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1.
随着国际贸易的深入开展,不同的环境标准有利于保护生态,但过高的“环境门槛”也阻碍了贸易的进行。本文探讨环境标准对我圈圆际贸易的影响,以及我国该怎样应对这一非关税壁垒从而保证贸易的平稳发展,经济的持续增长。 相似文献
2.
近十几年来,全球贸易量取得了惊人的跨越式增长,而自由贸易与环境的关系问题也日趋尖锐。一方面,许多发达国家利用不对等的贸易和投资手段从发展中国家攫取大量战略性资源,却造成这些国家境内生态环境的严重失调;另一方面,一味地追求贸易扩张、资金积累和工业化又实际加剧了全球环境的恶化。环境效应对贸易的挤压性制约日益上升为国际贸易发展的焦点。在此背景下,引入环境变量,促进贸易策略的可持续性便成为实现我国对外贸易科学发展的必然之路。 相似文献
3.
政府行为与产业国际竞争力:一个分析框架 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文尝试建立一个分析政府行为影响产业国际竞争力的框架。分析产业国际竞争力问题的起点是成本与差异化两个范畴,而比较产业国际竞争力的两类指标是显示性指标和决定性指标,确定政府影响产业国际竞争力的领域则是存在市场失灵的地方,区分政府行为影响产业国际竞争力的两类途径是贸易政策与产业环境,在这些范畴基础上建立的分析框架,能够显现政府如何通过一种影响机制,实现产业国际竞争力的提高。 相似文献
4.
Mauricio Mesquita Moreira;Marcelo Dolabella; 《The World Economy》2024,47(2):779-805
The dire prospects of global warming have been increasing the pressure on policymakers to use trade policy as a mitigation tool, challenging trade economists' canonical ‘targeting principle’. Even though the justifications for this stance remain as valid as ever, it no longer seems feasible in a world that is already engaging actively in using trade policy for climate purposes. However, the search for second-best solutions remains warranted. In this paper, we focus on the climate benefits of tariff reform for a broad sample of Latin American and Caribbean countries, drawing on Shapiro's (2021, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 136, 831) insights about the environmental bias of trade policy. Using a partial equilibrium approach and GTAP-MRIO data for 2014, we show that even though there is evidence of a negative bias towards ‘dirty goods’ in half of the countries studied, translating this into actionable tariff reforms is plagued by interpretation and implementation difficulties, as well as by jurisdictional and efficiency trade-offs. There are also questions about their efficacy in curbing greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
5.
David Riker 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(4):325-335
U.S. industries have reduced their releases of toxic chemicals in recent years. These publicly reported environmental improvements can increase the demand for U.S. products abroad by increasing the perceived quality of these products in countries that are concerned about the environmental impacts of manufacturing. This article examines this possibility. It presents an analysis of the changes in the environmental performance and exports of 19 U.S. industries to 128 countries between 2002 and 2010. 相似文献
6.
左安磊 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2012,(5):60-69
国际金融危机的爆发将国际贸易推向了贸易保护主义的泥沼,世界主要经济体普遍采取大量不合理的贸易限制与贸易救济措施。中国作为世界第一大出口国、第二大进口国,首当其冲,遭受了众多国家贸易保护主义倾向的反倾销、反补贴等措施,成为首要目标国和最大受害者。贸易摩擦数量居高不下、强度增大;涉及到传统制造业和新兴产业领域;除"双反"措施之外的技术性、绿色壁垒开始增多;摩擦议题也升级到经济体制层面;同新兴发展中国家的摩擦日益增多。后金融危机时代,贸易摩擦已经成为困扰中国对外贸易的一大顽疾。面对这种现状及发展趋势,中国在平常心面对的同时,需要反求诸己、深化改革,礼尚往来、法律抗衡,坐而论道,妥善解决。 相似文献
7.
