资本充足率、资产规模与银行风险的关系研究

资本充足率是银行风险监管的一个重要指标,且大型银行和中小型银行的监管要求有稍许不同。为研究资本充足率对银行风险的影响是否会受到银行资产规模的影响,本文从非线性关系视角出发,采用面板门限模型来进行实证检验。本文基于2007-2014年38家商业银行的数据建立门限模型,以资产规模作为门限变量进行门限检验。实证发现,不同规模的商业银行其资本充足率对银行风险的影响不同。对于大型银行来说,资本充足率能够显著降低银行风险,但对于中小型商业银行来说,该作用不再显著。因此监管当局应针对不同规模的商业银行制定不同的资本充足率监管要求。     

货币政策、资本充足率与商业银行风险承担的实证研究——基于我国上市商业银行的经验研究

严格的货币政策、资本监管一方面会降低商业银行杠杆率和利润创造能力,另一方面会通过优化资产组合的方式增加收益。那么,货币政策、资本充足率与商业银行风险承担之间的关系将取决于二者的净效应。文章基于1998—2015年期间我国上市商业银行的微观数据,采用GMM动态面板估计方法实证检验了中国货币政策对银行风险承担的影响,验证了货币政策传导的银行风险承担渠道假说。实证结果显示:①货币政策与银行风险承担变量呈显著负相关关系;②规模越大、资本越充足的银行,其风险承担行为对货币政策的敏感性越低。     

商业银行资本充足率监管的有效性研究

商业银行资本充足率监管是银行监管的主要内容之一,金融危机过后,世界的经济大体上进入了后危机时代,这使银行和我国的经济都面临着严重的威胁,所以必须进行商业变革。研究表明:我国还应不断的提高商业银行资本充足率监管的有效性,就是资本充足率的监管,应有利于商业银行服务于实体经济,但是不能够完全影响银行的风险管理和改革转型。本文就商业银行具备的企业和社会特征,通过分析、研究商业银行资本充足率监管对银行风险管理、改革转型、对实体经济的影响等,以有效提高我国商业银行的资本充足率。     

从国际经验看我国资本充足率监管实践

资本监管是审慎银行监管的核心。发达国家和新兴市场国家的经验为我国资本充足率监管提供了有益的借鉴。《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》是符合我国国情的资本监管制度。为有效提高我国资本充足率水平 ,商业银行须在深化内控风险管理基础上 ,制订资本充足率达标计划 ,监管当局应监督各行资本充足率达标情况 ,并确保计划的有效实施。     

资本充足率监管与商业银行风险的关系探究

自从2004年银监会对国内商业银行的资本充足率规定指标以来,各银行都着力提升或维持资本充足率在指标以上.但是资本充足率的监管能否减低银行风险或者帮助银行增强风险抵御能力,国内学界尚无定论.而金融危机的冲击无疑使得人们更好地理解资本充足率监管的作用和缺陷,以及对银行风险的影响.     

商业银行资本、风险与效率的关系:中国经济转型期的经验研究

基于商业银行资本、风险与效率关系的理论阐释,采用市场化指数刻画我国经济转型的制度变迁过程,本文对中国经济转型期(1991-2008年)商业银行的资本、风险与效率关系进行了实证研究.研究表明:(1)我国商业银行资本水平与风险之间存在显著的正相关关系,说明随着资本水平的提高,商业银行会增加对高风险资产的投入;(2)效率较高银行的风险水平也较高,反映出市场竞争的压力和银行对于经营绩效的重视;(3)随着市场化改革的深入,银行业日益激烈的市场竞争加剧了商业银行对收益和风险的追求,有助于提高银行的经营效率.     

