Strategic implications of the open-market paradigm under digital convergence: the case of small business C2C

This article presents the open-market paradigm in the context of digital convergence and proposes strategic directions for open-market participants. Although not a new phenomenon, open market has become the most popular e-business model, linking millions of buyer and seller individuals (Customer to Customer: C2C). This article examines the drivers of digital convergence that enable the open-market paradigm and conducts industry and Blue Ocean analyses for open-market business. Finally, a real-world application—the Cyworld market of Korea—is presented as an illustrative example.     

谋“变”中关村

<正>电子产品的崛起使得电子卖场像百货超市一样遍布每个城市的繁华地带,甚至被认为是继金融、房地产,汽车之外的第四片超级蓝海。但近几年,越来越多的知名企业进入电子卖场的投资,几万平方米的规模屡见不鲜,而随着电子卖场越来越多,业内的竞争进一步加剧,欺客等诚信危机显现。同     

开发我国农村汽车市场的对策

开发我国农村汽车市场具有重要意义,在分析开发农村汽车市场前提条件的基础上,探讨了开发农村汽车市场的对策：政府发挥宏观职能作用,营造适宜的外部环境;企业应多方努力,从重视市场调研、开发农村市场用车、加大营销力度、完善服务体系等方面开拓农村汽车市场。     

Modernisation of EC competition law, economy and horizontal cooperation between undertakings

Conclusion  From both the Commission's explanatory comments to the proposal for the new “Regulation 17” and the new approach towards horizontal co-operation agreements as witnessed in the Guidelines and the two group exemption regulations, it seems abundantly clear that the Commission holds the view that the time is not yet ripe for an overall safe harbour approach for horizontal co-operation agreements. That being the case, there would have been no objection—if only for an intermediate step and until the moment that the horizontal market would be ripe for an overall safe harbour approach—to the introduction of a notification system for such horizontal agreements similar to the one applicable for vertical restraints by virtue of Regulation 1216/1999.⁴⁷ This would have considerably alleviated the Commission's workload as far as reducing the number of and dealing with notifications is concerned. If this system had been combined with the sharing of the exemption powers by the Commission with the NCAs—which would have been a truly appropriate and proportional signal regarding the application of the principle of subsidiarity—this would have left the complicated economic assessment under article 81(3) where it belongs, i.e. with the administrative authorities that would be best placed (and trained) to perform this task. The national courts could then continue to concentrate on their tasks as defined by the ECJ in Delimitis, with the result that these institutions would also be doing exactly that for which they are best placed and trained, i.e. the application of the legal norms provided for in article 81(1) and (2) and article 82. The proposals of the Commission are deemed to be premature—at least in the view of this author—in the light of the forthcoming enlargement of the EU, the enforcement puzzles as described above, the monitoring of the cohesion of Community competition law and all the problems of training that come with it. The Commission's workload is likely to increase as a result of all this, and not just for an intermediate period of time but expectedly forever.     

Auto Parts Market Potential Coming into Surface

Looking at the increasingly fierce competition in the world auto market. global automobile manufacturing industry, taking Europe, the U.S. and Japan as representatives, is gradually forming a new type of relationship, mutual cooperation between whole vehicle and parts manufacturers. We can clearly see that auto parts manufacturers have become independent from the whole vehicle manufacturing companies, which means that the former structure of auto industry has greatly changed, and a new relationship,     

Which Socio-economic Model for Europe?

Disappointing growth rates and high unemployment in Europe have given rise to a debate on whether the European socio-economic model—or which of its variations—has a future in the face of increasing international competition. The following two articles discuss the current challenges facing Europe in this field and the options for meeting these challenges.      

Technological tying and the intensity of price competition: An empirical analysis of the video game industry

Using data from the 128-bit video game industry I evaluate the impact technologically tying has on the intensity of console price competition and the incentives for hardware firms to tie their produced software to their hardware. Tying occurs when a console hardware manufacturer produces software that is incompatible with rival hardware. There are two important trade-offs an integrated firm faces when implementing a technological tie. The first is an effect that increases console market power and forces hardware prices higher. The second, an effect due to the integration of the firm, drives prices lower. A counterfactual exercise determines technological tying of hardware and software increases console price competition; console makers subsidize consumer hardware purchases in order to increase video games sales, in particular their tied games, where the greatest proportion of industry profits are made. I also determine technological tying to be a dominant strategy for hardware manufacturers when software development costs are low.     

