大型企业电子采购的重要意义与完善对策研究

电子采购是企业依托电子信息采集而实现网络远程订单处理的一种电子采购方式。大型企业采用电子采购有利于实现企业整体的产品搜集与处理,从而有效提升企业产品的发展速度,最终提升企业的竞争力。文章对大型企业电子采购的重要意义进行了简要分析,在此基础上提出了大型企业电子采购的完善对策。     

浅谈电子采购在企业采购中的应用

电子信息采集是目前使用较为广泛的,通过这种采集方式,可以快速地实现信息的互通与共享。依照这种方式,企业通过电子采购方式,实现网络的远程订单处理,这是有利于企业整体产品搜集和处理的,可以有效的提升产品的发展速度,提升企业的竞争实力。通过网络采购的分析,明确实际企业电子采购平台的应用形式,论述构建完善的网上采购平台、网上招标系统设计开发的原则、采购流程的规范性。分析招标过程中可能产生的各种弊端和不足,明确实际电子采购的应用必要性和发展趋势,借鉴国际上优秀的电子采购信息应用方式和方法,对企业的招标采购方式进行判断,及时分析并解决电子采购发展的避雷,拓展企业应用电子采购的实际采购水平,这是有利于企业快速发展,与世界各个方面供应商一同规划拓展市场能力的重要方法。     

企业电子采购商务网站盈利模式及影响因素分析

随着科学技术的发展,互联网在我们生活中起着不可替代的作用,中国企业电子采购商务网站也应运而生.电子采购商务网站作为一个新型的互联网企业,发展尚未成熟,网站盈利模式有待完善.本文通过探索国内的电子采购商务网站运营现状,分析影响企业经济效益的主要因素,完善网站的盈利模式,促进经济效益和长远发展.     

电子招投标在企业物资采购中的应用

电子招投标主要指的是运用电子数据为载体通过采用电子化的手段来局部或是全部完成物资采购中的招投标工作。在企业物资采购、改建、新建项目中需要依法组织招标工作,充分利用电子招投标能够降低交易成本、节约资源和提高招投标效率,招标工作的合理化、规范化,也能够提高物资采购的质量,提高企业的经济效益。本文在分析电子招投标在企业物资采购中的重要意义的基础上,对如何做好电子招投标在企业物资采购中的应用进行分析阐述。     

建设电子采购交易咨询服务平台

在信息化的今天,电子采购交易业飞速发展;建设电子采购交易咨询服务平台,在降低软件企业的开发成本与风险、提高企业的开发效率与效益方面发挥着重要的作用;知识库、数据管理系统和人才团队的建设是电子采购交易咨询服务平台搭建的基础.     

电子采购成本节余指标的计算方法及其应用问题研究

本文对电子采购的目的作用、成本节余指标的评价目标内涵以及具体计算方法进行了系统的分析与研究.并以中国石油天然气股份有限公司年度业绩考核指标的实际测算工作为例,完成了电子采购成本节余业绩考核指标的计算方法及其应用等相关问题的初步研究.本文的研究结果对做好企业电子采购的业绩考核工作具有一定的理论指导意义和参考作用.     

电子采购成本节余指标的计算方法及其应用问题研究

本文对电子采购的目的作用、成本节余指标的评价目标内涵以及具体计算方法进行了系统的分析与研究.并以中国石油天然气股份有限公司年度业绩考核指标的实际测算工作为例,完成了电子采购成本节余业绩考核指标的计算方法及其应用等相关问题的初步研究.本文的研究结果对做好企业电子采购的业绩考核工作具有一定的理论指导意义和参考作用.     

电子采购的战略价值、模式选择及其实施策略分析

电子采购是适应时代发展的先进采购模式,是企业提高竞争力的重要手段。论文首先阐述了电子采购的战略价值,然后对电子采购模式及其选择进行了分析,最后对如何实施电子采购提出了一些策略措施。     

基于买方模式的电子采购系统研究与设计

电子采购可以实现对供应商的供应链管理,建立高效率、低成本的策略采购网络,已经成为中国企业认真思考的核心问题。对目前电子采购的模式进行分析,研究竞价、询比价和招投标这三种采购模式在电子采购系统中的具体表现,从而可以设计出基于买方模式的电子采购系统。     

