EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS AND U.S. IMPORT MARKETS: LESSONS FROM THE 1980S

This article assesses the relevance of the hysteresis hypothesis for U.S. manufactured goods import markets in the 1980s. It extends previous work by developing a test of the hysteresis hypothesis which utilizes domestic industry output price and factor price data rather than import price data. By focusing on domestic firms' behavior, detailed industry-level analysis is possible, which allows for a more accurate testing of the hysteresis hypothesis than is possible in prior work utilizing more aggregated import data. In contrast to findings in the 1980s in support of the hysteresis hypothesis based on analyses of aggregated import price indices, this study finds very little support for the hysteresis hypothesis.     

The determinants and consequences of across-the-board trade restrictions in the U.S. economy

This paper examines the effect of macroeconomic fluctuations in the determination of across-the-board trade restrictions in the U.S. economy.

The empirical results reported show that generalized trade intervention is most immediately affected by wealth transfer abroad through the trade balance and not by a slowing in employment growth. Furthermore, trade restrictions are associated with a decline in the stock market and aggregate employment.     

多维视野中的美国337 调查及其应对策略研究

从法律规则视野出发,美国337调查保护知识产权的立法目的具有一定的合理性,在技术层面具有表面的合规性和可司法性,但从贸易政策视野出发对337条款发展历史,特别是337条款调查与历次危机中的美国政府经济政策间关系的宏观分析充分揭露了该条款贸易保护主义的本质。对337条款本质的多维认知有助于指导我国政府、主管机关和企业从不同层面采取综合措施有效应对337条款调查。     

园艺产品输美面临的“合规性”贸易壁垒分析

研究美国对我国输美园艺产品发起的调查案件,发现:当前我国输美园艺产品遭遇的"合规性"贸易壁垒主要集中在反倾销和技术性贸易壁垒方面,但随着贸易的发展,面临的反倾销和保障措施的压力也在加剧。为此,建议企业和政府在应对"合规性"贸易壁垒中应该有进一步作为。     

美国对外贸易的理念和货物贸易的基本格局

自由贸易是美国对外贸易的基本理念。贸易自由化是战后美国对外贸易政策的基本特征,原因在于贸易自由化每年给美国带来1万亿美元左右的收益。对美国货物贸易的基本格局可以从五个方面认识:美国是世界上进出口规模最大的国家;美国进口规模比出口规模对世界经济的影响更大;美国是世界上最大的贸易逆差国,享受了世界最多的物质财富;美国贸易条件的变动表明对外贸易格局有利于美国;美国进口规模扩大与产业结构升级的结合演变为美国结构性增长优势。     

环境规制经济效应及政策设计研究进展

环境破坏和环境恶化使环境问题成为全球面临的挑战,各国相继出台了环境保护政策,同时也掀起了关于环境规制经济效应和政策设计的相关研究。本文在对国内外学者关于环境规制经济效应及政策设计的文献进行梳理和归纳的基础上,对相关文献进行了评述并提出了未来研究的方向。     

Estimates and Determinants of Armington Elasticities for the U.S. Food Industry

This paper provides estimates of elasticities of substitution between domestic and imported goods for 40 4-digit S.I.C. food manufacturing industries and explains the inter-industry differences among these coefficients in terms of industry sectoral characteristics. The results show that there is a wide range of variation among such elasticities and that the intensity of each industrys percentage of output sold to final consumers, foreign direct investment, expenditures on advertising and the existence of import quotas affect the degree of substitutability between domestic and foreign goods in the face of a relative price change.     

中国对美出口与美国GDP增长的相关性分析

本文利用1994年到2002年中国对美出口的季度数据与同期美国GDP增长率来计算并分析其相关性,两者呈现较强的负相关性。主要原因有:美国经济衰退后,居民收入水平下降,从而转向中国产品的消费;中国入世效应的体现;中关两国这些年对产品结构进行重大调整后,使两国产品的互补性提高;我国在通关税收等方面采取了重大改革等。故我国要进一步调整产业结构和产品结构,吸引外国跨国公司到中国投资高新技术产业,扩大从美国的进口等。     

论美国国会与对外贸易法的制定与执行

在美国三权分立政体下,对外贸易法律的制定和执行是国会、总统交互作用的复杂过程。国会一方面通过授权总统扩大自由贸易;另一方面又建立完善的进口救济制度来平衡贸易保护主义的利益。国会还把相当的权力委托给国际贸易法院由其行使司法审查权,防止行政机关滥用授权。美国贸易政策的制订权往往是在行政部门和立法部门之间进行分配,法院通常奉行"司法克制"的态度,通常避免就国会和总统之间在对外政策领域的权力关系问题进行裁决。但其一旦决定介入,必然成为最终的决定性因素。     

An Investigation of Control and Performance in U.S.-Chinese Joint Ventures

ABSTRACT

This study took an integrated approach to managerial control in international joint ventures (IJVs). The various control mechanisms used in U.S.-Chinese joint ventures were examined. The linkage between control and performance was empirically tested using a sample of U.S.-Chinese joint ventures established in China during the period of 1979–1989. The findings support the hypothesis that effective managerial control exercised by the U.S. partner over the joint venture operation is positively related to its performance. U.S.-dominant joint ventures significantly outperformed Chinese-dominant joint ventures, but no significant performance differences were found between U.S.-dominant joint ventures and shared management joint ventures.     