车用橡胶制品的使用及发展

汽车工业是国民经济的支柱产业，汽车工业的发展可以带动国民经济许多部门的发展。根据车用橡胶制品的发展趋势，较详细介绍了汽车的橡胶轮胎、汽车V带和同步带、减震橡胶制品、车用胶管、胶黏剂、密封胶和门窗密封条等汽车橡胶制品的种类、产品特点和市场动态，并指出了各种汽车橡胶制品的市场空间和发展前景。     

Market Orientation in Public Service—A Comparison Between Buyers and Providers

Public services have been subjected to processes of deregulation, competition, and privatization in many countries worldwide. One popular reform has involved focusing on competitive procurement. This context, where public and private organizations jointly deliver the service in a dyad, makes the market orientation of public services highly complex. The main elements of market orientation – intelligence generation, intelligence dissemination and responsiveness– have shown themselves to be valid and of significance in both the private and public sectors. Nevertheless, the empirical context of the public sector involves a complexity that has been poorly addressed in market orientation research. In this study, we research the Swedish public transport industry and survey buyer and provider organizations in order to determine how market-orientated activities are approached in public-private service dyads. We present three theoretically-underpinned relationship types - buyer dominated, provider dominated and collaborative - which we suggest as having implications for market-oriented activities. A survey of public transport authorities’ (buyers, n = 48) and operators’ (providers, n = 49) market orientation activities reveals the concurrent prevalence of characteristics from all three relationship types, as both parties try to dominate the relationship while also engaging in collaborative efforts. Drawing on our theoretical framework and our empirical results, we conclude that there are legitimate differences in the perspectives of buyers and providers, and that these differences, if acknowledged and properly managed, can provide valuable resources in the development of a joint market orientation in complex public-private settings.     

Consumer-Driven Healthcare: Information,Incentives, Enrollment,and Implications for National Health Expenditures

We highlight the importance of information for consumerdriven healthcare (CDHC), describe barriers, display data on adoption rates and product features, and use a new health modeling approach to investigate the potential impact on national healthcare expenditures. We conclude with an assessment of the prospects for CDHC as a revolution of information, competition, and market orientation; and we discuss potential pitfalls, including concern regarding vulnerable populations. While the jury is out on the ultimate effects, enrollment in CDHC programs— while still small—is growing rapidly; utilization and costs for subscribers appear to be moderating; and creative benefit structures emphasize health promotion alongside previously unseen cost consciousness. JEL Classification I11     

Hopes in the Crisis ——Chinese Automobile Market in the World Automanufacturing Industry Shuffle

The economic crisis spread rapidly around the world, making automobile industry one of the victims who are shocked hardest, leading to an industrial shuffle in global automobile industry. USA, EU and Japan, the traditional top three leading countries in global auto- mobile industry, could not have their lucks to escape from the crisis. The weak global automobile market forces these transnational auto companies to be more cautious about the future than ever. As reflected in the latest performance reports, though governments took measures to maintain the market, the sharp decline in global automobile sales volume continued in the first quarter. Automobile market bottomed out in the second quarter. US auto industry was affected the most, with two out of the top three manufacturers getting bankrupt and regrouped. In the first half, auto sales volume in USA was 4.80 million, down by 35.1% from that of the same period in 2008. The third largest automobile market in the world, Japan had a sales volume of 2.18 million, down by 21.5% with the same comparison.     

陕西软件企业国际化发展分析

软件业是一个高度开放和国际化的产业,软件企业的发展离不开国际市场。近年来,陕西软件业发展迅速,在国内软件行业中处于比较领先的地位,但企业的国际化经营相对落后,存在着许多制约因素。选择适合陕西软件业实际的国际化战略,是软件企业国际化发展的必然要求。     

The impact of geographic diversification on export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

Two alternative diversification strategies—the geographic diversification of export sales and key market concentration—are extensively discussed in management, strategy, entrepreneurship, and economics literature. However, no conclusive evidence currently exists as to how either of these strategies affects the performance of international sales. This paper contributes to a better understanding of geographic diversification as a key dimension of the internationalization process for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In it, we analyze a comprehensive database of Polish exporters over a 3-year period to better understand the geographic diversification patterns of exporters. Based on this analysis, six propositions emerged from the export patterns examined and two viable strategies for exporting SMEs are identified: (1) concentrating on a single market and (2) a balanced approach aimed at targeting a small number of key markets, combined with a strategy of penetrating other markets. Implications for practice and future research are also discussed herein.     

