中国已婚育龄人群避孕措施选择的偏好与影响因素分析

避孕节育是中国计划生育的核心内容之一,也是我国中长期人口发展战略中稳定低生育水平的重要措施之一.选取1988年全国生育节育抽样调查数据,利用多分类Logit模型(MNL)对不同特征育龄妇女避孕措施进行分析.不同生育周期和不同社会特征、子女性别、计划生育政策强度对已婚育龄人群避孕措施的选取有明显的影响.不同孩次的已婚育龄人群在避孕措施选择中都存在一定的避孕偏好,尤其是子女性别不同时呈现避孕措施选择的明显差异,即最小子女为女孩的育龄人群比最小子女为男孩的育龄人群更为倾向于选择避孕套等自控型短效避孕措施,提示避孕措施的选择存在制度内规避行为,并受到一定的性别偏好因素的影响.     

知情选择对中国避孕行为的影响分析

利用近三十年来的避孕抽样调查数据,考察知情选择的逐步展开对中国已婚育龄人群避孕行为的影响。育龄人群的避孕行为已随知情选择发生较大变化,短效自控型避孕措施选择的可能性在逐步升高,长效医控型避孕措施选择的可能性在逐步降低,避孕模式呈自由选择多元化发展态势。知情选择强化了个体因素在避孕措施选择中的决定作用,为育龄个体提供了更为自由的避孕选择空间。避孕行为受子女性别影响的社会事实长期存在,知情选择在一定程度上增加了性别偏好对避孕措施选择的影响。     

知情选择对中国避孕行为的影响分析

利用近三十年来的避孕抽样调查数据,考察知情选择的逐步展开对中国已婚育龄人群避孕行为的影响.育龄人群的避孕行为已随知情选择发生较大变化,短效自控型避孕措施选择的可能性在逐步升高,长效医控型避孕措施选择的可能性在逐步降低,避孕模式呈自由选择多元化发展态势.知情选择强化了个体因素在避孕措施选择中的决定作用,为育龄个体提供了更为自由的避孕选择空间.避孕行为受子女性别影响的社会事实长期存在,知情选择在一定程度上增加了性别偏好对避孕措施选择的影响.     

论社会性别与生育行为

性别偏好反应人们对生育子女性别的认识和期待，是生育意愿的重要组成部分，对人们的生育行为以及人口发展的数量和结构有着重要影响。从社会性别的视角出发，以性别偏好为桥梁，着重分析传统社会性别意识对生育行为的影响，并说明社会性别意识是如何通过生育偏好对人口发展过程产生影响。     

当国家意志与个体诉求相遇:计划生育与避孕选择

以中国已婚育龄个体避孕措施选择的定量及定性相结合的分析为研究起点,揭示育龄个体避孕诉求与国家计划生育意志之间存在冲突的社会事实,即个体偏好短效自控型避孕措施,而国家着力推行长效医控型避孕措施.当个体诉求与国家意志相遇,在互动中发生有限理性条件下的演进博弈,并形成演进稳定策略,出现唯一非合作演进均衡.     

论社会性别与生育行为

性别偏好反应人们对生育子女性别的认识和期待,是生育意愿的重要组成部分,对人们的生育行为以及人口发展的数量和结构有着重要影响。从社会性别的视角出发,以性别偏好为桥梁,着重分析传统社会性别意识对生育行为的影响,并说明社会性别意识是如何通过生育偏好对人口发展过程产生影响。     

避孕知情选择对中国人工流产的影响分析

随着避孕知情选择的逐步展开,我国已婚育龄人群的避孕模式发生了较大变化。其中,短效自控型避孕措施构成的升高,减弱了原来以长效医控型避孕措施为主的避孕模式所固有的高避孕效果,也增加了意外妊娠的可能性。人工流产作为意外妊娠的主要补救措施,其发生的可能性是否随知情选择的开展而有所变化?目前,鲜有学者对此进行过全国层面的系统量化分析。利用1988～2001年全国计划生育/生殖健康抽样调查数据,比较知情选择开展前后人工流产行为的变化。伴随知情选择的全面展开,已婚育龄妇女人工流产发生可能性降低的趋势在各个孩次上都有明显的体现,表明我国知情选择的逐步推广已产生了一定的良性效果。     

流动人口生育意愿、性别偏好及其决定因素——来自全国四个主要城市化地区12城市大样本调查的证据

基于课题组2009年进行的全国四个主要城市化地区12个大中小城市流动人口调查的微观数据,考察了流动人口的生育意愿和性别偏好,特别是研究了影响流动人口生育意愿的决定因素。流动人口同城市人口在生育数量偏好上已经不存在明显差距,但性别偏好观念上仍有显著差异;较农村人口,流动人口生育数量偏好明显要小,男孩偏好也要弱。流动人口的年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、健康状况、工作类型和居住类型对生育意愿有显著影响。     

避孕知情选择对中国人工流产的影响分析

随着避孕知情选择的逐步展开,我国已婚育龄人群的避孕模式发生了较大变化.其中,短效自控型避孕措施构成的升高,减弱了原来以长效医控型避孕措施为主的避孕模式所固有的高避孕效果,也增加了意外妊娠的可能性.人工流产作为意外妊娠的主要补救措施,其发生的可能性是否随知情选择的开展而有所变化?目前,鲜有学者对此进行过全国层面的系统量化分析.利用1988～2001年全国计划生育/生殖健康抽样调查数据,比较知情选择开展前后人工流产行为的变化.伴随知情选择的全面展开,已婚育龄妇女人工流产发生可能性降低的趋势在各个孩次上都有明显的体现,表明我国知情选择的逐步推广已产生了一定的良性效果.     

