乳制品冷链物流的发展现状及对策研究

近年来，随着我国经济迅速发展和人民生活水品日益提高提高，我们对牛奶等乳汁品的需求也不断提升。而牛奶极易腐败变质的乳制品在运输过程中需要始终处于规定的低温环境下，以保证食品质量。本文首先介绍了我国乳制品产业的基本状况及乳制品物流，然后分析了目前乳制品冷链存在的各类比较普遍的问题，最后在广泛对深圳冷链调研的基础上，提出了扶持重点物流企业提高服务水平等措施!     

乳及乳制品加工的技术优化

将国外乳制品加工业的先进技术和设备与我国乳及乳制品加工的实际情况相结合,通过对乳及乳制品特性的认真分析和相关指标的精心比选,从而实现了工艺流程、工艺设备及工艺管道的优化。     

乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法探讨

社会经济的不断发展和科学技术日益更新,对食品安全提出了新的要求,对乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法也提出了严格要求。乳及乳制品中脂肪的含量要控制在合理范围内,否则就会使脂肪含量过高,继而给民众健康带来诸多负面影响。所以,乳及乳制品中脂肪的测定方法要不断更新、与时俱进,保障食品安全。坚持以人为本,使科学发展观的理念落到实处。基于此,本文将对乳及乳制品中的脂肪测定方法进行探讨,并提出科一些措施,以期为食品安全提供科学保证。     

乳及乳制品加工的技术优化

将国外乳制品工业的先进技术和设备与我国乳及乳制品加工的实际情况相结合，通过对乳及乳制品特性的认真分析和相关指标的精心比选，从而实现了工艺流程、工艺设备及工艺管道的优化。     

信息平台

澳大利亚制定有关乳制品的初级生产及加工标准评估草案日前,澳大利亚澳新食品标准局(FSANZ)宣布制定了第P296号草案的评估草案--乳制品的初级生产及加工标准。乳制品初级生产及加工的评估草案报告包括:乳及乳制品安全性的科学评估,乳及乳制品安全的可选管理方式,以及拟纳入澳新     

浅论乳及乳制品的品质检验

乳与乳制品是营养丰富、容易消化吸收的食品。其品种有消毒乳、酸牛乳、全脂无糖炼乳(淡炼乳)、全脂加糖炼乳(甜炼乳)、全脂乳粉、脱脂乳粉、奶油、稀奶油、硬质干酪等。在乳与乳制品的生产过程中,需要分离和鉴定与生产有关的细菌,也需要分离和鉴定病原菌以及与卫生学有关的细菌。本文从多个方面入手,论述了乳及乳制品的品质检验方法,并在最后对乳及乳制品检验后的食用原则进行了分析,以期为行业内的相关人员提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

乳制品质量安全违规行为监管体系研究

乳制品质量安全违规行为存在于乳制品供应链中的原料乳供应环节、乳制品加工环节和乳制品流通环节。其内在原因是为追求自身利益而丧失职业道德,外在原因在于市场失灵和监管失效。在乳制品供应链中,应着重考虑原料乳供应环节和乳制品加工环节的违规行为,乳制品质量安全违规行为监管体系可由政府及其监管部门、行业协会和乳制品加工企业共同组成。政府监管部门应按照全国统一领导、地方政府负责、部门指导协调、分段监管为主、品种监管为辅等原则进行监管;行业协会可以对乳制品质量安全违规者进行调查和惩处;政府作为外部力量应对行业协会进行行为约束;乳制品加工企业应对其原料乳供应者的行为实行监管,以约束上游原料乳供应者的违规行为。     

嗜冷菌产生的耐热性脂肪酶对液态奶品质的影响

嗜冷菌产生的耐热性脂肪酶是引起乳及乳制品质量缺陷的主要原因之一.大多数嗜冷菌产生的脂肪酶具有非常高的耐热性,即使经过巴氏处理后仍然能够存活.残留的脂肪酶能分解脂肪产生游离的脂肪酸,导致乳及乳制品的风味劣化.通过检测脂肪酶的活性可以达到预测、控制原料乳和乳制品的质量.     