宁夏中小型制造企业实施电子采购模式研究

本文以宁夏中小型制造企业为背景,通过对企业现状分析,看到了电子采购对企业战略价值影响,对企业实施电子采购的几种应用模式分析,总结出宁夏中小型制造企业电子采购一般应以第三方电子平台为主。对实施中的相关问题进行了进一步研究,探索性的给出实施中应注意的问题和相关策略。     

我国外贸企业网络采购模式及效益研究

当前,网络采购已经成为跨国企业采购的重要途径和方式,我国企业必须适应网络经济时代的变化。在分析主要网络采购模式和我国企业网络采购发展现状的基础上,提出了我国企业网络采购的优选模式。     

新西兰大学的MarketSite网上采购系统

最近,新西兰奥塔哥大学开发了一种全新的财务管理系统,MarketSite网上采购系统,并于2007年投入使用。该系统以其安全快捷的功能设计,经济透明的采购模式给笔者留下了深刻印象。这一系统的创新性的设计理念和高效的采购管理方式,相信对提高我国的财务管理水平,有很好的指导与借鉴意义。     

Factors affecting the breadth and depth of e-procurement use in small and medium enterprises

Organizations differ in the range of e-procurement functionalities they use (breadth of use) and in how much they rely on e-procurement (depth of use). Nonetheless, factors affecting the breadth and the depth of e-procurement use have never been studied in a single context. Therefore, it is unclear whether the differences between the effects discovered in past studies are due to the difference between the breadth and the depth of use, or to the difference between contexts. We test the effects of factors potentially affecting the breadth and the depth of e-procurement use in a single context, using data from 151 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector in New Zealand. The results indicate that the breadth and the depth of use of e-procurement in business organizations are influenced by different factors. Perceived relative advantage of using e-procurement, plus external pressure from suppliers and competitors to use e-procurement, result in the use of a broader range of e-procurement functionalities – in a greater breadth of e-procurement use. However, the extent of an organization’s reliance on e-procurement in organizational purchasing (i.e., depth of e-procurement use) is driven by compatibility of e-procurement with organizational values, practices, technology infrastructure, and strategy. Arguing that in order to benefit fully from e-procurement, an organization needs to integrate it deeply into its operations, we conclude that managers evaluating new e-procurement technologies should consider their compatibility with organizational norms and practices.     

Procurement auctions and negotiations: An empirical comparison

Real-world procurement transactions often involve multiple attributes and multiple vendors. Successful procurement involves vendor selection through appropriate market mechanisms. The advancement of information technologies has enabled different mechanisms to be applied to similar procurement situations. However, advantages and disadvantages of using such mechanisms remain unclear. The presented research compares two types of mechanisms: multi-attribute reverse auctions and multi-attribute multi-bilateral negotiations in e-procurement. Both laboratory and online experiments were carried out to examine their effects on the process, outcomes, and suppliers’ assessment. The results show that in procurement, reverse auctions were more efficient than negotiations in terms of the process. Auctions also led to greater gains for the buyers than negotiations, but the suppliers’ profit was lower in auctions. The buyer and the winning supplier jointly reached more efficient and balanced contracts in negotiations than in auctions. The results also show that the suppliers’ assessment was affected by their outcomes: the winning suppliers had a more positive assessment toward the process, outcomes, and the system. The findings are consistent in both the laboratory and the online settings. Finally, the implications of this study for practitioners and researchers are discussed.     

The Impact of Electronic Commerce on Procurement

Internet technology has been increasingly used to enhance the global competitiveness of various business applications through the widespread electronic commerce (EC) functions. Many Internet-based systems have been designed and developed for supply chain management (SCM) in various areas such as computer, garment, and publishing industries, which mainly center on communication infrastructure, coordination between production and distribution, and procurement functions with security mechanisms. However, EC is not a panacea. On many occasions, participants (including buyers, sellers, and enablers) face various risks and overhead during the deployment of a new technology. In this article, we present the impact of EC on procurement processes in supply chains, highlighting the issues of buyers, sellers, and the transaction processes involved. The procurement processes are classified into preprocurement (sourcing), procurement (quotation, negotiation, order placement, and transaction), and postprocurement (delivery). Moreover, a four-phase migration model of procurement onto the Internet is introduced to illustrate the technical, security, and financial requirements in the deployment process of EC. The migration model not only gives a development guideline of procurement functions, but also provides an evaluation framework of e-procurement. An industrial example is used to illustrate the corresponding evolution as a result of EC deployment. The paper concludes with a summary of EC impact and future research directions.     