中国已婚妇女人工流产中的性别选择

利用2001年全国计划生育／生殖健康调查数据，分析了育龄妇女建彳亍人工流产选择的几种可能性，包括终止再生育、时间选择和性别选择等。在缺乏必要的B超检查等手段与性别选择流产数据的情况下，以流产后子女性别为指标，探讨了人工流产与性别选择的关系，比较了曾生子女的性别和不同生育政策对于人工流产的性别选择的影响。     

The effect of marital status,income, age and other variables on insolvency in the U.S.A.

The prodiction of insolvency among U.S. households was the focus of this study with the use of data drawn from the Surveys of Consumer Finance^1.2 which were sponsored by the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. Analysis of panel data for a random sample of 1,934 households showed that age of the household head had a negative relationship with insolvency while income had a strong, negative effect. In the first period (1983), married couples had lower predicted insolvency rates than other household types. In the second period (1984), the relationship between marital status and insolvency was not as clear, but married couples with children had substantially lower predicted insolvency than did single-parent households.     

Use of time as a determinant of family market behavior

An attempt is made to represent the concept of life style in terms of the use of time. The variables obtained are used to test their effectiveness, in conjunction with socioeconomic and attitudinal variables, for explaining certain types of consumer financial behavior, using data from two panels of young married couples, one of 130 couples in Decatur-Peoria, Illinois, and the other of 185 couples in Chicago. The results indicate that use-of-time variables are significant in helping to explain purchase of durables, ownership of credit cards, and amount of insurance.     

The Roles of Gender and Marital Status on Risky Asset Allocation Decisions

We analyze data on asset allocations in individual retirement accounts to examine the roles of marital status and gender on investment decisions. We utilize data from two birth cohorts to understand the relationship over a wide age range. We find that, in their 30s and early 40s, men are more likely to hold a majority of their funds in stocks in individual retirement accounts compared to women. The gender difference disappears around retirement age; however, a significant difference by marital status emerges in that age group. Divorced and widowed individuals are less likely to hold a majority of their funds in stocks compared to married individuals in their 60s. While there exists a positive gap in stock holdings between married men and married women in their 30s, the gender gap is nonexistent among older individuals. Using paired data on stock holdings in the older birth cohort, we show that husbands' and wives' asset allocations in individual retirement accounts are strongly correlated, coinciding with the lack of a gender gap in stock holdings among older couples.     

Consumer behavior in accumulating household financial assets

The acquisition of household financial assets by married couples are examined. Guttman scalogram analysis is used to develop and evaluate the reproducibility of the derived accumulation scales. To test the reliability of the findings, split halves and longitudinal analyses are conducted. In addition, financial asset patterns are examined across three age segments. Finally, some implications for future consumer research on financial assets are suggested.     

Satisfaction with household production: the effect of time spent in household production by husbands and wives

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the extent of household production and satisfaction with household production. Data were obtained from 400 married couples who responded to a postal questionnaire. The dependent variable was an index of satisfaction incorporating two aspects of household production, quality and quantity. Regression analysis indicated that of the three variables representing the extent of household production in the model — hours spent by each spouse in household production and an activity index to measure the number of household production activities — only husband's hours spent in household production demonstrated a significant, independent effect. Other significant variables included husband's hours of market work, household net worth, age of respondent and gender of respondent. Two significant interactions indicated that (i) the relationship between wife's hours of household production and satisfaction with household production differed according to the gender of the respondent, and (ii) the relationship of husband's hours of market work and satisfaction differed according to the age of the respondent.     

对中国育龄妇女生育健康指标的探讨

90年代以来生育健康的提出为人口研究领域扩展了新的方向。但生育健康的包罗万象和难以定量制约了对其定量研究的深入。本文提出了一套适用于中国的衡量育龄妇女个人生育健康的描述性个体指标 ,把健康作为具有生理、心理和社会三方面的整体加以考虑 ,从安全孕产、有生育能力、生育调节、生殖系统疾病、性健康和婴儿 6个方面测量育龄妇女生育健康的结果。指标的选择和设计试图不单从妇幼保健或计划生育的目的出发 ,而是全面、准确地描述某时期内育龄妇女生育健康的状况 ,以利于为制定政策和规划项目提供有价值的、较全面的参考信息     

中国农村大龄未婚男性的自慰行为——基于性别失衡背景的研究发现

利用2008年8月在安徽省CH市JC区27岁以上的农村男性调查数据,对中国性别失衡背景下的农村大龄未婚男性的自慰行为进行了深入研究。大龄未婚男性的自慰频度显著高于已婚男性,但性交频度和自慰性高潮均显著低于已婚男性。对于大龄未婚男性而言,自慰频度并不能替代性交频度,但却可能是正常或稳定性活动的有效替代;同时自慰频度能有效提高自慰性高潮,因而从一定程度上可以帮助大龄未婚男性释放性压抑,改善性福利。     

Retirement and transition phenomena in the family purchase process

Research is needed on the family purchase process of retirement‐age couples, because 78 million baby boomers are rapidly approaching retirement age. Both boomers and the retirement‐age couples in this study present special opportunities to marketers through new roles adopted in retirement. This study reports on perceptions of family purchase process participation among retirement‐age couples. Results indicate that transition retirees' family purchase process participation differs from that of post‐transition retirees. This finding has managerial implications for marketers wishing to serve desirable segments of current and future retirement‐age consumers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Are they playing by the same rules? A consumer gifting classification of marital dyads

This article sets out a research program that examines the dynamics of gifting behavior of long-term committed dyadic relationships—married couples. Our research considers the findings of a study in which the reported gifting behavior of couples reveals two gifting rulebooks; the first rulebook consisting of a set of symbolic communication rules, and a second rulebook consisting of economic exchange rules. Most importantly, we develop a consumer gifting classification of marital dyads. Finally suggestions are offered for future research and implications are drawn for marketing strategy.