公路PPP项目风险分担研究——基于总风险上限的考量

为保证公路PPP项目成功实施,在考虑总风险分担比例上限的情况下,按照风险识别、风险初步分配、求出风险分担方案、评估参与方风险分担比例上限、修正风险分担方案的流程,构建了科学完备的风险分担机制。然后,以某市公路PPP项目为实例进行实证研究,验证了模型的实用性和合理性,为实践中公路PPP项目的风险分担方案设计提供了参考依据。     

美国外部失衡的消费风险分担考察

布雷顿森林体系崩溃之后,美国长期处于贸易逆差和国际资本净流入中心地位,即美国外部失衡模式。在分析国际消费风险分担机制及影响因素的基础上,探讨美国在全球经济失衡中的消费风险分担利益,并利用美国与失衡伙伴的数据进行实证分析。结果表明,美国的跨国消费风险分担程度与其外部失衡相一致:在20世纪80年代的发达国家内部失衡格局中,美国从日本、德国等其他OECD国家获得了消费风险分担的好处;起始于20世纪90年代的本轮全球经济失衡中,中国等亚太地区新兴市场和发展中国家成为美国消费风险的主要分担者。     

跨国风险分担下福利收益研究述评

经济的周期波动会对消费者收入水平造成某种程度的冲击,而金融市场一体化的演进,却使各国消费者的跨国风险分担成为可能,即通过增持扩张经济体资产或减持衰退经济体资产来规避风险获取收益。学者们对该风险分担所获福利收益的程度持有不同的观点。这主要是因对福利收益的度量方式以及有关参数和随机过程设定的不同而造成的。未来的研究可以考虑将两种分析框架加以整合,在多边框架体制下,通过对禀赋的随机过程进行内生化处理来分析。对跨国风险分担理论进行梳理,有助于人们深化对当前国际金融危机的认识和研究。     

敏捷虚拟企业的风险衡量

敏捷虚拟企业在运行中必然伴随着种种风险，而对这些风险进行有效衡量，是建立有效的风险防范体系和对风险进行合理分担的前提和基础。为使敏捷虚拟企业顺利运行，采用二级模糊综合评判法给出风险衡量程序，对虚拟企业进行风险衡量，且为以后的风险分担奠定了基础。     

风险投资行业风险分担中的道德风险问题分析

风险投资是一种新型的投资方式，是支持高新技术产业发展的助推器。但风险投资主体风险的合理分担研究一直是我国理论探索的薄弱环节。本文基于委托——代理理论，提出风险投资行业风险基金分担模式，并对这种模式进行了系统的分析。     

关于取消房地产预售制度问题的思考

预售房制度是目前国内房地产行业的最普遍的一种销售形式。住宅预售制度对房地产的发展起到过积极的作用，同时，它在风险分担的法律体系、信用体系和监管体系方面存在明显的缺陷，是一种倾斜性质的制度。这种单边风险分担机制使房地产各主体在利益分配和风险承担上存在明显的不均衡，随房地产行业的发展是否取消预售房制度成为各界所关注的话题。本文在分析预售制度风险的基础上提出逐步取消预售制度，实现现房销售为主的房地产销售制度。     

中国宏观部门的债务风险分担机制

2020年,世界经济遭受重大冲击,各国刺激政策加码,将推动杠杆率的上升,形成债务风险,而债务风险的积累可能会导致金融危机的产生。债务风险会在各个部门之间进行分担,因此研究各个部门之间的债务风险分担机制对债务风险传染和金融危机产生的影响具有现实和理论意义,本文探究了中国各部门之间的债务风险分担机制和各部门的杠杆率情况,银行部门承担了较多的债务风险,风险向银行部门聚集,会导致金融风险的积累,因此需要关注债务风险的产生和分担情况,针对性地采取措施来降低债务风险。     

基础设施PPP项目融资模式的风险分担探究

想要基础设施PPP项目的融资能够成功就需要合理的进行风险分担。合理的风险分担,能够有效地减少风险所带来的经济效益损失,最大程度上保证工程正常开展。政府部门在进行风险分担的时候,也起着十分巨大的作用。本文对基础设施PPP项目融资模式风险分担进行简要的分析,希望能够对相关的从业人员有所帮助。     

利益相关者视角下的BOT风险分担问题探讨

通过分析我国现阶段BOT项目风险分担存在的问题,引出从利益相关者视角研究BOT项目风险分担的必要性,进而分析其合理性和可行性,最后给出了几点改善BOT风险分担机制的建议。     

新农保财政补贴筹资责任分担机制均等化研究

新农保财政补贴由多级政府分担，因而，政府间财政补贴筹资责任分担合理与否将成为新农保稳步推进的关键。在考察中央和地方政府财政补贴筹资分担机制设计内容和类型的基础上，本文分析了中央和地方政府财政补贴筹资责任分担机制的横向均等化效应。研究发现，采用“一刀切”式的固定份额补助法存在一定的不公平性，致使农业人口比重高、财力相对较弱的基层政府不得不承受较重的筹资责任。因而，设计合理的财政补贴筹资责任分担机制，需要在公共服务横向均等化理念的指导下，探寻更为制度化和规范化的措施。     

Interpersonal versus interbank lending networks: The role of intermediation in risk-sharing

Analyzing the interpersonal lending network of a Hungarian village in a disadvantaged region, we find strong intermediary activity and a tiered core-periphery structure. We show that the main motive behind lending is not altruism or profit-seeking, but risk-sharing which is the most accentuated in poor-to-poor and Roma-to-Roma relations. Comparing this informal lending market to a formal interbank market, we find more similarities than differences. In both markets, intermediation is a key element in risk-sharing and an effective tool to cope with liquidity risk. Regulatory and development policies should respect the existing institutions of risk-sharing.     

