产品内分工与贸易下的汇率与国际收支关系研究——对马歇尔-勒纳条件适用性的分析与发展

人民币持续升值的同时中美贸易顺差却未下降,这对关于汇率变动与国际收支关系的传统马歇尔-勒纳条件理论提出了挑战。本文在文献综述的基础上,从产品内分工和贸易的视角进行研究。通过构建数理模型对汇率与国际收支的关系进行分析,并在一般均衡框架下设定了检验方程,利用中美相关数据分行业实证分析,指出,在产品内分工和贸易存在的情况下,马歇尔-勒纳条件的适用性发生了变化,两国间国际收支对汇率变化的敏感性下降;同时,由于不同行业的产品内分工和贸易发展程度不同,各行业的国际收支对汇率变动的敏感性下降程度也不一样,这对我国制定进出口贸易政策具有一定的指导意义。     

The impact of exchange rate regimes on economic growth: Empirical study of a set of developing countries during the period 1974–2006

An increment in the quantity of services/goods manufactured per-head of the population over time denotes economic growth of a country. Exchange Rate Intermediate Regimes are unable to continue under conditions of capital movement. To examine the relationship between exchange rate regimes and economic growth. This study has kept its focus on the economic growth of a set of developing countries during the years (1974–2006). Fixed effects and pooled regression for 16 developing countries have been incorporated as the methodologies techniques for data. Analysis of data was performed through SPSS. A relationship between exchange rate regimes and economic growth has been identified through statistical approaches. The results indicated that as compared to flexible exchange regime, growth rate was higher by 1.2% when fixed exchange regime was adopted; and a growth rate of 0.64% was achieved under the intermediate regime when compared with the flexible regime. A positive impact has been identified in exchange rate regimes upon economic growth of the developing countries. Countries following the flexible exchange rates are facing scarcity for the existence of advanced financial systems, which deprives them of enjoying the benefits of flexible regime.     

The impact of foreign interest rates on the economy: The role of the exchange rate regime

It is often argued that many economies are affected by conditions in foreign countries. This paper explores the connection between interest rates in major industrial countries and annual real output growth in other countries. The results show that high foreign interest rates have a contractionary effect on annual real GDP growth in the domestic economy, but that this effect is centered on countries with fixed exchange rates. The paper then examines the potential channels through which major-country interest rates affect other economies. The effect of foreign interest rates on domestic interest rates is the most likely channel when compared with other possibilities, such as a trade effect.     

Into the Mussa puzzle: monetary policy regimes and the real exchange rate in a small open economy

Industrial countries moving from fixed to floating exchange rate regimes experience dramatic rises in the variability of the real exchange rate. This evidence, forcefully documented by Mussa [Nominal exchange regimes and the behavior of real exchange rates: evidence and implications. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 25 (1986) 117], is a puzzle because it is hard to reconcile with the assumption of flexible prices. This paper lays out a dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy that combines nominal price rigidity with a systematic behavior of monetary policy able to approximate a continuum of exchange rate regimes. A version of the model with complete exchange rate pass-through is broadly consistent with Mussa’s findings. Most importantly, this holds independently of the underlying source of fluctuations in the economy, stressing the role of the nominal exchange rate regime per se in affecting the variability of the real exchange rate. However, only a model featuring incomplete exchange rate pass-through can account for a broader range of exchange rate statistics. Finally there exist ranges of values for either the degree of openness or the elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign goods for which the baseline model is also consistent with the empirical insensitivity of output volatility to the type of exchange rate regime, as documented by Baxter and Stockman [Journal of Monetary Economics 23 (1989) 377].     

