新疆主要地区水资源承载力比较研究

通过近年来快速的经济发展,环境承受的压力越来越大。伴随着人口和经济的增长,水资源日益短缺。对处于干旱、半干旱地区的新疆来说,情况更为严重。结合2012年新疆各地州(市)的经济发展及水资源状况,运用主成分分析法从空间的维度对新疆各地州(市)的水资源承载力进行横向的比较分析。研究结果显示,新疆水资源的承载力在空间上表现出很大的差异,南疆5个地区的综合得分普遍较高,结论认为在新疆干旱、半干旱地区水资源自然禀赋等自然条件对水资源承载力的影响很大。     

黑龙江省装备制造业竞争力比较分析

装备制造业是一个国家或地区经济发展的基石,也是增强国家或地区竞争力的基础,装备制造业竞争力在一定程度上反映了该国或地区的经济实力。通过以主成份分析法对黑龙江省装备制造业竞争力进行定量分析,发现黑龙江省装备制造业七个产业的综合竞争力水平均处于全国平均水平之下具有很大的发展空间;通用设备制造业、专用设备制造业的竞争力处于中游这两方面都具有较好的发展前景,应当作为黑龙江省重点发展的产业。     

湖南省水资源可持续利用的密切值法评价

分别介绍了密切值评价模型的原理和算法,在经专家咨询和参考有关文献的基础上,以降水量、地表径流量、地表水资源量、地下水资源量、综合用水量、万元GDP用水量、万元工业用水量、人均水资源量等12项指标构建评价体系,并将其运用到湖南省14个设区市水资源可持续利用评价中,结果表明:怀化市可持续利用水平最好,湘潭市最差,与湖南的水资源现实情况基本吻合,以此为基础,对各地的水资源可持续利用问题进行分析,为水资源利用提供科学依据。     

漳河水库灌区水资源需求结构与合理配置研究

以漳河水库灌区水资源实际利用情况为依据,分析了灌区内经济社会各部门水资源需求,并从部门之间、地区之间、空间和时间等方面对需求结构差异进行了阐述,在水资源配置的高效性、公平性、安全性、生态环境平衡和可持续利用的原则下,建立了水资源合理配置模型,并对水资源需求结构调整与合理配置模型之间的影响做了初步分析。     

基于主成分分析的新疆水资源承载力研究

近年来水资源短缺现象日益严重,特别是处于干旱、半干旱地区的新疆水资源短缺现象更为严重.文章运用主成分分析法对新疆水资源承载力从时间维度进行综合评价,结果显示,2002～2011年新疆水资源承载力呈现逐年递增的趋势,经济发展因子、人口因子和水资源自然状况因子对水资源承载力具有很大的影响.     

陕西省水资源承载力动态研究

运用主成分分析法,从影响陕西省水资源承载力动态变化的13个影响因子中选出3个作为主成分,并用熵值法进行客观赋权,从而得到2000-2008年陕西省水资源承载力的综合得分状况。结果表明:2000-2008年陕西省水资源承载力水平总体上趋于稳定,局部年份有波动;在2003年后,呈现出稳步增长的状态,但由于人口和经济的持续发展及水资源总量不足且时空分布不均,导致水资源承载力增长潜力较小。     

基于因子分析法的文化实力评估——以湖南省为例

应用因子分析法,将表示湖南省14市州文化实力的29个指标,化为七个主因子。利用这七个主因子对14市州的文化实力进行综合排名,提出相关建议:协调各个地区的发展;在鼓励综合文化发展上进行改革。     

论城市水资源的高效利用

结合我国水资源短缺及利用现状,分析了影响城市水资源需求量的因素,并从意识培养、政策建立、经济杠杆作用和管理体制四个层面出发,分析了城市水资源的高效利用问题,保证在不影响居民生活的舒适程度的前提下,实现水资源的可持续利用,建立节水型社会。     

论城市水资源的高效利用

结合我国水资源短缺及利用现状,分析了影响城市水资源需求量的因素,并从意识培养、政策建立、经济杠杆作用和管理体制四个层面出发,分析了城市水资源的高效利用问题,保证在不影响居民生活的舒适程度的前提下,实现水资源的可持续利用,建立节水型社会。     

区域水资源承载力与可持续发展研究

水资源承载力与社会、经济、环境可持续发展的协调性是全球关注的重大问题,是水资源安全的基本度量。以人口承载力为综合评价指标,计算2002年-2006年江苏省的整体水资源承载能力,结果显示按照温饱型标准均为不饱和承载,按照过渡型标准考虑则2003年-2006年为人口超载,按小康型和初步富裕标准考虑均为人口超载,又在此基础上评价了2007年江苏省部分行政分区的水资源承载能力;同时提出了在节约型方案下对江苏省部分地区2010年和2020年的水资源承载能力,结果表明苏北、苏中地区的水资源承载力仍然很大。最后在定量分析的基础上提出了江苏省水资源可持续利用的具体对策。     