中国农村非正规金融的根源与管制政策研究

中国农村非正规金融的根源在于人们的需求,它不仅对中国农村社会文化具有很强的嵌入性,而且与农村社会秩序具有很好的匹配性。因此农村非正规金融具有极强的自生能力和可持续性。结论的政策涵义是：压制、取缔非正规金融的行为不可取,强制性地将非正规金融正规化的行为同样不可取,正确的做法应是放松管制,引导正规金融与非正规金融的联接,促成农村一体化金融市场的形成。     

我国农村地区信贷配给问题及对策研究

我国农村金融存在着信贷配给现象,尤其以农户和中小企业贷款难最为突出,资金短缺已成为农村经济发展的"瓶颈"。信贷配给的存在既有农户和农村中小企业自身的原因,也与我国农村金融市场风险补偿机制的缺失有关。通过构建信贷配给模型,分析不完全信息条件下我国农村金融存在信贷配给的主要原因,提出了农村金融组织创新、完善农村金融机构的风险补偿分担机制、完善农村信用环境建设等对策建议。     

失地农民中特殊群体非正规就业问题实证研究——以成都市郊两镇为例

通过对成都市郊弥牟镇和大弯镇的特殊群体——大龄、文化程度低失地农民非正规就业选择问题的实证案例及其理论分析,揭示了非正规就业是大龄、文化程度低失地农民人力资本合理的再配置形式;城市政府现行相关政策导向和制度安排导致非正规就业制度成本上升,无助于这一群体生计的可持续性。城市政府应积极看待非正规就业的正面功能,以新的制度安排促进非正规就业市场的健康发展,从而为社会弱势群体创造实现可持续生计的公平机会。     

The Steel Industry Revitalization Plan

Rectify the market order and standardize the system of steel sales, establish producing and marketing risk-sharing mechanism -- Automotive and steel industry adjust revitalization planning...     

农户的金融需求及其解决途径——焦作市农户金融需求调查

通过对焦作市农户金融需求状况调查发现,农户对正规金融的融资意愿和承受能力偏低,满足其金融需求的方式主要是非正规金融。因此,地方政府和金融监管部门对非正规金融应积极引导,加强监管。而作为担当“支农主力军”角色的农村信用社应充分利用天时、地利、人和的优势,不断增加新的金融产品和金融服务,加强客户细分和市场营销工作,以满足农民多样化的金融需求。     

The nature of informal food bazaars: Empirical results for Urban Hanoi,Vietnam

This paper aims to study the interesting phenomenon of informal food markets in urban areas, which have been neglected in the past research. Based on an empirical study of consumer choice between informal and formal markets (markets built-up by street hawkers vs. government-planned markets), this paper provides a basis for understanding the nature of informal markets in the Vietnamese context. The results show that cheap price and convenience (proximity) are important in shaping the choice by consumers for informal markets for food, while close relationship with sellers or services provided by sellers are not. Shoppers with higher concern for freshness and safety of fresh food are more likely to shop at formal markets. Additionally, low-income shoppers are found significantly inclined toward informal markets, while higher-income shoppers tend to shop at formal markets. Therefore, these two types of market should be viewed as two marketplaces to serve two segments of consumer groups, rather than two markets competing for a share of the business.     

Ethical behaviours in organizations: Directed by the formal or informal systems?

Past research has focused on individual culpability with the assumption that individuals will further their own self interest over that of the organization, given an appropriate opportunity. In contrast, this research shifts the focus from individual motivation to the influence of the formal and informal control systems of organizations on ethical behaviours. An open-ended interview approach was used to collect data. It was found that pressures within the informal system were the dominant influence in the resolution of ethical issues. The dominance of the informal system, however, varies according to the economic position of the organization.Loren Falkenberg and Irene Herremans are Associate Professors in the Faculty of Management at the University of Calgary. Both have published in a wide variety of academic journals. Loren Falkenberg teaches courses in business ethics and management of human resources while Irene Herremans teaches in the accounting and tourism areas.     

Informal employment in service industries: estimations from nationally representative Labour Force Survey data of Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

As the largest post-Soviet transition economy with substantial labour immigration and a considerable informal-sector Russia serves as an interesting case to study informal employment in the service and non-service economic sectors. The study fills the gap of the lack of empirical papers grounded on the reliable massive individual data. This article discusses almost twenty years’ dynamics of informal employment rates within the service and non-service industries based on the nationally representative Labour Force Survey primary data, collected quarterly for 2010–2015 with a sample size of about 200 thousand respondents per quarter. The unexpected finding is that the rate of informal employment is higher in non-service economic activities. Informal workers in the service sector in Russia are typically male, not very young, without tertiary education, living in urban areas. The paper also provides a comparative regression analysis on the probability of being informally employed in the service and non-service sectors.     

金融危机的历史规律、当前特征与中国企业应对策略

本文对金融危机进行了历史分析,阐述了金融危机生成的历史规律,揭示此次国际金融危机在传导路径、资产定价和风险分担机制方面的突出特征。文章认为,为了对抗金融危机的冲击,中国企业应重视安全性,贯彻安全保值、审慎稳健的主导思维,并在战略管理、并购、投融资和业绩评价方面做出相应的调整。