对提高基层调查数据质量的思考

<正>基层调查是政府统计工作的基石,是宏观统计数据的入口。可以说,基层调查数据作为政府调查统计数据的源头,其数据质量直接影响着国家统计数据的准确性、真实性,影响着政府统计数据的公信力。一、影响基层调查数据质量的因素基层调查部门作为数据的调查、搜集、整理和提供者,是数据质量的责任主体,其对数据质量的影响主要有以下几个方面:1.基层基础工作薄弱。目前大多数乡镇只设一名专(兼)职     

统计数据质量现状分析及对策

统计工作的质量是关乎整个统计工作执行是否科学有效的重要指标,无论是企业数据的采集与统计还是国民经济数据的统计,对于统计数据质量的把控是非常严格的,准确的统计数据能够真实的反应出主体实际运行情况,便于管理者适时调整发展规划,相反,统计数据的失真对于整个经济运行环境的冲击是巨大的,不仅对政府职能部门的形象是一种损害,而且是对经济发展资源的绝对浪费,所以必须提高统计数据质量,治理和防范统计失真,具体对策应完善各项统计指标体系;建立数据发布制度;建立数据质量评估体系;引进数据统计专业人才;推进统计法制进程;完善统计工作绩效考核制度。     

浅谈统计人员的责任意识

为了保证统计数据的准确性、真实性和可靠性,除了需要依靠法律对统计部门的统计行为进行约束,同时更需要加强统计人员的培训,提高责任意识。作为统计资料的提供者,统计部门和统计人员必须保证数据的质量。因此,提高统计人员的责任意识,是保证统计数据质量根本保障。     

探究林业统计数据质量评估体系及其应用价值

林业统计数据对整个社会生产具有重要的作用,所以需要建立相应的质量评估体系,让林业统计数据能为其他环节提供基础数据,从而促进生产发展。本文先对林业统计数据及质量评估中出现的问题进行了探讨,再对林业统计数据质量评估体系指标的选择和方法进行了说明。     

大数据时代背景下统计数据质量的评估方法及适用性分析

阐述了大数据时代的统计数据特征和质量准确性需求,分析了包括逻辑规则检验、核算数据重估、计量模型分析、统计分布验证、调查偏差评估、多维评估延伸六种评估方法的概念特征以及适用性。为了适应大数据时代的发展需求,需要加强对统计数据质量评估方法的研究力度,进一步完善评估体系,实现中国统计研究的新变革。     

统计数据质量控制策略

统计数据是国家最重要、最基本的信息资源.随着经济全球化、信息化时代的到来,统计数据已成为社会经济信息的主体.社会各界对统计信息的需求越来越广泛,同时对统计数据质量的要求也越来越高.在中国,由于普遍对数据质量不够重视,相应的制度和法律又不够健全,社会上又频频出现由于这些因素而导致数据质量低下的例子.本文分析了统计数据质量问题;然后在借鉴了国外发达国家的统计数据质量的发展和实施统计数据质量全过程控制的对策建议,为提高我国统计数据质量提供依据.     

人工智能侵权责任法理分析及其规制路径

随着科技进步,人工智能在不断向前发展的同时,也带来了一些社会与法律问题。实践中存在的一些人工智能侵权现象,其侵权的领域主要分布在肖像权、著作权以及一些人身财产方面,各个领域的不同又会影响着不同的责任主体,因此需要对生产者（设计者）、销售者和使用者进行清晰的归责分析,从明确责任主体、设置归责原则、强化人工智能监管、完善人工智能法规四个方面进行人工智能侵权的法律规制。     

小议提升产业集聚区竞争力的检验检疫政策

当前,竞争力问题的研究在理论界和学术界都得到了普遍的关注和重视,而产业集聚作为一种特殊的区域组织形态,已经成为影响国际间经济竞争力的主要因素之一。作为外贸执法部门的检验检疫机构,既是当地外贸集聚产业所处质量环境的培育和监督者,又是集聚产业区内各主体质量提升与协调发展的推动者。     

数据质量评估框架及其信息量分析

统计数据质量重要性催生出各国用于数据质量评估的框架、系统,IMF制定的数据质量评估框架因其结构完整性和较强归纳性受到成员国的广泛采用。文章通过运用信息熵理论对数据质量评估框架(DQAF)本身的维度、指标信息量问题进行研究,得出：(1) DQAF各维度、指标在账户内     

