短线交易与归入权制度的研究

短线交易是公司内幕交易的一种形式。本文主要从短线交易的主体、主客观要件及形成短线交易的常见手段、短线交易的危害、等方面介绍了短线交易，它的存在危害到了其公司投资者的利益。上市公司内部人员从事短线交易，所得收益应当归公司所有，法律赋予公司短线交易收益归入权的目的是防止公司内部人利用其易于接触内幕信息的优势地位进行内幕交易，最终目的是维护证券市场投资者信心，保证证券市场的公平与公正。     

基于股权结构的“内部人控制”问题研究

"内部人控制"问题产生的原因,并非所有权与经营权的分离,而是因为股权稀释后产生大量的中小股东,且中小股东的权利未得到充分保障所致。本文阐释了两类"内部人控制"问题,分析了股权结构影响"内部人控制"问题产生的机理,认为股权结构越分散越容易出现代理型的"内部人控制"问题,股权结构越集中越容易出现大股东对中小股东的侵害。     

短线交易归入权制度研究

在内幕交易成为市场发展障碍的背景下,短线交易制度作为规范内幕交易的重要预防措施被各国广泛采纳。该制度能够抑制内部人短线频繁买卖证券的动机,从而间接阻止内幕交易的发生,如何完善该制度将是今后考虑的重点。     

短线交易归入权制度研究

在内幕交易成为市场发展障碍的背景下,短线交易制度作为规范内幕交易的重要预防措施被各国广泛采纳。该制度能够抑制内部人短线频繁买卖证券的动机,从而间接阻止内幕交易的发生,如何完善该制度将是今后考虑的重点。     

股东知情权制度创新的若干思考

借鉴发达国家经验,提出应当从账簿查阅权、财务会计报告查阅权和询问权等方面实施股东知情权的内容范围创新,从股东知情权实质性审查、对股东知情权行使司法救济和检查人选任制度方面完善股东知情权制度设计,以规避内部人控制,保护股东权利。     

短线交易与内幕交易竞合时公司归入权与投资者损害赔偿请求权冲突的解决

当内部人的内幕交易同时又构成短线交易时,同时存在着公司归入权和投资者损害赔偿请求权两种权利,权利行使时针对同一标的的两种诉讼即发生冲突。因为投资者损害赔偿请求权,在实践中行使时实际上无法实现其理论上的功用,因此应该完全否认投资者的损害赔偿请求权,而仅由公司行使归入权进行救济。     

上市公司财务监管制度之重构研究

股东缺位是国家控股的上市公司出现内部人控制的根本原因。缺乏股东有效监督的上市公司管理层可能运用各种财务舞弊手段损害股东利益。通过制度的调整 ,如强化股东的财务监督权 ,变革独立审计收费方式等 ,使股市具备快速发现和清除虚假财务信息的功能。     

证券短线交易法律规制研究

短线交易是证券市场中一种不正当的市场交易行为。本为运用比较法的研究方法,论述了短线交易制度适用主体,短线交易民事责任的构成要件以及短线交易归入利益的计算。     

论我国股东派生诉讼制度的现实意义及完善

股东诉讼制度是一种已经在国外发展较为成熟的、用以规范公司法律关系的有效制度。对于公司治理有不可估量的作用。作为监督公司经营、实现股东权利的司法救济方式,股东诉讼可以制衡"资本多数决"的滥用,制衡"内部人控制",化解公司僵局。本文通过对股东诉讼制度的分析和探讨对股东派生诉讼的完善提出一些建议。     

从公司治理谈我国上市公司对外担保

在我国大股东或“内部人”控制上市公司的制度背景下,上市公司代理问题严重,公司治理结构存在缺陷,不能起到监督大股东及管理者、保护中小股东利益的目的,对外担保容易成为大股东或“内部人”侵占上市公司利益的手段,导致公司财务状况恶化。     

When Kamay Met Hill: Organisational Ethics in Practice

The Kamay and Hill insider trading conviction in Australia highlights many of the issues and problems involved in the prevention, detection and prosecution of insider trading. The case uniquely highlights how ethical behaviour is instilled at home, in school and in society, and the need for ethical responsibility at the personal and organisational level to complement legal rules and enforcement. We use the Kamay and Hill case to explore the reasons behind the failure of the traditional top-down approach to insider trading prevention, where institutional ethical codes of conduct largely reflect and rely upon national rules, norms, and regulation. We propose a bottom-up approach to ensure that individual and organisational behaviour is ethical, where emphasis is not on compliance but on a set of core ethical values that allow individual and corporate expression. It is our strong belief that compliance cannot replace ethics.     

Legal rights,national culture and social networks: Exploring the uneven adoption of United Nations Global Compact

We develop and test a novel framework for explaining cross-country differences in corporate participation in a prominent initiative often associated with social responsibility, United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). Drawing upon neo-institutional and cross-country comparative literatures, we explore the impact of (a) stakeholder legal rights; (b) national culture, and (c) the country's social network position, as reflected by international trade patterns. Results suggest that firms from countries with strong labor rights, collectivist cultures, and long traditions of stock trading join UNGC at higher rates. Our framework can be modified for future cross-country research on the adoption of practices.     

试论虚拟网上证券交易场所的法律监管

虚拟网上证券交易场所作为一种智能化的交易系统,允许投资者直接进入交易系统交易,一方面为我国大量未能上市的各类证券提供了流通场所,另一方面也对传统的法律监管构成了挑战。对之无论是按证券公司监管还是按证券交易所监管,都存在一定的困惑。就我国实际来看,从保护投资者利益出发应以证券交易所监管较好,为此我国现行法律需要作出相应的调整。     

企业社会责任的法律思考

企业社会责任最初以道德责任的形式出现,后来,一部分企业社会责任逐渐发展为法律责任和软法责任,并同道德责任并存.由于法律责任能够依靠国家强制力保障实现,因而法律责任化后的企业社会责任的实现便变得非常确定.当然,企业社会责任的法律责任化也会受到诸多因素的限制,在条件允许的情况下应尽可能扩大法律责任化的范围.企业社会责任的发生原因、主要机制和发展趋势等问题在理论上值得探讨.     