引起鸡肉腐败的微生物及延缓腐败的措施

作为人们膳食主要来源之一的鸡肉,营养十分丰富。但丰富的营养成分易被微生物利用造成鸡肉腐败变质,使得货架期很短。本文综述了不同条件下引起鸡肉腐败变质的主要微生物及延缓腐败的措施。     

我国乳及乳制品在营销中的卫生安全问题及控制

本文分析了原料乳营销、奶站原料乳收购质量安全管理、乳及乳制品生产加工企业、分销、物流环节中的卫生安全问题及其危害,在分析研究的基础上提出了这些问题的控制措施,防止有害因素对人体健康产生危害,保障消费者的健康。     

Dynamic market impacts of generic dairy advertising

Generic advertising of fluid milk and cheese represents the principal promotional activity undertaken with the $370 million per year provided by dairy farmers and fluid milk processors. This article describes a stock-flow-feedback simulation model that includes 17 intermediate and final dairy products, short-term and long-term milk supply response and government policies that influence the impacts of generic advertising on net revenues for dairy farmers. Permanent increases in generic advertising expenditures increase net revenues for dairy farmers, with a cumulative net benefit to cost ratio of 2.8. Permanent decreases produce a larger reduction in net revenues and indicate a net benefit to cost ratio larger than 4.5. Spending a larger proportion of existing generic advertising funds on cheese rather than fluid milk would also markedly increased dairy farmer net revenues. Generic advertising increases net revenues for dairy farmers even when industry supply response and government regulation are accounted for.     

Pasture-Raised Milk: The Market for a Differentiated Product

Pasture-raised (PR) milk is a specialty product that could feasibly be produced by economically challenged dairy farms. Our goal was to profile the milk market using an internet survey to identify potential future consumers of PR milk. There were 611 U.S. respondents that were divided into three categories as types of milk consumers: those who only purchased conventional milk in the past year (CONV), those who only purchased non-conventional milk (such as organic, PR, or natural milk) in the past year (NONCONV), and those who purchased both conventional and non-conventional milk in the past year (MIXED). MIXED and NONCONV agreed or strongly agreed with PR milk benefits substantially more than CONV. PR milk was also valued by NONCONV and MIXED in purchasing intentions, but not nearly as much as organic milk. In addition, CONV valued PR milk in purchasing intentions more than organic milk. Results suggest that PR milk can be successfully positioned to appeal to MIXED and perhaps some CONV, potentially increasing sales or market share.     

Australian Exports of Dairy Products

Abstract

Exports of dairy products are becoming increasingly important in terms of export earnings for Australia. The industry is the fourth highest foreign exchange earner compared to all Australia's food exports. However, Australian exports of dairy products account for about 67 per cent of the total Australian production of dairy products, and about 13 per cent of total world exports of dairy products. About 68 per cent of Australian dairy products exports are sold on Asian markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenging issues and opportunities for Australian exports of dairy products on world markets and to identify potential and emerging export markets for Australian dairy products. Australia is highly restricted on its access to world dairy product markets by the impact of export subsidies and other trade barriers of overseas markets. The current economic and political crises in Asia are also not favourable to maintain export sales on some of the Asian markets. The export support scheme in Australia has made exporting attractive relative to domestic sales. But it is anticipated that the termination of the scheme after June 2000, will reduce production and exports by 6 and 20 per cent, respectively in the short run. However, in the long run, resources will be efficiently used without government intervention and Australian dairy products will also be competitive on the domestic market. There is scope for greater market opportunities in the emerging markets in Asia and other parts of the world for Australian dairy products. Australia will also benefit from the agreement on international trade that directs exporting countries to reduce export subsidy and remove nontariff trade barriers on exports of dairy products. Australia should implement appropriate measures to inaease the milk yield per cow, to improve the quality of dairy products and to identify the need for market promotion and research in order to increase the volume of dairy product exports on world markets, especially in Asia and other potential markets such as Middle East, Africa, Europe and the Americas.     

