分析财务杠杆在企业经营中的利益和风险

本文通过对财务杠杆的研究,叙述了自己对财务杠杆理论的认识,阐明了财务杠杆、财务杠杆利益,并分别从如何把握好财务杠杆的度,适时调整资本结构比例;减少企业负债融资的负面影响及规避财务风险等两个重要方面进行分析.旨在提高我们对财务杠杆的认识和把握水平,从而促进企业对财务杠杆的合理利用,有效控制负债规模,降低综合资本成本,提高企业价值.     

财务杠杆在企业财务管理中的应用研究

企业在发展过程中,仅仅依靠自有资本进行运营会丧失一定的发展机会。而通过债务性融资充实企业资本,能够有效发挥财务杠杆效应,为企业实现收益最大化,但不可避免地会增加相应的财务风险。为了应对财务风险的同时,更好地享有财务杠杆带来的正效应,就需要分析财务杠杆与资本结构及财务风险的关系,合理优化企业资本结构、增强财务杠杆弹性、建立健全财务风险预警系统。     

浅谈财务杠杆的利益与风险

本文通过对财务杠杆的研究,叙述了自己对财务杠杆理论的认识,阐明了,财务杠杆、财务杠杆利益和财务杠杆风险的关系及其影响因素,并分别从如何把握财务杠杆的度.适时调整资本结构比例;减少企业负债融资的负面影响及规避财务风险等两个重要方面进行分析.旨在提高我们时财务杠杆的钛识和把握水平,从而促进企业对财务杠杆的合理利用,有效控制负债规模,降低综合资本成本,提高企业价值.     

论财务杠杆对企业效益的影响

一、财务杠杆含义财务杠杆指在筹资中适当举债,调整资本结构给企业带来额外收益。如果负债经营使得企业每股利润上升,称为正财务杠杆;如果使得企业每股利润下降,称为负财务杠杆。二、财务杠杆效应的分析财务杠杆效应指由于财务杠杆的使用而对企业产生的影响或     

发挥财务杠杆作用、优化企业资本结构

财务杠杆与资本结构之间有着十分密切的关系,本文在理论上对财务杠杆与资本结构进行了分析,探讨了财务杠杆的作用与风险,对财务杠杆的相关效应进行了实证分析,在此基础上对优化企业资本结构进行了独立思考,提出了利用财务杠杆实现资本结构优化的对策和建议。     

试论负债经营财务风险的控制

负债经营财务风险,是指企业使用债务资本而产生的在未来收益不确定情况下由权益资本承担的风险。主要表现为:降低权益资本收益率风险;削弱企业再融资能力风险;致使企业无力偿付到期债务风险。负债经营风险的控制。首先,要根据借贷资本利率相对确定和企业总资本收益率不确定性特点以及财务杠杆的乘数效应,合理规划并适时调整企业资本结构,规避风险。其次,企业应在追求财务杠杆效应和保持未来融资能力之间寻求最佳结合,也即当前的融资决策应以不损害未来的企业融资能力为前提。最后,就是围绕到期债务资金的偿付强化现金流管理。一旦风险显现,企业只能举新债递延风险用时间来消弭风险,或变现资产直接化解风险,或引进新权益资本投资者转移风险。     

大唐国际负债融资效应的研究分析

本文选取了大唐国际作为研究对象,首先对资本结构和负债融资效应的相关文献做了简要总结,在此基础上结合企业近五年来上市公司财务报表进行计算总结,探索其负债融资的财务杠杆、税盾和公司冶理效应.研究发现大唐国际上市以来积极进行债务融资活动,负债融资的财务杠杆效应和税盾效应都得到了有效发挥,而负债的公司治理效应却存在明显缺陷.最后,根据负债融资效应的分析结论,给出相应的政策性建议.     

小微企业供应链金融预付账款融资模式研究

随着我国总体经济水平的不断提高和经济体制的不断完善,小微企业在我国的市场经济中的地位也越来越大。然而,由于各种外界因素以及小微企业自身条件的限制,小微企业融资困难已经成为阻碍其持续发展的瓶颈。本文主要分析小微企业融资困难的成因,并从供应链金融的角度出发,对比分析了供应链金融中预付账款模式和传统供应链模式下银行、供应商和经销商的收益,研究结果表明供应链金融预付账款模式能够为缓解小微企业融资困难的现实状况提供有效解决途径。     

浅谈财务杠杆在企业中的实际应用

财务杠杆是企业财务管理的重要手段,合理利用财务杠杆有利于优化企业资本结构,实现对资本的有效利用,增加企业利润。影响财务杠杆效应的因素有销售增长率、企业资本结构、企业特征和公司治理状况等内部因素,也包括宏观经济政策、行业特征、产品市场情况、贷款人等外部因素。同时,企业在实际运用财务杠杆时要合理分析企业状况,防止由于过度使用财务杠杆对企业经营带来不利影响。     