E-commerce sellers' ratings: Is user feedback adequate?

The literature on the theory of public procurement points out two well-known informational problems arising out of information asymmetry: (i) adverse selection and (ii) moral hazard. To reduce these issues and foster credibility and trust in the procurement process while maintaining quality and efficiency in public procurement, e-procurement platforms have turned to reputation or rating systems. Therefore, the research and design of such rating systems are crucial. In this study, we discuss the theoretical underpinnings of procurement and employ the information-theoretic, regression analysis, artificial neural network and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches to estimate the weights of the variables entering the rating system. Using real data from Government e-Marketplace, a business-to-business public e-commerce portal, we empirically determine the weights of the rating variables derived from the transaction-level and user feedback data for sellers. The weights obtained from the PCA are the most applicable compared with the other three methods. We compare the old rating system with the newly proposed design using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. This results in a statistically significant difference between the two ratings. The canonical correlation and Wilks' trial reveal that the ratings derived from transaction-level data and user feedback are uncorrelated to a great extent. Hence, considering only transaction-level data or user feedback is unlikely to divulge sellers' intrinsic worth. E-commerce platforms can use this approach to quickly implement methods to obtain rating scores on a real-time basis for sellers on online platforms.     

Drivers of Adoption and Continued Use of E-Procurement Systems: Empirical Evidence from China

ABSTRACT

This article develops and empirically tests a research framework that models the role of technological, organizational, and environmental factors in organizational intention toward using e-procurement systems. The partial least square analysis of survey data from 211 firms in China demonstrates that technological factors including perceived efficiency benefits and perceived ease, organizational factors including business to business commerce expertise, information sharing culture, and top management support, and an environmental factor, business partner pressure, shape in different ways organizational intention to adopt and to continue with e-procurement. The findings of the study not only offer valuable insights for stimulating the diffusion of e-procurement systems but also provide important guidance to systems vendors in strategizing their marketing campaigns and focusing limited resources on relevant strategic components.     

浅析电子商务环境下的采购管理

进入知识经济时代,伴随着计算机、网络等现代信息技术飞速发展,电子商务成为21世纪全球最有影响的工商业管理趋势之一。企业的采购模式也从传统的不透明采购模式逐渐向着电子商务的采购模式不断发展。本文主要论述了电子采购的概念及优势,探讨了制定具体实施方案时应考虑的问题。     

Buyer-Carts for B2B EC: The b-Cart Approach

To support the purchasing process in the B2B EC platform, we analyzed various architectures of buyer-carts. The desired features in buyer-carts are collection, recording, trashing, tracking, identification, ordering, payment, purchasing decision support, and transmission of records to e-procurement systems. A buyer-cart can be categorized as s-cart, i-cart, and b-cart depending upon its residing sites: seller, intermediary, and buyer. To design the architectures of B2B e-marketplaces considering the role of buyer-carts, we analyzed the feasible combinations of marketplace operators, pricing mechanisms, and types of buyer-carts. Seventeen elementary types of B2B EC architectures turned out meaningful in this regard, thus their pros and cons are evaluated. Based on this framework, we designed a composite architecture MyCart, which allows the buyer to use b-cart along with s-cart and i-cart. By using the b-cart, a buyer can visit multiple sites collecting information in his or her own cart. This will allow the tight integration of b-cart with the e-procurement system. We demonstrate that the b-cart approach can be an effective framework of integrating the e-marketplaces with e-procurement systems and ERP systems. The b-cart can be very effectively applied to the desktop purchasing environment which uses external e-marketplaces.     

Multi-attribute Auction and Negotiation for e-Procurement of Logistics

The paper addresses the topic of e-procurement of logistics services and examines how the system that companies adopt to support this task affects the process performance. The system is evaluated in terms of substantive outcomes (e.g., logistics providers’ profits) and other performances related to perceptions and behavioral issues. Specifically, the considered system is characterized by the exchange mechanism that rules the transaction (multi-attribute auction vs. negotiation) and the level of problem complexity. The analysis, conducted via a laboratory experiment, shows that both the exchange mechanism and the problem complexity affect performance. Practical implications, which could help companies design effective e-procurement systems, are discussed.