统计数据准确性的满意度调查分析

统计数据质量的好坏关系到统计工作的成败。借鉴研究成果,以统计工作者作为调查对象,对统计数据准确性满意度进行测评发现:统计数据准确性满意度不尽人意,其中数据的连续性满意度最高,统计数据的可比性满意度最低影响数据准确性主要因素有行政干预、统计人员素质、被调查人配合度等。进一步提升我国统计数据准确性,应全面加强基层统计队伍建设,提升基层统计人员素质;加强统计执法力度,构建政府或权力干预的防范机制;对被调查人的信息加以保护,提升统计调查效率。从而提升统计数据质量,提高数据统计的适用性和政府统计的公信力。     

政府统计数据质量的用户满意度测评——基于多层次模糊综合评价的实证研究

参照若干国家统计部门与国际组织采用的统计质量概念体系与评估标准,确立了政府统计数据质量用户满意度测评的四级指标体系。通过实施用户满意度调查,综合运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价方法,有效揭示了当前阶段社会公众对政府统计部门所提供统计数据信息的质量感知和满意状况。不论是就各项质量维度、还是就总体统计数据质量而言,政府统计数据质量的用户满意程度都属于一般水平。而统计生产的制度规范性、统计数据可得性与准确性则是当前政府统计数据质量改进过程中应予重点关注的方面。     

Selective Engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility: A Stakeholder Perspective

This paper attempts to understand selective engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR involves various issues that can meet demands from multiple stakeholders. A firm can focus on certain CSR issues to satisfy a particular stakeholder while ignoring the demands from other stakeholders, or it can take a more balanced approach to CSR by addressing a wider range of social issues. In this paper, I investigate how stakeholder pressures from three types of primary stakeholders (customer, supplier, and employee) shape selective engagement in CSR. The empirical results based on a representative sample of more than 1,000 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the early 2000s suggest that firms prioritize their stakeholders based on instrumental considerations. Those stakeholders who have greater power over the focal firm will exert a larger impact on a firm’s CSR engagement. Constrained by limited managerial resources, firms accord attention to a limited range of issues most relevant to salient stakeholders. Specifically, MNCs as major customers pressure the focal firm to assume more responsibility for product quality, as well as on a wider range of social issues; SOEs as both major customers and major suppliers pressure the focal firm to assume more responsibility for employee welfare; employees with higher education pressure the focal firm to assume more responsibility for employee welfare, and for a wider range of social issues. This study contributes to stakeholder theory and research on the CSR of SMEs, and has important implications for CSR practitioners.     

New insights in Peer-to-Peer carsharing and ridesharing participation intentions: Evidence from the “provider-user” perspective

Carsharing services (CS) and ridesharing are gaining popularity worldwide through Peer-to-Peer (P2P) platforms, which appear to gradually complement or replace conventional CS business.This empirical study investigates the participation intentions in P2P shared mobility services accounting for different statuses people may adopt: provider and/or user. The analysis of a large car owner survey in three major European capitals indicates that these participation decisions are driven by common latent preferences and, people who are more prone to become a peer provider are more likely to use the P2P shared mobility service (and vice versa). The results also reveal the role of individual values such as possession self-link, individualism, and environmentalism in the decision to join a P2P shared mobility platform. Furthermore, our study shows how provider/user status may affect the participation intentions process in the urban population.     

基于不完全非合作博弈的上市公司违规行为分析

频频发生的上市公司违规实际上是不同利益主体之间博弈的结果。违规上市公司涉及的利益主体主要是控股股东、中小股东与监管者,他们之间的博弈是不完全、非合作博弈。本文建立了违规上市公司及其控股股东与中小股东、监管者之间的博弈模型,发现了影响上市公司及其控股股东违规概率高低的主要因素是制度安排、违规成本与监管力度等,在此基础上提出了建立利益相关者共同治理的治理结构、立法保护利益相关者利益、实施对监管者监管等有效治理上市公司违规行为的政策建议。     

Foreign environments: The internationalisation of environmental producer services

The ‘greening’ of manufacturing firms has created new markets for environmental producer services. Environmental service providers from industrialised countries are more and more forced to internationalise, often due to the international activities of their client firms or to an insufficient offer of such services in the host countries. While knowledge-intensive services in general face problems entering foreign markets, environmental producer services are particularly confronted with specific non-tariff barriers. The latter are not only related to regulatory frameworks, accreditation problems (‘neo-protectionism’) or missing cultural skills, but also to specific aspects such as confidence between service provider and client firm.     