浅析煤机企业预付账款管理与风险防控措施

在企业生产经营活动中,预付账款是基于合同约定或商业信用形成,是与供应商保持稳定关系的重要基础,也是企业财务管理的重要内容,加强预付账款监管与风险防控对企业的运营与发展具有重要意义。笔者是山西天地煤机装备有限公司预付账款主要清理人,结合自身的预付账款清理实际经验,就当前煤机企业预付账款存在的问题,进行了系统性的梳理与分析,并提出了风险预防措施。此文着重论述了该公司预付账款余额大,长期不清理,业务较复杂的情况,通过账龄分析法与文本信息等线索,以及搜寻预付账款经办人,落实合同签订人,限期清理与硬性处罚措施相结合的方式,从2011—2014年,预付账款由原先600余家,清理到200家。通过此次清理工作,摸索出一套预付账款管理办法与风险处置防控措施。     

Causes and Effects of Financing Constraints at the Firm Level

This paper focuses on the empirical assessment of determinants and effects of financing constraints at the firm level. Using a standard model of credit rationing based on asymmetric information firm age and size are found to be factors which should influence the probability of financing constraints. Improving business conditions strengthen the degree of informational asymmetry. A unique panel of firm data for Germany, including direct information on financing constraints, is used for the econometric analysis. Firms' size and improving business conditions are found to have a significant effect. Furthermore, a significant impact on investment and R&D expenditures cannot be rejected.     

An Empirical Investigation of Trade Credit Demand

This paper investigates the motivations for a firm's demand for trade credit. Demand for credit is modelled as a function of transaction costs motivations, financing motivations, operational considerations, seller compliance issues and supplier marketing, whilst controlling for the firm's business environment and for firm characteristics such as size and industry. This paper builds on previous studies by considering a wider range of factors that can affect trade credit demand holistically on a single sample. It appears that the use of trade credit is widespread, and that it is generally perceived as an important short term financing option, although the availability of trade credit is not a major influence on supplier choice. The level of a firm's trade credit demand is found to be significantly influenced by transaction costs, financing, operational issues, marketing activities by suppliers, the firm's investment in trade debtors and firm size.     

辽宁上市公司融资能力与价值提升

随着资本市场的发展,辽宁上市公司在数量及融资规模上却呈现弱势。这是由于辽宁上市公司资产管理效率低,持续盈利能力和成长性不足;公司治理水平与效率低,缺乏价值创造的内生动力;投资者关系管理表面化,保护投资者利益的积极性和主动性不够。要提高辽宁上市公司融资能力和公司价值,就应改善公司持续盈利能力,提高资产管理效率;完善公司治理结构,提高公司治理水平和效率;加强投资者关系管理,注重投资者利益保护。     

Incremental impact of venture capital financing

This paper investigates the differences in the return generating process of venture capital (VC)-backed firms and their peers that operate without VC financing. Using a unique hand-picked database of 990 VC-backed Belgian firms and a complete population of Belgian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we focus on the extent to which the presence of a VC investor affects the sensitivity of a firm’s returns to the changes in the capital structure, in the operating cycle, and in the industry dynamics. The differences may stem from the (self-) selection of better companies into VC portfolios, from the venture capitalists’ (VCs) value-adding activities, and/or from both. We examine these factors in the context of a complex simulation procedure which allows separating selection from value-adding when traditional approaches are difficult to implement. Our results indicate that VC-backed firms are able to extract more rent from the changing industry conditions and from the optimizations in their capital structure. The presence of VCs in the firm’s equity seems to have only a marginal effect on the operating cycle efficiency. Overall, the results are suggestive of the value-adding being the main driver of the VC-backed firm’s performance.     

Do Suppliers Applaud Corporate Social Performance?

The influence of corporate social performance (CSP) on stakeholders is one of the focal issues in corporate social responsibility (CSR) research. Using data of listed companies in China, this paper examines whether CSR behavior in the form of charitable donations garners a positive reaction from suppliers. Results derived from both level and change model regressions show that superior CSP makes it easier for a firm to obtain trade credit from suppliers, although the effect is significant only in non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). The results are robust to various measures of CSP and endogeneity tests. The results support the strategic philanthropy view and apply stakeholder theory in supply chain, that strategic CSR can help firms to attract suppliers and consolidate cooperative relationships with them, which in turn benefits the firms in terms of more trade credit financing from suppliers. This paper also shows that state-owned enterprises and non-SOEs have different CSR intentions and use CSR to achieve strategic goals in different ways. The conclusions drawn from this study provide practical guidance on CSR strategy, suggesting that CSR activities can help a firm in transition economies to enhance its corporate image, establish and consolidate the good relationship with suppliers, and obtain economic benefits or achieve long-term business objectives.     