两次金融危机下我国能源国际贸易的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当1998年亚洲金融危机已经逐渐脱离人们关注之时,时隔10年,2007年美国次贷危机爆发,以迅雷不及掩耳之势蔓延到全球。2008年,此次金融危机在世界范围内愈演愈烈,波及数个领域。能源产业也未能逃过此劫。我国是一个能源消费大国,随着我国经济的快速发展,对石油、煤和天然气的需求也逐渐增加,同时能源的对外依存度也不断提高。当前金融危机对能源企业,尤其是石油行业的影响巨大,对其产量、价格和进出口贸易等都产生了深刻影响。石油作为国家的一种非常重要的战略储备,关系国计民生。因此,当前经济背景下,我国石油产业如何在危中寻找机,积极开展新一轮的能源国际贸易,对于推进石油产业和整个能源产业的发展具有重要意义。本文通过将当前经济形势对我国能源的国际贸易带来的影响与10年前亚洲金融危机的背景进行对比,揭示本轮金融危机下我国能源国际贸易面临的挑战与机遇。 相似文献
8.
Robert M. McNab Robert E. Moore 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(2):237-256
This paper empirically investigates the impact of trade policy on export expansion and on GDP growth in developing countries while controlling for the human capital stock and the initial level of development. By using a simultaneous system estimation we unite the approach found in the export expansion and growth literature with the approach found in papers that estimate the effect of trade policy on growth, while also making several improvements in the estimation of the underlying relationships. The results obtained from our estimation are more credible because of these improvements and therefore have stronger policy implications. We find that outward-oriented trade policies substantially and significantly impact growth in developing countries not only by directly enhancing exports but also through a feedback (or multiplier) effect. 相似文献
9.
Ryuichi Tanaka 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(4):447-473
Abstract This paper studies the effects of trade liberalization on growth and long-run global income inequality using a two-country model of human capital accumulation by credit-constrained households. I show that the timing of trade liberalization is a crucial determinant of its effects on growth. Moreover, I show that the size of the long-run income gap between the two countries depends on the difference in domestic income inequality when they open up to trade. Based on these results, I analyze the effects of redistributive policy within a country. I show that redistribution in one country may increase income per capita of its trading partner if it is undertaken in a steady state, while the opposite is true if the policy is undertaken during transition. 相似文献
10.
中国和新加坡产业内贸易的实证研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
结合产业内贸易理论的发展,根据《商品名称和编码协调制度》将中国和新加坡双边贸易的4332类商品划分为173个产业,对中新两国的产业内贸易水平和结构做出实证分析:中国和新加坡的产业内贸易指数较高,且保持着产业内垂直贸易的特征;影响中新两国产业内贸易的因素主要是外商直接投资:发展中新两国产业内贸易对促进两国以及亚洲区域经济合作具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
我国国际贸易的环境经济学分析 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
通过对我国国际贸易与生态环境的理论分析与实证分析,得出结论:国际贸易对中国生态环境的负的规模效应大大超过了正的结构效应和技术效应,因此,总效应为负:为了协调经济发展和环境保护的关系,必须实施一系列以实现可持续发展为目标的“绿色”政策措施,在享受国际贸易带来的收益的同时消除其对生态环境的不利影响。 相似文献
12.
2017年以来,中国的经济实力越来越强,在国际舞台上的地位越来越重要。然而,美国希望自己在国际经济和贸易中的领导地位能够保持不败之地。因此,两国经贸往来不可避免地会有摩擦。随着中美贸易战的升级,美国的一些贸易政策将直接影响国际经济秩序。期望中国在这场中美贸易战中的对策是维护中国对外贸易关系长期稳定发展、解决世界饥饿问题和促进粮食安全的一条途径。通过分析,粮食援助的重要性日益增加,美国对粮食援助的批评集中在国内农业利益的优先性与紧急人道主义需求的低效率上。 相似文献
13.
景瑞琴 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2011,18(4):34-42
国际健康服务贸易的兴起给发展中国家带来了贸易获利的机会,但也会对其国民健康体系造成冲击并加剧本已存在的健康服务不平等问题。按照GATS对国际服务贸易的定义,国际健康服务贸易相应也有四种模式,不同的模式发生的动因有所不同,其对发展中国家带来的经济影响也有差异。发展中国家如何促进其健康服务贸易发展并缓解健康服务不平等问题,要考虑健康服务贸易的政策壁垒,从公共政策和贸易政策方面进行调整。 相似文献
14.
