国外农村劳动力转移对我国的启示

在20世纪60年代开始,世界上很多发达国家以及最新兴起的工业化国家和地区都逐渐实现了农业现代化的现象,这样的情况改善了社会中的农业经济发展问题。纵观世界各国中的农业现代化情况和发展的历程能够看出,想要解决国家的农村人口问题,主要就是通过工业化和城市化的方式转移农村人口,剩余的农村遗留人口成为农村中的三种人,一是农场主、二是农场主的雇佣人员、三是自耕农民。但是不同的国家对于农村劳动力的转移还有着不同的方式,下面本文针对国外农村人口转移的情况进行分析,通过发达国家、新兴工业化国家的农村人口转移经验,分析我国的转移情况,并且了解到国外农村人口转移对于我国的启示,以期能够促进我国城乡共同发展。     

西方农业劳动力转移就业的经济理论述评

西方经典的劳动力流动理论是研究中国农村剩余劳动力转移的理论基础,但由于中国农村剩余劳动力转移问题的特殊性,其对于我国实际适用性具有一定的局限性,需要结合我国的情况进行修整和扩展。本文旨在介绍西方劳动力流动的几种主要宏观经济理论,通过评析和对比,以进一步丰富和发展我国农业劳动力的迁移理论。     

我国农村劳动力转移的特点及存在问题分析

改革开放以来,数千万的农村转移劳动力为我国的工业化、城市化、现代化建设贡献了巨大的力量,积累了难以估量的财富。而对农村劳动力转移问题的研究也随着农村劳动力转移一系列社会问题的出现进入了新的阶段。我国是世界第一人口大国和农民大国,农村劳动力所需转移的规模和面临的压力是很大的。农村劳动力向外转移,受全国工业化、城市化进程和政策、体制的制约,所以其所呈现的特点和存在的问题也十分鲜明。     

河南城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移就业问题研究

改变现阶段河南农村转移人口就业的现状,探索有效的农村转移人口就业模式和路径,是切实解决农村转移人口就业难题,保障河南省城镇化进程顺利开展的一个重要研究课题。河南省作为全国人口第一大省,又是农业大省,农村劳动力待转数量巨大,培训任务艰巨。本文梳理了当前河南省农村劳动力转移培训的现状,通过调查和分析,针对河南省农村劳动力转移培训中存在具体问题,提出强化转移培训工作的相关对策和建议,以期为促进河南省农村劳动力转移工作的稳步推进提供参考。     

我国农村劳动力的转移问题探究

我国是农业大国,农村人口占全国总人口的比重较高,农村劳动力的转移问题仍旧是我国农村面临的重要课题。本文针对农村发展的现状与数据进行整理分析,得出:要提高农民的收入、缩短与城镇居民的收入差距还是要依靠农村劳动力的转移。     

农村人力资本投资与农村剩余劳动力转移

农村剩余劳动力转移问题是关系到农业乃至整个国民经济发展的重大战略问题。由于我国农村劳动力受教程度偏低,农村劳动力的低素质乃是制约其转移的瓶颈。加大农村人力资本投资,发展教育不仅能提高农村人口的整体素质,而且是加快农村剩余劳动力转移的最有效途径。     

论我国农村富余劳动力的转移

文章回顾了西方劳动力转移理论 ,并根据我国实际情况对农村富余劳动力转移进行了特征分析和利弊分析 ,在此基础上提出相关政策建议 ,即我国的农村富余劳动力转移应该以就地转移为主 ,辅之以向大中城市和小城镇转移。     

农村剩余劳动力转移过程中农村劳动力素质问题研究

传统的农村剩余劳动力转移理论对农村劳动力素质问题重视不够,提高农村劳动力素质是实现农村剩余劳动力转移的关键问题。我国农村剩余劳动力数量巨大,受教育程度较低,已严重制约我国农村剩余劳动力的转移。体制因素是形成这种局面的主要原因,各级政府要承担为农村提供公共产品的责任,优先保证农村劳动力素质的整体提高,促进农村的全面发展。     

农村富余劳动力有效转移的法律对策

实现农村富余劳动力有效转移既是解决我国"三农"问题的关键,又是我国经济发展的关键,它直接关系到我国现代化建设的成效。改革开放以来,我国在转移农村富余劳动力方面取得了非常大的成绩。文章阐述了我国农村富余劳动力转移面临的问题,提出了促进我国农村富余劳动力转移的法律对策。     

农村人力资本投资与农村剩余劳动力转移

农村剩余劳动力转移问题是关系到农业乃至整个国民经济发展的重大战略问题.由于我国农村劳动力受教育程度偏低,农村劳动力的低素质乃是制约其转移的瓶颈.加大农村人力资本投资,发展教育不仅能提高农村人口的整体素质,而且是加快农村剩余劳动力转移的最有效途径.     