Building Consumer Relationships Electronically

Abstract

This article addresses a set of interrelated issues in electronic Consumer Relationship Management (eCRM). The focus is specifically on an e-tailing context which consists of (a) consumers purchasing search goods of medium price, that (b) are delivered physically. The discussion deals with: (1) the relational needs of online consumers; (2) whose relational commitment emerges from a staged process; (3) involving an accumulated series of satisfying transactions; (4) that may entail different transaction types; and (5) with satisfaction on any given occasion being based on achievement relative to their expectations. These five components form a framework for building the eCRM business. The archetype for this e-tailing format is Amazon.com which, therefore, is used as a running example.     

我国军工上市公司股权结构与经济绩效关系的实证研究

以我国军工上市公司为研究对象,运用主成份分析法求出其综合经济绩效,并在此基础上,进一步运用线性回归模型分别研究了综合经济绩效与军工上市公司的国有股比例、流通股比例、第一大股东持股比例和前五大股东持股比例等变量之间的关系.最后得出结论:我国军工企业国有股减持,增加流通股比例并不必然提高经济绩效.理想的状态是股权结构相对集中.即存在几个相对控股的股东对提高公司经济绩效较为有利.     

Cross-Cultural Meanings of Healthy and Beautiful in Words,Beauty Types,and Products

Abstract

The debate about standardized versus localized advertising strategy is a long-standing one, and fraught with human and organizational complexities that argue for the cultural uniqueness of a national market versus the desire for a unified global image. A key issue is whether the same meaning in a specific advertising message will be transferred across cultures. This study deals with cross-cultural comparisons across five European cities (Madrid, Milan, Paris, London, and Hamburg) and focuses on the perceived differences of the meaning of two words (healthy and beautiful), two beauty types (women' faces), and two products (water and perfume). The results show that it is difficult to achieve sameness of meaning for even international products and beauty types. Suggestions for a conceptual match-up model for advertising components are made and implications are drawn for future practice and research.     

偏最小二乘-近红外透射光谱法用于秦皮中多组分测定的研究

本文用偏最小二乘（PLS）算法解析中草药秦皮中有效成分秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素的近红外（NIR）透射光谱,避免了繁杂的分离处理过程。预测了14种秦皮中的秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素浓度。讨论了波长范围、主成分数以及导数光谱对预测结果的影响。用HPLC法测定值作标准,秦皮甲素预测值的相对误差RE（%）〈5.32%;当秦皮乙素浓度〉0.30%时,预测值的RE（%）〈25%。初步证明PLS算法-NIR透射光谱可以用于中草药中的多组分测定。     

Learning and development expertise: an Australian analysis

Learning and development (L&D) practitioners draw on a distinctive range of knowledge, skills and techniques in their work. Over the years, there have been attempts to capture this range and identify typical L&D roles. The research presented here was undertaken to identify characteristic areas of expertise (AOEs) of L&D practice in Australia, and to collect data about roles and organizational settings in which these AOEs are deployed. The research was commissioned by the Australian Institute of Training and Development. Literature relating to L&D was consulted, and Australian L&D experts were interviewed to draft a list of L&D AOEs. Responses to a survey by 589 Australian L&D practitioners were used to appraise the model. A principal components analysis of perceptions of the importance of the different types of expertise revealed that practitioners tended to rate one of three ‘clusters’ as important to their work: a strategy and analysis cluster, a learning facilitation cluster and a design and systems cluster. This analysis raises the question of contemporary L&D roles with implications for strategic HRD policy and professional associations. The typology may be utilized to target professional L&D activities, and provides impetus for further research to investigate the internal relationships between cluster components.     