Understanding the sovereign credit ratings of emerging markets

This paper identifies the macroeconomic factors behind the sovereign credit ratings of global emerging markets assigned by Standard and Poor's (S&P). The financial integration and globalization of capital markets have facilitated the capital inflows/outflows among countries. Sovereign credit ratings have served as a signal for countries' economic, financial and political situations. Ratings are very important in the sense that they attract capital inflow and investments. This is especially vital for emerging markets. Although the rating agencies do not explicitly reveal their methodologies, it is possible to guess the effects of several variables on ratings by using various econometric models. Concerning the heavy criticisms on rating agencies' performances, we wish to examine the sovereign credit ratings within a specific country-category. In this essay, we study the effects of macroeconomic factors on the sovereign ratings of emerging markets. Using several approaches, we find that the most relevant factors are Budget Balance/GDP, GDP per capita, Governance Indicators and Reserves/GDP. Moreover, our model predicts up to 93% of all credit rating levels. Interestingly, we obtain that S&P's evaluation of the sovereign credit rating for Turkey performs poorly, especially in the highest rating levels.     

Cost of Capital Under Local Constraint on Debt Financing:

A unique constraint on financing of direct foreign investment by MNCs IS a total or partial prohibition on debt financ- ing in many Islamic countries. This paper analyzes the implications of such a conslraint for an MNC's financing and investment deci- sions. The comparative investment levels under alternative financing instruments based on profit and loss sharing (PLS) contracts are examined considering the effects of market imperfections and secu- rity related differences with reference to the existing literature on capital structure. The analysis shows that when debt financing is constrained the cost of capital to a firm will be higher and the invest- ment levels lower.     

Access to Financing in a Small Island Economy: Evidence From Mauritius

This relationship between access to financing and firm characteristics was studied. The authors used data from a survey of small and medium-sized enterprises from Mauritius, an island economy that is part of the sub-Saharan African continent. They examined the factors that affect the ability of firms to gain access to financing. Using the principal component analysis, the authors group variables affecting access to financing in four main components including working capital constraint, the external constraint, the size constraint, and the age constraint. The authors show that these components are important factors that influence the ability of firms to gain access to financing.     

Capital structure decision making: A model for family business

Most theoretical and empirical studies of capital structure focus on public corporations. Only a limited number of studies on capital structure have been conducted on small-to-medium size enterprises (SMEs), and this deficiency is particularly evident in investigations into factors that influence funding decisions of family business owners.Theory indicates that there is a complex array of factors that influence SME owner-managers' financing decisions. Recent family business literature suggests that these processes are influenced by firm owners' attitudes toward the utility of debt as a form of funding as moderated by external environmental conditions (e.g., financial and market considerations).A number of other factors have been shown to influence financing decisions including culture; entrepreneurial characteristics; entrepreneurs' prior experiences in capital structure; business goals; business life-cycle issues; preferred ownership structures; views regarding control, debt–equity ratios, and short- vs. long-term debt; age and size of the firm; sources of funding for growth; attitudes toward debt financing; issues relating to independence and control; and perceived risk and attitudes toward personal risk.Although these factors have been identified, until now there does not appear to have been any attempts to develop empirically-based models that show relationships between these factors and family business owners' financing decisions. Utilizing theories derived from divergent disciplines, this study develops an empirically tested structural equation model of financing antecedents of family businesses. Participants of our study involved a random sample of 5000 business owners who were mailed a 250-item Australian Family and Private Business questionnaire developed specifically for this investigation.Notably, our findings reveal that firm size, family control, business planning, and business objectives are significantly associated with debt. Small family businesses and owners who do not have formal planning processes in place tend to rely on family loans as a source of finance. However, family businesses in the service industry (e.g., retailers and wholesalers) are less likely to use family loans as are those owners who are planning to achieve growth through new products or process development. Use of capital and retained profits is likely for family businesses planning to achieve growth through an increase in sales but less is likely for family businesses in the manufacturing sector and lifestyle firms. In addition, debt and family loans are negatively related to capital and retained profits. Equity is a consideration for owners of large businesses, young firms, and owners who plan to achieve growth through increasing profit margins. However, equity is less likely to be a consideration for older family business owners and owners who have a preference for retaining family control.Our findings suggest that the interplay between multiple social, family, and financial factors is complex. In addition, our findings indicate the importance of utilizing theories that also help to explain behavioral factors (e.g., owners' needs to be in control) that affect financial structure decision-making processes. Practitioners and researchers should consider the dynamic interplay among business characteristics (e.g., size or industry), behavioral aspects of business financing (e.g., business objectives), and financial factors (e.g., gearing levels) when working with and researching family enterprises.     

客户粘性的经济后果研究：基于供应商授信视角

供应商授信是企业融资的重要方式之一，本文以2013-2018年A股上市公司为研究样本，深入考察客户稳定性对企业供应商授信的影响及其作用机制，研究结果表明：(1)企业的客户稳定性越强，获得供应商授信的额度越多。该结论在采用工具变量法、倾向得分匹配法和替代变量等一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立。(2) 作用路径识别发现，企业经营业绩、信息环境和审计意见对客户稳定性与供应商授信的关系具有部分中介效应，其中企业经营业绩传递了约12%的客户-供应商的授信效应；信息环境传递了约5%的客户-供应商的授信效应；审计意见传递了约91%的客户-供应商的授信效应。(3)异质性检验发现，当企业所在地信任度较低、法制环境较差时，客户稳定性对企业供应商的授信额度影响更为明显。