The role of Swedish retailers in food innovations

Innovations should create value for increasingly individualistic consumers with varying demands and for other stakeholders. Today, retailers have the power in the supply/value chain. This research investigates how Swedish food retailers view innovations, their role and that of customers and suppliers in the development process and how they see future development. The study is based on open-ended interviews. The results show that Swedish retailers regard food product innovations as something to provide to consumers rather than achieve with consumers. Retailers want more collaboration with packaging suppliers to differentiate. Retailers are successful in establishing their own brands, in becoming brands themselves and in competing with producer brands. This follows the UK model and may result in fewer alternatives in stores and fewer product – or new technology-based innovations by Swedish producers. Service innovations can still occur for retailers to retain consumer loyalty. Consumers demand more than new products; they want to be excited by the shopping experience. More innovations will require deeper insight about consumers, efforts from the value chain and from outsiders. Collaboration is needed to establish trust among supply chain actors.     

Corporate environmental sustainability reporting in the context of national cultures: A quantile regression approach

This work, based on previous evidence within international business management research, aims to test the influence of communities’ culture features on corporate environmental sustainability reporting (CESR) practices. To overcome some limitations of conventional statistical approaches applied by previous research, a quantile regression (QR) model is implemented which allows setting a framework to test the working hypotheses in different scenarios that cover divergent firms’ commitment levels to stakeholder engagement and CESR practices development. Our central results addresses that different national culture dimensions present a non-monotonic influence on CESR practices. This result, which is analyzed through the Stakeholder Theory proposals, can be explained because corporate sustainability behaviors are highly sensitive to stakeholders’ pressures and demands which are ultimately conditioned by the cultural environment. Some interesting recommendations for companies’ strategic management and governmental policy-making processes are reported.     

反向物流及其网络构建

由于环境压力的增加,产品回收问题近来日益受到人们的关注。这就需要为产生的物品从使用者到生产者的反向流动构建适当的物流网络。对类似这种物流网络的设计进行研究,分析近年来不同行业产品回收网络构建,比较反向物流与传统物流结构的差别,总结反向物流网络的基本特征,使产品材料的可回收利用成为一个重要的市场因素。     

Stakeholder Perceptions of Offshoring and Outsourcing: The Role of Embedded Issues

We contribute to the study of offshoring and outsourcing by examining how stakeholders’ ethical evaluations of these decisions are influenced by both their roles and the issues embedded within the decisions. Although offshoring and outsourcing have been studied from a transactional perspective, the moral issues embedded within these decisions can profoundly affect how the organization is perceived by outside stakeholders. First, we contend that investors use different moral paradigms compared with consumer stakeholders, as a result the stakeholder role an individual occupies significantly influences their ethical evaluation of offshoring and outsourcing decisions. Next, we examine whether embedded issues of product quality and information security increase the moral intensity of offshoring and outsourcing decisions, thereby negatively influencing ethical evaluations. Using vignettes, we find that respon- dents viewed either offshoring or outsourcing less favorably than relocation. Surprisingly, respondents viewed offshoring with data security risks more negatively than offshore outsourcing with quality risks, suggesting that the issue of information security has a greater moral intensity than the issue of product or service quality for both consumer and investor stakeholders. Thus, we show that that embedded issues play a significant role in stakeholders’ ethical judgments of business decisions, such as offshoring and outsourcing.     

Stakeholder Relationships,Engagement, and Sustainability Reporting

The concept of sustainability was developed in response to stakeholder demands. One of the key mechanisms for engaging stakeholders is sustainability disclosure, often in the form of a report. Yet, how reporting is used to engage stakeholders is understudied. Using resource dependence and stakeholder theories, we investigate how companies within the same industry address different dependencies on stakeholders for economic, natural environment, and social resources and thus engage stakeholders accordingly. To achieve this objective, we conducted our research using qualitative research methods. Our findings suggest that the resource dependencies on different stakeholders lead to development of different stakeholder relationships and thus appropriate resources within the company to execute engagement strategies that are informing, responding, or involving. Our research explains why diversity exists in sustainability disclosure by studying how it is used to engage stakeholders. We find that five sustainability reporting characteristics are associated with the company’s stakeholder engagement strategy: directness of communication, clarity of stakeholder identity, deliberateness of collecting feedback, broadness of stakeholder inclusiveness, and utilization of stakeholder engagement for learning. Our study develops the literature by providing insight into companies’ choices of stakeholder engagement strategy thus explaining diversity in sustainability reporting based on the characteristics and relationships with specific stakeholders.