Venture capitalists and serial entrepreneurs

Habitual entrepreneurship is receiving growing attention, much of which has focused on entrepreneurs who have started more than one venture. This paper examines the importance of habitual entrepreneurs to the venture capital industry, with particular emphasis on those who have exited from an initial investment in the venture capitalist's portfolio, termed serial entrepreneurs. As venture capital markets mature, increasing numbers of entrepreneurs are likely to exit from their initial enterprises, creating a pool of entrepreneurs with the potential for embarking on subsequent ventures. Venture capitalists making investments may invest both in entrepreneurs starting new ventures and those who purchase a venture through a management buy-out or buy-in. On this wider basis, the paper develops a classification of types of serial venture. A number of issues are raised for venture capitalists, notably the relative attractiveness of reinvesting in exited entrepreneurs and the policy they adopt in tracking and assessing such individuals.The paper addresses venture capitalists' perspectives on investing in serial entrepreneurs based on a representative sample of 55 UK venture capitalists (a response rate of 48.7%, and a follow-up survey of those who had more extensive experience of serial entrepreneurs (23 respondents). The results of the survey show that despite a strong preference for using an entrepreneur who had played a major role in a previous venture, the extent to which exiting entrepreneurs are funded from their own portfolio again is limited, though there is more extensive use of such individuals in a consultancy capacity. In screening entrepreneurs exiting from previous ventures for subsequent investments, venture capitalists scored attributes relating to commercial awareness, experience in a particular sector, and personal ambition of the entrepreneur most highly.Venture capitalists do make extensive use of serial entrepreneurs who have exited from other venture capitalists' portfolios, primarily to lead management buy-ins. Indications from the survey are that venture capitalists rarely assess entrepreneurs formally at the time of exit and that it is unusual to maintain formal links with entrepreneurs after they have exited. These apparent shortcomings suggest that perhaps investment opportunities are being missed. Those venture capitalists preferring serial entrepreneurs generally had a larger volume of funds under investment and were rather older than those venture capitalists who do not prefer to use serial entrepreneurs, reflecting the possibility that longer established venture capitalists have had more opportunity and experience in relation to second-time entrepreneurs.Investment appraisal factors were subject to a principal components analysis to identify underlying dimensions/relationships between them. With respect to the general investment appraisal factors, five factors were identified. Two factors were related to track record; one of these reflected ownership experience, while the other represented management experience. The third factor was related to personal attributes such as age, knowledge, and family background. The fourth factor represented links to the funding institution, and the final factor (a single variable factor) concerned financial commitment. The principal components analysis for screening factors on management buy-ins produced a single factor comprising all variables. These factors were then subject to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), with preference for use of a serial entrepreneur as the independent variable. The results suggest that there are significant differences between venture capitalists who prefer serial entrepreneurs and those who do not in respect to their business ownership experience, the length of their entrepreneurial careers, and the number of their previous ventures.The results of the study have implications for practitioners. First, the findings emphasize the importance of not considering previous venture experience in isolation but in the context of other key investment criteria. Second, the lack of strongly greater performance from serial, versus novice, entrepreneurs further emphasizes the care to be taken in assessing experienced entrepreneurs. Third, the relatively low degree of formal and rigorous post-exit assessment and monitoring by venture capitalists suggests that important opportunities to invest in experienced entrepreneurs may be missed.     

Nonparametric item response theory for investigating dimensionality of marketing scales: A SERVQUAL application

Assessing scale dimensionality is an important issue in the marketing literature. In an exploratory context, principal axis factoring and principal components analysis receive emphasis, while other fields apply suitable alternatives. This article introduces a promising procedure known as Mokken scale analysis. Using an empirical data set, we demonstrate how Mokken scale analysis complements principal axis factoring and principal components analysis for gaining understanding of the dimensionality of the items in the SERVQUAL instrument. December 2007, resubmission of a conditionally accepted paper.     

Commonality in trading activity and futures‐cash basis: Evidence from the Taiwan futures and stock markets

This study examines commonality in trading activity by various types of institutional investors across futures and stock markets, and the dynamic relationship between the common factors in trading activity and the futures‐cash basis. The empirical results provide evidence of commonality in trading activity by various types of institutional investors across futures and stock markets. Additionally, this study finds that the first principal component of trading activity is most closely related to the futures trading of mutual funds. Moreover, the empirical results indicate that the first principal component of trading activity and mutual funds' futures trading Granger‐cause the futures‐cash basis and vice versa. Finally, the results of the impulse response functions show that the first principal component of trading activity as well as mutual funds' futures trading have a greater impact on the futures‐cash basis than other common factors and other investor types. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 32:964–994, 2012     

电子商务在建筑业应用模式探讨

随着信息相关技术的发展,国际互联网已经为基于网络的建筑工程电子商务应用提供了一个良好的环境。在各种不同类型的电子商务中,企业对企业和企业对政府两种模式被广泛的使用。同时探讨了企业对企业系统在建筑行业的应用,并对招投标和采购两种模式分别进行阐述。此外,电子政府也正成为政府职能中重要的一环,并具体描述了具有五大功能模块的典型电子政府框架。     

Best–Worst Scaling Approach to Predict Customer Choice for 3PL Services

This study describes a simple, theoretically based methodology to analyze the nature of customer demand for third‐party logistics provider service components. The method overcomes limitations in prior studies and enables us to examine the relative importance of product and service attributes as they pertain to the choice of third‐party logistics providers. Two distinct types of customers populate our data: those professing operational attributes and those seeking relational attributes. The theoretical and practical implications are that improved supply chain models can be developed when separate demand structures are taken into account.