论基于供应链理论的企业物资管理

随着经济全球化趋势的加强,企业间竞争的舞台进一步扩大,企业间的竞争也日益激烈。企业的竞争力己经成为决定企业兴衰存亡的关键因素,企业生产成本的高低决定了企业的竞争力。企业生产过程中,总会伴随着大量的物资流动,从物资的采购、审批、订货到供货等各环节都有大量的工作要处理,物资供应费用在企业生产成本中占据很大的比重。因此,物资管理是企业管理中一项十分重要的内容。本文首先论述了物资管理的概念,继而分析了供应链管理与物资管理的关系,最后阐明了基于供应链理论的企业物资管理特点,以期对我国企业的物资管理提供一点可借鉴之处。     

企业竞争:企业生态位视角

在社会生态系统中,企业生态位状况决定着企业间竞争的起因、变量、过程和结果。优化企业生态位战略,关键在于通过资源整合获得最适生态位、最宽生态位和最优生态位,从根本上提高企业的生存力、发展力和竞争力。     

基于知识和谐的结盟型供应商选择评价模型

市场竞争的加剧促使企业谋求通过加强链上的竞争力来获取竞争优势,选择合适的供应商结盟将成为企业新的竞争优势来源。在企业与供应商的合作中将发生知识的交互转移,知识和谐将比质量、价格等更应成为企业选择供应商的准则。通过构建核心企业与供应商的知识交互转移模型,分析核心企业的知识和谐机制以及结盟的绩效来源,从知识合作与知识适配两方面构建基于知识和谐的结盟型供应商选择评价指标体系,并选择证据推理方法对企业选择评价供应商进行实证,旨为企业合理选择供应商结盟提供了新的思路与评价体系。     

中国烟草工业企业竞争力实证研究

本文运用因子分析法和模糊综合评价方法,对国内37家烟草工业企业2004-2006年期间的竞争力水平进行了评价。研究结果表明:我国烟草工业企业之间的竞争力水平存在显著差异,企业间"强者趋强、弱者更弱"的分化现象日益突出,优势企业的综合竞争力快速提升。为此,要继续提高我国烟草工业整体竞争力水平,必须深化企业间跨省区的联合重组,进一步提高烟草工业的企业规模和市场集中度。     

企业间的竞争、联盟和诚信

竞争为企业带来了活力和效率,而联盟可以提高企业间的和谐、降低企业的交易成本,但企业间的诚信对企业联盟的成功起着极其重要的作用。因此,本文在肯定竞争促进了企业资源配置的最优化和社会福利最大化的同时,全面分析了合作联盟对提高企业竞争力的机制,重点研究了企业间诚信对企业联盟的影响,并提出了相应的建议。     

基于企业文化提升企业核心竞争力的思考

企业间的竞争,实质上是企业核心竞争力的竞争,而企业文化是构建企业核心竞争力的关键要素,对企业核心竞争力的提升具有决定性的作用。本文通过阐述企业文化和企业核心竞争力的内涵,分析了企业文化与企业核心竞争力之间的关系,探讨了如何创建独具特色的企业文化,提升企业核心竞争力的问题。     

浅谈企业文化与企业核心竞争力

随着信息时代和知识时代的来临,企业间的竞争日益表现为企业文化和企业核心竞争力的竞争。本文通过界定企业文化和企业核心竞争力的定义,着力检视企业文化和企业核心竞争力之间的关系。     

企业文化与企业核心竞争力

随着信息时代和知识时代的来临,企业间的竞争日益表现为企业文化和企业核心竞争力的竞争。本文通过界定企业文化和企业核心竞争力的定义,着力检视企业文化和企业核心竞争力之间的关系。     

浅议如何建立完善的施工企业成本管理制度

随着经济的全球化,社会市场经济迅速发展,在这样的背景下,企业间竞争愈演愈烈,对于施工企业来说,施工成本的投入大小是决定企业竞争力高低的重要因素。然而,施工企业要想增强其竞争力,降低成本,就必须在企业的成本中重视成本的管理,发现成本管理存在的问题,寻找出解决的策略,以达到竞争的目的。     

浅议如何建立完善的施工企业成本管理制度

随着经济的全球化,社会市场经济迅速发展,在这样的背景下,企业间竞争愈演愈烈,对于施工企业来说,施工成本的投入大小是决定企业竞争力高低的重要因素。然而,施工企业要想增强其竞争力,降低成本,就必须在企业的成本中重视成本的管理,发现成本管理存在的问题,寻找出解决的策略,以达到竞争的目的。     

Cooperative or competitive in alliance formation: Alliance patterns with respect to rivals

Premised on the assumption that strategic alliance is a type of competitive action toward rivals, this study explores how a firm uses alliances differently with respect to rivals. I distinguish between two types of alliances that directly involve rivals: alliance with a rival and with a rival's partner. The former and the latter reflect cooperative‐ and competitive‐orientations respectively. Further, I investigate what drives a focal firm to adopt a particular alliance rather than another. The findings indicate that the key consideration explaining different alliance patterns is the resource profiles of focal and rival firms. This study contributes to the literature on competitive dynamics and strategic alliance by suggesting a new approach to integrate interfirm competition and cooperation. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

跨国战略联盟:对现代企业竞争关系一种新的诠释

跨国战略联盟是跨国经营企业为了实现战略目标所建立的合作关系,是企业可以扩大经营范围而不扩大企业规模的一种经营方法,作为介于市场和企业组织间的“混成组织”,跨国战略联盟体现了一种新型的“柔性”竞争,是在竞争的基础上加入了合作的内涵,是一种合作性的竞争或竞争性的合作,它对现代企业的竞争关系进行了新的诠释。     