Supply Chain Management in a Private Farming Vis-à-Vis Cooperative Processing and Distribution Environment of Dairy Sector in India

Organized segment of dairy sector was hitherto dominated by the cooperative sector that established a structured and three-tiered organizational hierarchy, procured milk from small-scale farms, processed and distributed milk and milk products. With the liberalization of India's economy and market entry by the private sector, new dynamics have emerged. These include increased supplies of a greater variety of value-added products and increased inter-firm competition with companies and supporting their sales development with integrated marketing initiatives. This fostered greater attention to branding, product positioning and product differentiation with intense price discounting for some products. In response to these challenges, the State cooperatives have started to integrate their operations in areas such as procurement of supplies, logistics, manufacturing, distribution and inventory management. However, these face a major constraint regarding the sufficient availability of milk supplies over space and time while due to political interferences, excess staff adds to the administrative costs therby inefficiencies in its operations and losses results.     

分光光度法测定乳粉中胆碱含量的不确定度评定

根据《婴幼儿食品和乳品中胆碱的测定》测定乳粉中胆碱的含量,建立分光光度法测定乳制品中胆碱的不确定度数学模型,通过分析其测定的过程,确定影响结果的不确定度的主要分量来源,进行逐一分析并计算,评定出测量结果的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。通过探讨这类测定方法的不确定度计算方法和步骤,建立一种简单、适用的测量不确定度的评估方法。     

Food chains and the retailing revolution: supermarkets,dairy processors and consumers in Spain (1960 to the present)

On the basis of an analysis of the retailing of dairy products in Spain from 1960 onwards, it is argued that the rise of supermarkets was conditioned by developments taking place in the food system, and not just by macro-scale socioeconomic change. Upstream, supermarket expansion depended on dairy processors’ capacity to push raw milk out of the consumer market. Downstream, the expansion was favoured by the transition towards a demand pattern that featured little aggregate dynamism and much product diversification. This case suggests that a food chain perspective might contribute to the historical study of the retail sector, especially by making the study of conditional causality more systematic.     

基于SWOT分析的黑龙江省乳业发展策略

通过SWOT模型分析黑龙江省乳业发展的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁,结果表明:黑龙江省乳业在奶源、成本价格、产业基础方面具有优势,乳品消费需求的增长、宏观政策的扶持为黑龙江省乳业的发展提供了机遇,但是由于饲养方式落后、产品同质化严重等问题,黑龙江省乳业尚未显示出强大的竞争力。黑龙江省乳业应根据实际情况,进军细分市场,塑造品牌形象,大力推进标准化、规模化养殖,建立生态牧场示范园区,加强人才培养,促进黑龙江省乳业健康发展。     

Sustainability and dietary change: the implications of Swedish food consumption patterns 1960–2006

This article focuses on the changing food consumption pattern in Sweden between 1960 and 2006, and the implications of those changes for sustainability. National statistical data on the consumption of different food groups such as meat, milk, dairy products, eggs, fruit, vegetables, cereal, potatoes and sugar were compared. Overall, an increase in the consumption of meat, cheese, cream, fruit and vegetables was observed, while the consumption of milk, butter and potatoes decreased. For the sustainability assessment, three parameters were chosen: land requirement, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use. It was shown that the Swedish diet in 2006 required more resources and produced more GHG emissions than in 1960, mainly due to the increase in the consumption of animal products.     

Food Values Applied to Livestock Products

Food values have been proposed in previous research as a method of identifying stable constructs of consumer preference. We conducted an online survey of 1950 US respondents using best–worst scaling applying the concept of food values to four specific meat and dairy products: ground beef, beef steak, chicken breast, and milk. We test the applicability of general food values to specific products, while further discovering the nature of heterogeneity of values by defining classes of respondents. Our findings suggest that the general food values previously proposed apply well to specific products of the livestock industry. We also found that the differences between consumer classes were driven primarily by price sensitivity, with many of the most important and least important values remaining the same.