人民币实际有效汇率对我国加工贸易影响的实证分析

人民币汇率制度形成机制改革以后,人民币汇率的长期升值趋势将进一步对我国以加工贸易为主的国际贸易产生影响。本文运用协整分析、格兰因果检验和建立回归模型等计量经济学方法对1981-2006年的人民币实际有效汇率与加工贸易进出口的关系进行研究。得出的结论是:人民币实际有效汇率下降会刺激加工贸易进口、出口的增长,对此文章给出合理的解释。     

贸易模式、汇率传递与人民币汇率安排

结合中国现行贸易模式的特点,文章从社会福利最大化目标入手,采用了新政治经济学中关于汇率制度战略选择的研究方法,对进一步扩大人民币汇率弹性和汇率升值的影响进行了分析.研究发现,加工贸易和一般贸易对汇率变动的反应弹性差异很大,不同国际贸易模式下的汇率传递系数是不同的.因此如果我国现行对外贸易依然以加工贸易为主,扩大汇率波动幅度在理论上并不会对我国社会福利产生严重影响.研究结果进一步支持加大汇率弹性更有利于丰富货币政策当局的工具选择范围,有助于国内货币政策独立性的保持,也有助于推进出口产业的结构调整和升级.是当前人民币汇率制度改革方向的合理选择.     

Primary commodity prices and the real exchange rate: the case of Australia 1900–91

How do real exchange rates of primary commodity exporters react to changes in the relative price of these exports? The relationship between these variables is examined using ninety-two years of Australian data. There is a significant positive correlation. However, the Australian real exchange rate does not display the downward trend that has been observed in the relative price of primary commodities. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the apparent long-run decline in the relative price of primary commodities is an artefact of inadequate quality adjustment in the price series for manufactures.     

我国国际资本流动影响因素的实证研究

本文对1982-2004年期间我国的国际资本流动状况及其影响因素进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:我国国际资本流动存在着数量上波动性和方向上双向性之特点,其主要影响因素是人民币汇率预期,其次是物价水平和名义汇率,而利率因素的影响并非显著。其政策含义是,在当前内外经济条件下,人民币升值并非可举之策;但在长远,资本流动的双向性决定了浮动汇率制度是我国汇率制度改革的必然选择。     

汇率改革对浙江省重点行业企业出口的影响研究

人民币汇率形成机制改革后,汇率已逐渐成为影响企业生产经营的重要参数。本文在调查汇改后浙江重点行业企业主要情况的基础上,分析了汇率风险对不同行业企业出口的影响及企业应对汇率风险的主要手段,解释了企业的生存能力,并提出了相关的对策建议。     

Corporate financial policies and the exchange rate regime: Evidence from Brazil

This paper analyzes the relationship between companies' financial policies and the exchange rate regime for a sample of non-financial Brazilian companies from 1996 to 2006. The adoption of a floating exchange rate regime is shown to improve the match between the currency composition of companies' assets and liabilities. The paper also shows that this reduction in companies' currency mismatches is more pronounced for companies in the highest quantile of foreign exposure; therefore the results confirm that the exchange rate regime plays an important role in the determination of companies' foreign vulnerability.     

A Synthesis of the Effects of Exchange Rate Volatility on International Trade: A Meta-Regression Analysis

ABSTRACT

This article surveys literature that investigates the effects of exchange rate volatility on international trade. We perform meta-regression analysis on 41 studies with 807 estimates. We show that the empirical works exhibit substantial publication selection and show a significant genuine exchange rate volatility effect on trade flows after correction of publication bias. In addition, the literature reveals a pronounced heterogeneity with respect to model specifications, samples, time horizons, and countries’ characteristics. These findings are supported by separate assessment of primary studies with, respectively, total exports and sectoral exports as the dependent variable.     

RMB exchange rate and trade balance

Gang Yi—Deputy Governor and Administrator, State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), People's Bank of China—returned to Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)—where he was awarded an honorary degree. Following are remarks and a lecture on the Chinese economy he presented on April 18, 2012.     

汇率风险如何影响中国对日本的出口

本文研究汇率风险对中国与日本的双边出口是否存在长期和短期的影响。使用多元JO-HANSEN协整检验法来检验汇率波动率与出口之间是否存在长期均衡关系。使用GRANGER非因果检验和脉冲响应函数检验短期影响是否存在。研究结果表明从长期看,汇率风险对出口没有影响,但是短期看,汇率风险确实会影响出口。