The U.S. Market for Power Lawn and Garden Equipment

The U.S. Market for Power Lawn and Garden Equipment equipment is expected to grow at 3.1 percent per year from 2004 to 2009, unchanged from the rate that prevailed from 1999 to 2004. JEL Classification L6     

Exports and FDI motivations: Empirical evidence from U.S. foreign subsidiaries

Foreign direct investments (FDI) are supposed to bring into the host countries indirect benefits, usually referred as productivity spillover effects. However, an emerging literature analyses the effect with regard to the export performance of local firms finding inconclusive results. This literature is affected by two main shortcomings: firstly, the role played by FDI motivations is largely disregarded and, secondly, it is difficult to generalise results valid across countries. For these reasons, the aim of the paper is that of testing the effects of U.S. FDI on export intensity at the sectoral level in 16 OECD countries over the period 1990–2001 by bringing together international economics and international business perspective on FDI motivations. Through our data, we disentangle asset seeking and asset exploiting FDI motivations distinguishing also the channels through which the effect is going to occur. The findings show that asset exploiting motivations, and in particular market seeking FDI, are those that affect export intensity to a greater extent.     

美国贸易政策的变迁对中美经贸关系的影响

美国新贸易政策的基本宗旨是公平贸易和出口扩张.中关经贸摩擦的实质是美国要迫使中国进一步开放市场.中美两国存在巨大的互补性和互利性,良好的经贸关系符合两国的根本利益,所以中关经贸关系将在摩擦和冲突中发展.     

国际贸易中的非线性分析与预测方法研究评述

国际贸易是世界各国经济、政治、文化交流的重要纽带,是一个复杂时变的非线性系统。科学地分析与预测是作出正确的国际贸易决策的前提。对国际贸易非线性定量分析与预测方法的研究与应用现状进行评述,并讨论我国近年来的发展情况,以期为该方面的研究与应用者提供参考。     

The Benefits of Free Trade to U.S. Consumers

Much of the literature concerning trade liberalization focuses on estimating the effect of increased trade on aggregate economic indicators, such as the growth in GDP per capita. Although there is a general recognition that trade benefits consumers, there is little research that estimates the direct impact of increased trade on U.S. consumers. We take broad measures of the economic impact of trade liberalization from three authoritative studies and apply economic principles to estimate the impact of increased trade on the income of U.S. households. We find, for example, that U.S. households gained about $2,500 in 2002 from increased trade, or the equivalent of almost six percent of the median household income in that year. We believe these results should be given weight in the ongoing debate regarding the effect of globalization.JEL Classification F130,F140     

Gary Locke Led U.S.Business Executives to Promote Exports of U.S. Clean Energy Technologies in China and Indonesia

Forty-six U.S. business executives joined U.S. Commerce Secretary Gary Locke in China and Indonesia May 15-25 on the first cabinet-level trade mission of the Obama Administration.     

中美产业内贸易研究

本文对中美工业制成品产业内贸易的发展及特征进行了实证研究,发现中美双边贸易中工业制成品产业内贸易所占比重有所提高,其中,机械和运输设备产业内贸易所占比重最高;垂直产业内贸易是中美产业内贸易的主要形式;市场容量扩大、跨国公司价值链管理的需要以及一体化生产体系的构筑均有利于促进双边产业内贸易的发展,中国关税税率的大幅削减对产业内贸易发展的促进作用并不明显,规模经济和贸易障碍对其则尚存消极影响。     

美墨卡车跨境运输争端案及其启示

卡车跨境运输争端是美国与墨西哥在《北美自由贸易协定》下发生的涉及卡车跨境运输的服务贸易争端。该争端前后历时16年之久,全面展现了美国国内利益集团在对外贸易政策制定方面的影响力,更凸显了美国“实用主义”的国际法观及其对外贸易政策制定的国内政治博弈特点。而该争端的解决为世界各国如何在多边贸易体制中处理与贸易相关的社会问题提供了有益的借鉴。     

What Future for the WTO?

The past decade has been troubling for the World Trade Organization (WTO). After 12 hard years of negotiation, and multiple missed deadlines, stakes are high for breaking the many logjams that obstruct the Doha Development Round. This article assesses what can be salvaged from the Doha Round and the associated global payoffs, and it provides guidelines for maintaining the relevance of the WTO moving forward. There is good reason for measured optimism, but for optimism to be sustained, trade ministers must deliver something meaningful at the Bali WTO Ministerial in December 2013.     

论环境标志制度影响下的国际贸易与国际市场营销

环境标志制度为越来越多的国家接受和采用 ,对国际贸易和国际市场营销产生了重大影响。一般的研究将这两个紧密联系的经济活动分别加以讨论 ,难免有失偏颇。本文则将国际贸易与国际市场营销结合起来 ,研究环境标志制度对二者的共同影响。