贸易与投资视角下的中国企业社会责任研究

中国是世界上的贸易大国,随着对外开放,中国在积极引进外资的同时,也开始尝试进行海外投资,因此对中国企业社会责任的研究显得非常必要。本文通过分析社会责任实施与否对贸易和投资的全面影响,以及中国社会责任缺失的现状与原因,得出中国企业要想寻求长远发展必须实施社会责任,最后对如何构建社会责任提出几点建议。     

基于消费者预期的在线零售企业社会责任行为研究--量表开发与验证

通过文献回顾、访谈、预试和大样本调查,从消费者预期视角对我国在线零售企业社会责任行为的维度结构和测量量表进行实证研究。其中,运用筛选条目和预测试等程序初步确定在线零售企业社会责任行为的测量量表,并经由探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析发现,消费者预期的在线零售企业社会责任行为包括经济责任、消费者责任、员工责任、法律责任、公益慈善责任五个维度,其测量量表具有良好信度和效度。结果还显示,消费者最看重在线零售企业承担消费者责任,其次才是法律责任、员工责任、公益慈善责任,相对不看重经济责任。另外,不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、网购频率的消费者所预期的在线零售企业社会责任行为存在差异。     

Shareholder authorized inside trading: A legal and moral analysis

This article evaluates inside trading from a legal and a moral perspective. From both of these points of view, the practice of inside trading is fraudulent whether it occurs in the traditional format or in the variation known as misappropriation. Fraud is a legal tort and a moral wrong consisting of a breach of duty that intentionally causes harm to persons that the insider can reasonably foresee. In defense against allegations of fraudulent inside trading, the defendant may argue that one or more elements of fraud are not evident, or, if the elements are clear, that the fraud was a justified means of avoiding some worse evil or of achieving some greater good. The article concludes that inside trading, under circumstances approved by shareholders, is neither fraudulent nor unfair. Bill Shaw is a Professor of Business Law at the University of Texas at Austin.     

Entrepreneurship and Illegality: Insights from the Nigerian cross-border Trade

Illegal business activity is common throughout the world, occurs in a diversity of forms, and is often viewed as the darker side of entrepreneurship. Of particular interest is illegal cross-border trade, which occurs at low levels between developed countries, but is often widespread between developing countries. It is on the increase, despite many attempts by governments to eradicate it. Yet illegal trading is poorly studied both theoretically and empirically from an entrepreneurial perspective. The paper outlines a working model exploring the relationships between key entrepreneurial factors and illegal trading, and explores the model using fieldwork data collected by the first author in Nigeria during an 8-month ethnographic study of cross-border trading. The Nigerian cross-border trade is particularly interesting, as it takes place in an environment of long-standing illegality and corruption. The findings reveal that illegal practices are so widespread that they are a norm, an almost parallel economy with its own traditions and values. In this context, entrepreneurial advantage in trading illegally is quite different from that which would be expected in more familiar Western contexts. The entrepreneurial advantages of trading in illegal goods and evading duties appear overwhelming at first, as bribery of officials is widely accepted, which reduces risk of law enforcement to negligible levels, and most traders do not view illegal trading as immoral. Closer analysis reveals, however, that traders need to bribe to trade any goods, legal as well as illegal. Bribery is part of a system of harassment by officials that pervades all aspects of the trade. In this climate, there are no special advantages in targeting illegal goods to trade in. The distinction between what is legal and illegal becomes blurred and irrelevant. Traders target any goods irrespective of their legal status if potential profit margins are high. Entrepreneurial advantage thus lies in the trade itself and making it work, not in its illegality. Most entrepreneurial energy is devoted to creatively circumvent the harassment of corrupt officials, not to exploit illegal business opportunities. The paper concludes by demonstrating that certain factors are crucial to our understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurship and illegal trading, in both Western and Nigerian contexts, but that the relationships between the factors differ widely in the two contexts. The model constructed provides a basis for further comparative research in other regional contexts. In terms of policy implications, the illegality of the trade is of some benefit in that it has created hundreds of associated jobs and businesses, which enable traders to operate more securely and efficiently in the climate of corruption, harassment, and uncertainty. Most traders, however, have learnt to profitably live with illegality, but nonetheless, would still prefer to trade in a less stressful and impartial legal system. Illegality on balance is more harmful than beneficial for economic development. Removing illegality once institutionalised, however, is not a simple matter and no solution can be found without fuller understanding of the sociology and the entrepreneurial processes of illegal trading.     

社会保障财政责任的界定

科学地界定社会保障财政责任是设计社会保障财政制度的理论基础。社会保障财政责任的界定:从性质上有帮助责任、有限责任、基础责任、最后责任、转移支出责任和法定责任;从内容上有财源责任和管理责任;从配置上有纵向配置责任、横向配置责任和财政类型配置责任。     

西藏自治区边境贸易掏法律保障分析

我国西藏自治区开展边境贸易具有得天独厚的地理环境优势、政策和法律上的优势,而法律保障是边境贸易成功极其重要的一环,因此,西藏自治区应充分运用法律赋予民族自治地方开辟对外贸易口岸、开展边境贸易和享受国家优惠政策等贸易自治权,切实健全规范边境贸易和保护交易者合法权益的法律环境,以保障西藏自治区边境经济贸易协调、健康、有序地发展.