东北地区的振兴离不开与周边东北亚各国的经贸合作。本文主要对东北地区的对外贸易状况做计量分析 ,采用曲线估计法拟合了进出口贸易总值与GDP的关系曲线 ,进而提出了东北地区加快发展对外贸易的对策建议。 相似文献
15.
张建斌 《湖北商业高等专科学校学报》2014,(1):70-76
环境破坏和环境恶化使环境问题成为全球面临的挑战,各国相继出台了环境保护政策,同时也掀起了关于环境规制经济效应和政策设计的相关研究。本文在对国内外学者关于环境规制经济效应及政策设计的文献进行梳理和归纳的基础上,对相关文献进行了评述并提出了未来研究的方向。 相似文献
16.
Serge Shikher 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(6):807-837
The article introduces the industry dimension into the Eaton-Kortum model of trade. Industries are linked with each other by domestic and international trade in intermediate goods. The model is parametrized using data for eight industries in 1989. It is used to perform several counterfactual simulations that are relevant to today's policy debates. First, the model is used to study the effects of the US–EU trade wars. It is found that trade wars have a greater negative effect on countries with large initial net export positions. It is also found that some trade war scenarios are more beneficial to the US while others to the EU. Second, the model is used to study the effects of trade barrier reductions between the high-income and middle-income countries. The results show that this trade liberalization tends to reinforce the pattern of trade according to technological comparative advantages. The results also show which industries should be targeted for barrier reductions depending on policy goals. The third set of simulations investigates spillovers from the technological growth in the US machinery industry. The results show how geography, technology, and industry links affect the propagation of this growth across countries and industries. 相似文献
17.
俄、白、哈关税同盟是欧亚经济共同体框架内区域经济一体化重要的阶段性成果,本文重点分析了该关税同盟的贸易效应:2011-2012年,同盟成员国之间的贸易增幅远高于成员国与其主要贸易伙伴的贸易增速,除了哈萨克斯坦之外,俄罗斯、白俄罗斯与同盟成员国的贸易在其外贸总额的占比均有所上升,说明关税同盟促进了三国贸易往来。虽然关税同盟的运行导致了中国对哈国出口成本增加,但由于俄、哈两国与中国属于互补型贸易关系,中国与各成员国的双边贸易仍呈现快速增长状况,俄罗斯加入WTO将促进中俄双边经贸合作规范化和稳健化发展。 相似文献
18.
This paper examines the impact of economic growth and trade openness on environment in 261 Chinese cities over the period of 2004–2013, using recently developed continuously updated fully modified method which allows for both cross-sectional dependence and endogeneity. Two types of pollutants, industrial waste water and sulphur dioxide are investigated, and three measures of openness are employed in the regression. From the results, we find that the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis holds not only for the whole China, but also in different regions. It is estimated that wastewater pollution increases with economic development until per capita GDP reaching the turning point of 42,991–48,828 yuan (in constant 2002 price), which varies depending on the specific measure of trade openness. The turning point for sulphur dioxide is found to occur at a much lower income level around 9,588–10,663 yuan per capita GDP. Furthermore, export is mostly found to be positively related with pollution and the impact of import is likely to be negative for both the whole China and across regions, if the significance is identified in the estimation results. 相似文献
19.
关于贸易自由化对中国环境影响的分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
贸易自由化成为当前全球经济发展中的一大趋势,关于贸易与环境之间的争论因此变得越来越激烈。基于国际竞争力的可持续性这一视角,本文首先对贸易自由化可能产生的环境影响进行理论上的分析,指出环境规制是其中的一个关键因素,然后,选取中国制造业作为研究对象,论证在中国所制定和实施的环境政策下,贸易自由化对中国环境造成的实际影响,最后提出了相关的政策建议。 相似文献
20.
进入后危机时代,世界经济中仍存在诸多不确定、不稳定因素。各国为刺激经济增长和保护就业,贸易保护主义再次风行,且呈现出新特点,致使全球经济进入贸易摩擦高发期。应充分发挥政府主导地位,维护我国企业利益;提高出口产品质量,促进产品升级换代;企业应协同作战,积极应诉;推进经济一体化,构建和谐的经贸关系,以积极应对国际贸易保护主义。 相似文献