The Link Between Gasoline Prices and Vehicle Sales

This paper examines the link between fuel prices and sales of cars and trucks. U.S. automakers have long denied that such a link exists. One source of this false belief is an obsession with the crude count of units sold, equating Hummers with Minis. Another source is the conventional “wisdom” that Americans are unwilling to pay for fuel economy. The paper presents theoretical reasons and market evidence that refute Detroit’s conventional wisdom. American manufacturers’ reaction to rising fuel prices over the last few years revealed the shortcomings of the U.S. automakers’ recent product and powertrain strategies. The effect of rising fuel prices has, in effect, been offset by reducing prices of vehicles in inverse proportion to fuel economy. Thus, unit sales of large SUVs could be maintained, but their revenue (and profit) fell because vehicle prices were cut, directly or indirectly. The paper concludes with a few practical guidelines that business economists should use to prevent their companies from experiencing the recent massive losses experienced by the U.S. automobile industry. JEL Classification D120     

中国高速铁路的发展对民用航空运输业的影响及应对之策

中国高速铁路的蓬勃发展对民用航空运输企业造成的巨大冲击目益加剧,民航企业应从产业竞争的角度对比进行分析,以探究应对之策。从客户角度出发,高速铁路和民用航空的主要选择因子包括货币价格、时间价值、主观效用、客观安全、准点效率五类指标。高速铁路和民用航空的竞争过程包括价格竞争、服务竞争、成本竞争、战略竞争四个由低到高的层级。国内外典型个案的比较分析表明高速铁路带来的影响不尽是负面的,也有着相应的外部福利共享,更是为民航企业战略重塑、结构调整、乃至发展方式转变提供了新的契机。对于政府的公共决策而言,合理布局备类运输方式、统筹兼顾高速铁路和民用航空、引导“空铁联运”等行业合作模式将是实现交通事业科学发展的重要环节。对于民航企业的微观决策而言,在短期,一是采取必要和有限的机票折扣策略,二是严格控制运营成本;在中期,应重点解决以航班延误为代表的服务流程再造问题;在长期,则要调整市场目标结构以重塑企业竞争战略,重点拓展国际航线。     

David P. Billington and David P. Billington, Jr. Power, Speed, and Form: Engineers and the Making of the Twentieth Century

This is an enjoyable book. Historians of technology will findit especially appealing, but this book deserves—and willno doubt find—a wide audience. The Billingtons, a father-sonteam of engineer and historian, have written an engaging andcomprehensible account of modern engineering. They examine eighttechnologies fundamental to the modern world: electric power,the telephone, oil refining, the automobile,     

比较优势理论与期货市场竞争发展格局

期货市场是以现货市场为基础的衍生市场.根据比较优势及相关理论,期货市场的比较优势主要来自于所在国家或地区的要素条件、需求状况、竞争对手及产业政策.世界期货市场以及美国、欧洲、日本等国家或地区内期货市场竞争格局的变迁充分证明,具有比较优势的国家和地区或以具有比较优势的产业为基础的期货市场,在竞争中将因此而形成相应的比较优势.不同国家或地区间、一个国家或地区内期货市场所处的环境各不相同,因此发展期货市场必须根据所在国家或地区的环境特点,推行与之相适应的发展模式和产业政策,以形成自身的比较优势,在竞争中获取有利地位.     

跨国公司专利战略分析与应对策略构建

随着经济全球化的推进和市场竞争的加剧,作为保护技术创新的一种措施的专利权逐渐异化为跨国公司市场竞争的工具这种异化既是跨国公司有意推动的结果,也是市场竞争深化的反映。跨国公司专利战略的推行,以及将专利与技术标准相结合的趋势,使包括我国在内的一些技术水平有限的发展中国家的企业面对日益严峻的挑战。应对这种挑战需要政府和企业共同做出努力。     

我国区域间产业竞争力比较研究

产业竞争是市场经济和区域竞争最基本的表现之一，具有竞争优势的产业或产业群的形成是区域经济发展的核心，区域产业结构调整的最终目的是为了提高在区域间的产业竞争力。本文通过研制的区域间投入产出联结模型，比较和分析了我国各区域各产业在各区域市场中的占有率情况，以揭示我国当前区域间产业竞争力的总体状况和表现。     

Something unforeseeable happened? Natural rate theory and economic crisis

“Natural rate theory” — the application of the efficient market hypothesis to labour markets — has guided economic policy since the 1970s and laid the foundations for the design of major European institutions in the 1990s. Unfettered markets were declared to be stable, and consequently public policies and regulations were regarded as distortions. This led to a division of labour in which central banks were responsible only for price stability, governments for labour market reforms and unions for low wages. The European discussion focused almost exclusively on labour market reforms to reduce unemployment. Against the background of the recent dramatic drop in economic activity, this paper confronts natural rate theory with actual economic trends and argues that the predictions of the theory hardly fit the facts.