纳米技术在聚烯烃中的研究进展

综述了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的优点、使用价值和近年来国内外聚烯烃纳米复合材料的研究进展，并介绍了无机粒子／聚烯烃复合材料和粘土／聚烯烃复合材料，重点阐述了粘土与聚乙烯、聚丙烯纳米复合材料的制备方法及粘土／聚烯烃纳米复合材料插层热力学分析，对目前聚烯烃纳米复合材料存在问题及发展前景进行了探讨。     

Healthy Investments in Investing in Health

This article discusses socially responsible investing (SRI) and tobacco. SRI allows investors, both institutional and individual, to express their concerns and make their social and ethical stands known to the companies they invest in and patronize. The tobacco industry is active in every country on the globe and generates huge profits, while tobacco use is responsible for 4 million deaths every year.The authors explore past and current views on investment in tobacco, partly based on a survey conducted by the Tobacco Free Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO). There is clearly a trend toward divestment from tobacco for both ethical and financial reasons. Tobacco-free investments can be both ethically sound and financially profitable.     

Developments in Consumer Protection in India

This paper surveys the major developments in the field of consumer protection in India since 1984, when the statutory provisions for regulating unfair trade practices were incorporated for the first time.Among the developments described in the paper is the strengthening of provisions for consumer protection through amendments to the Act regulating restrictive and monopolistic trade practices (the MTRP Act). Public-sector undertakings and co-operative societies have been brought within the purview of the Act, and consumers have obtained the right to participate in inquiry proceedings before the MRTP Commission.Consumers and their associations have been given the right to seek redress of grievances arising out of the violation of certain pieces of legislation, including the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in order to provide speedy and inexpensive redress of consumers' grievances. Redress can now be sought before any consumer court also for negligence or deficiency in medical services.The Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986, has strengthened the measures for the standardisation and quality control of manufactured goods.A Consumer Welfare Fund has been set up to provide financial assistance to voluntary consumer organisations and for the general development of consumer movement in the country. A spurt in voluntary consumer organisations in different parts of the country can also be observed.Other developments include the establishment of a separate Department of Consumer Affairs in the Union Government and the setting up of a Consumer Product Testing Laboratory.     

关于我国资产证券化若干问题的探讨

资产证券化是一项复杂的金融工具创新,引进和实施这种新型的融资工具需要大量的配套工作。我国实施资产证券化需要解决特设机构的设立、基础资产的选择、破产隔离、信用增级、会计处理、税收政策以及立法和监管等方面的问题。     

Economic Keywords in 2007 in China

RMB exchange rate The exchange rate of Renminbi,the Chinese currency, witnessed an appreciation of around six percent to one U.S. dollar this year. On December 13, the central parity rate stood at RMB 7.3568 against one dollar,according to the Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading System, breaking the 7.36 mark.     

Conflict in Supplier–Retailer Relationships in the Brewery Industry in Cameroon

The authors develop a theoretical framework to explain conflict in supplier–retailer relationships. In addition to traditional influence strategy variables, the framework links conflict to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. The framework is empirically tested in the Cameroonian brewery industry. The findings support the view that channel conflict is inversely related to retailer dependence and supplier formalization. Contrary to expectations, the use of noncoercive influence strategies (information exchange and recommendations) has no significant effect on conflict, while, as expected, the use of coercive influence strategies (threats and promises) increases conflict.     

粤北山区砖园仓储粮机械通风应用研究

在砖园仓机械通风应用试验中,正确运用理论计算,精确得出通风技术数据,依此设计通风系统,结果表明：在实仓运行中,检测的主要技术参数和设计值基本相符,经136h通风,粮温从38℃降至13℃,吨粮降温耗电0.011℃,降温好、电耗低,证明设计方法正确,符合南方稻谷产区,解决了基层普遍存在的砖园仓机械通风盲目设计问题,为规范设计作出了示范,验证了粮层压力正确计算方法。     

Recent advances in reinforcement learning in finance

The rapid changes in the finance industry due to the increasing amount of data have revolutionized the techniques on data processing and data analysis and brought new theoretical and computational challenges. In contrast to classical stochastic control theory and other analytical approaches for solving financial decision-making problems that heavily reply on model assumptions, new developments from reinforcement learning (RL) are able to make full use of the large amount of financial data with fewer model assumptions and to improve decisions in complex financial environments. This survey paper aims to review the recent developments and use of RL approaches in finance. We give an introduction to Markov decision processes, which is the setting for many of the commonly used RL approaches. Various algorithms are then introduced with a focus on value- and policy-based methods that do not require any model assumptions. Connections are made with neural networks to extend the framework to encompass deep RL algorithms. We then discuss in detail the application of these RL algorithms in a variety of decision-making problems in finance, including optimal execution, portfolio optimization, option pricing and hedging, market making, smart order routing, and robo-advising. Our survey concludes by pointing out a few possible future directions for research.