商业银行资本充足率的风险信息内容与质量

资本充足率所蕴含的合理风险信息内容包括:(1)在监管资本约束状态下,若商业银行采取了理性的行为反应,资本充足率将与违约概率负相关或至少不相关;(2)在信贷资产快速投放并消耗大量资本基础的情形下,唯有当监管资本的增补速度大于风险加权资产的增速时,资本充足率与违约概率才有其理论上的正相关可能;(3)资本充足率应与银行违约风险负相关。基于此判定标准与推理逻辑,我们以银监会推行巴塞尔II中国化的2004年为起点,以此后上市的主要商业银行为对象,从多维度研究了其资本充足率的风险信息内容及其信息质量的演变规律。研究表明:(1)主要商业银行在2008年之前的资本充足水平与其违约风险指标倾向于负相关,而在2008年之后更倾向于正相关,这隐含说明资本充足率的风险信息质量降低了;(2)城市商业银行资本充足率的风险信息质量似乎弱于主要商业银行。     

商业银行资本充足率和风险现状分析

1．引言 商业银行的本质是一个以营利为目的,以金融负债来筹集资金,并以多种金融资产为经营对象的金融机构,其主要利润来源于存贷款之间的利息差。随着我国股份制银行改革和利率市场化进程的不断加深,银行业务经营所面临的风险也越来越受到各部门的重视,如何在不断创新发展的金融市场中保证商业银行职能的多元化,发挥其在国民经济中重要的支柱作用,已经成为众多学者讨论研究的重要课题。《巴塞尔协议Ⅲ》对商业银行资本充足率提出了更高的要求,为应对更加严格的资本监管,商业银行对其资本充足水平和风险承担水平做出了积极的调整,以此促进我国银行业和金融市场的健康、有效运行。首先本文分析了我国商业银行资本充足率水平的现状,发现随着金融产品的多样化、金融市场关系的复杂化,商业银行越发重视提高其资本充足水平,以应对各种潜在风险。其次,本文对商业银行所面临的各种风险,特别是信用风险做了阐述,强调资本充足率对商业银行信用风险的影响作用。     

我国商业银行资本充足率的实证研究

我国商业银行的资本充足率不仅远高于巴塞尔协议的要求,而且有逐年提升的趋势。但一方面资本充足率带有浓厚的美英等国限制别国商业银行国际扩张的阴谋色彩,另一方面从流动性角度来看我国银行也没必要保持过高的资本充足率。因此,我国的银行业监管当局和商业银行应对资本充足率保持清醒的认识,一方面为了参与国际竞争要满足最低的资本要求,另一方面完全没必要保持远超过规定的高资本充足率。     

巴塞尔协议Ⅲ商业银行资本充足率研究

资本是商业银行赖以生存和发展的基础，资本监管是银行监管的重要内容之一。如何对商业银行进行适度的、有效的资本监管也是《巴塞尔资本协议》不断完善的基本出发点和归宿点。该文通过对《巴塞尔协议Ⅲ》中关于商业银行资本充足率内容的更新进行了研究，就如何调整和改进我国商业银行资本充足率提出建议。     

Additional Capital Adequacy Requirements for Class 1 Lending - the Implications for Building Societies

In March 1990 the UK Building Societies Commission (BSC) published a Prudential Note (1990/1) entitled ‘Capital Adequacy and Class 1 Advances' which made important and significant amendments to the original capital adequacy calculus pertaining to Class 1 assets as set out in Prudential Note 1987/1. Against the backdrop of sharply rising mortgage arrears and provisions, this paper analyses the background to these requirements and assesses the potential impact upon individual societies and the industry as a whole. The main conclusion is that the new requirements could have a significant impact upon some building societies and may well accelerate the merger movement within the building society industry.     

The Bank for International Settlements Capital Adequacy ‘Rules': Implications for Banks Operating in the UK

In December 1987 the Basle Committee of Supervisors, operating under the auspices of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), published guideline proposals for the approach to be taken by supervisors in the Group of Ten (G10) countries to the measurement and assessment of the capital adequacy of ‘internationally-active’ banks operating within their national boundaries. With some minor adjustments, these proposals were duly confirmed in July 1988 following extensive consultations with national supervisory bodies. The implications of these ‘rules', as interpreted and implemented by the Bank of England, for the capital requirements imposed on banks operating in the UK are assessed.     

