consulates and agencies should thus be included as separate instruments in future research.