Adequacy of International Codes of Behavior

International codes of corporate behavior have been proposed, discussed, negotiated, and promulgated by governments, transnational corporations, and inter-corporate associations over the past few decades. It is not clear that they have been resoundingly as successful in changing corporate behavior – particularly as to corruption and environmental protection – as have national government requirements imposed on foreign enterprises and their own officials. This article arrays the many attempts to structure cooperative action to re-order corporate behavior on several dimensions – restrictive business practices, labor conditions, human rights, environmental production, and corruption. It then assesses the extent to which behavior has been changed and what techniques are more effective in making corporate behavior more ethical.     

Family Decision Making and Resource Protection Adequacy

This study examines the correlation between resource protection and the intrahousehold distribution of bargaining power. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, the analysis quantifies potential changes in the surviving individual's living standard to evaluate the adequacy of resource protection. Individuals who generate a larger share of family income, are more financially knowledgeable, or have the “final say” in family decisions leverage their bargaining power to secure higher protection of their hypothetical widowhood living standard. Consequently, spouses with more bargaining power are less likely to experience declines of their living standard in the event of their spouse passing away and are more likely to be overprotected.     

Adequacy,Accessibility, and Goodness of Data

ABSTRACT

The impact of information technology in the industrialized world is dramatic and the trend is continuing at an exponential rate with global implications. In contrast, the impact of information technology in developing countries is marginal, with only a few countries daring to travel on the information superhighway. One fundamental reason for the lag in the utilization of information technology in developing countries is the absence of basic data. This article explores the possible causes of this lack of basic data by examining the normative factors, cultural and exotic, embedded in the current practices of collecting, storing, and accessing data in Ghana, a developing country.

We also discuss the importance of goodness of data (i.e., accuracy, reliability, and validity of data) and the practices that compromise them. We then suggest ways by which information technology can be used to (1) address the goodness of data, (2) solve the problems associated with the current practices of recording, storing, and accessing data, and (3) enhance decision making in policy formulation and strategic planning.     

外汇储备充足性标准的再探讨

由于外汇储备充足性标准的演变趋势是充足性要求的范围不断扩充,标准水平不断提高,但是发达国家的外汇储备却相对减少,实际情况与所述理论背离。因此,本文不认为GG-IMF准则有科学依据,它只是不计储备成本的理论鼓惑,并且带有知识的欺诈性。本文认为确定充足性标准的依据是国际收支波动风险和海外投资收益。     

第十釵:资本

资本是推动技术创新的重要力量,新技术的出现都有资本的功劳,从研发投入到技术的中试,规模化生产,都离不开各种资本的推动.另一方面,科学技术的进步不仅仅可以改善我们的生活,也能带来巨额财富.因此,掌握新技术的企业一直是资本追捧的宠儿.     

我国城市老年人主观经济状况充足感分析

主观经济状况充足度指标是经常被用做分析健康、经济幸福感和心理幸福感等问题的重要自变量之一.以中国老龄科研中心2006年"中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查"的城市数据为例,对全国16个省、市、自治区和直辖市的64个城市8018例60周岁及以上老年人相关数据进行分层多元回归分析.与国外研究相比,相同的结论包括老年人年龄越大、客观收入越多、健康状况越好、离退休及仍在工作的城市老人越愿意认为自己的主观经济状况是充足的;不尽一致的结论表现在老年女性、教育程度越高、已婚以及不与子女共同居住的城市老人越愿意认为自己的经济状况是充足的.在此基础上,分别从老年学理论和政策实践方面提出相关对策建议.     

Goodwill Capital

The concept of goodwill or brand capital is commonly employed by analysts in business and marketing to measure the asset value of a company name or a brand name, and consequently among accountants and business analysts, but is seldom used by economists. The purpose of this article is to begin to develop the concept of goodwill capital by presenting an analysis of what it is and some estimates of its likely magnitudes. We define goodwill capital, like the capital arising from R&D and advertising, as a form of intangible asset, albeit one which cannot be readily related to past investments in R&D, advertising, and capital equipment. We compute estimates of goodwill capital by deducting measures of these other three forms of capital from a firm's market value. For many companies, goodwill capital turns out to be the largest of its four capital stocks. Roughly half of our estimates of goodwill capital turn out to be negative.