Market valuation of marketing alliances in East Asia: Korean evidence

This paper investigates firm value created by non-equity marketing alliance announcements of Korean listed firms in terms of stock price reactions to the announcements. We find evidence that on the Korean stock market, the announcements of marketing alliances produce significant positive abnormal returns, which reflect an increase in firm value, around the announcement date. This suggests that firm managers need to seek for various marketing alliances not only for an effective competition in competitive business environments but also for enhancement in shareholder wealth. The increase in firm value has inverse relationship with firm's size and growth opportunity. In particular, marketing alliances with firms based in G7-countries create greater firm value than ones with firms based in the home country. Our study provides investors, firm managers, and academics with valuable implications of an importance of marketing alliances for valuation of firms in other Asian countries as well as in Korea.     

Alliance portfolios and shareholder value in post-IPO firms: The moderating roles of portfolio structure and firm-level uncertainty

Using longitudinal data for initial public offering (IPO) firms, we examine the role played by structural differences between different types of alliance portfolios in the relationship between IPO firm alliance portfolios and shareholder returns. We show that because of the different signals they send to the capital market, different types of alliance portfolios affect IPO firm performance differently. Namely, financial markets seem to reward firms whose alliance portfolio is diversified across different types of alliances (a portfolio high in functional diversity), but not those who align their alliance partners into multiple functional points in the value chain (a portfolio high in vertical scope). We also examine the signaling role of alliance portfolios under different IPO firm uncertainty conditions. We note that uncertainty about the IPO firm is not limited to pre-IPO quality uncertainty. Investors also face transition uncertainty, post-IPO uncertainty about the ability of the firm to adapt to the new managerial challenges it faces and succeed post-IPO. We find that these two types of uncertainties moderate alliance portfolio effects in different ways. The beneficial effects of alliance portfolios in mitigating liabilities of newness is of greater importance for firms associated with higher quality uncertainty and for those associated with lower transition uncertainty.     

Effect of Alliance Orientation on Firm Performance: An Empirical Study on High-Technology Firms in China

Based upon the dynamic-capability view and social capital theory, this paper examines the effect of alliance orientation on firm performance. Hypotheses are tested with data collected from 195 high-tech firms in China. Results show that alliance orientation has a significant and positive effect on firm performance. Moreover, market dynamism exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between alliance orientation and firm performance, whereas technological dynamism negatively moderates the relationship. Moreover, relational capital partially mediates the same relationship and the interaction effects of alliance orientation and market dynamism on firm performance.     

Do firms with more alliance experience outperform others with less? A three‐level sigmoid model and the moderating effects of diversification

Whether firms with more alliance experience perform better than those with less and whether the alliance strategy interacts with diversification strategy to shape firm performance are two critical but underexplored questions. To address these queries, this study develops a three‐level sigmoid framework built upon a marginal analysis that contrasts alliance benefits and alliance costs, and considers the moderation of diversification that often closely works with the alliance in shaping firm performance. Empirical results obtained from firms in two alliance‐populated industries support first that the alliance experience‐performance relationship is S‐shaped in that the linkage is negative to alliance novices, positive to alliance experts, and negative again to alliance overusers; and second, that the shape of this sigmoid curve varies systematically between high‐ and low‐diversified firms. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Is brand alliance always beneficial to firms?

In this research, we develop a fresh analytical model to examine the impact of brand quality on the firms’ performances when two firms selling substitute products form a brand alliance. Our results indicate that when two products have equal brand qualities, brand alliance is always a beneficial strategy for two firms to employ. However, when two products have different brand qualities, brand quality differential shows a positive relationship with the profit of the firm with the low-quality brand but demonstrates a negative relationship with the profit of the firm with the high-quality brand in the brand alliance. Our results also show that brand quality differential has a greater effect on the profit of the firm with the high-quality brand than on that of the firm with the low-quality brand. In addition, we find that brand alliance becomes much more valuable to the firm with the high-quality brand when the brand quality differential decreases, but the value of brand alliance has a concave relationship with the profit of the firm with the low-quality brand when the brand quality differential increases.     

An examination of the investments in U.S. biotechnology firms by foreign and domestic corporate partners

This study examines the characteristics that make start-up biotechnology firms attractive alliance partners. We distinguish between firm specific and location-specific characteristics as well as between foreign and domestic corporate partners. We present and test a longitudinal model of alliance development based on data from 64 public biotechnology firms. The results provide evidence that foreign and domestic alliance capital inflows are driven by different factors. Firm-specific factors explain minimal variance in capital inflows from foreign alliance partners; rather, location-specific factors seem to matter more. The reverse is true for domestic alliance partners. Further, our results suggest that firm size moderates the relationship between location-specific factors and capital inflows from foreign alliance partners such that larger firms benefit more when located in technologically munificent environments.     

The Virtues of Green Strategies: Some Empirical Support from the Alliance Context

Whilst strategic alliance performance has been extensively researched through the resource-based lens, it has yet to be examined under the natural-resource-based view (NRBV) of the firm. Building on the NRBV, this article argues that a firm’s level of environmental proactiveness affects its level of alliance satisfaction. The argument is tested by surveying Norwegian CEOs, and the results confirm a positive relationship. Moreover, the partner’s environmental proactiveness equally influences the focal firm’s satisfaction with the alliance, in consistent with related studies. In addition to providing new empirical evidence in support of the NRBV, and extending the alliance performance literature, the findings add to the corporate environmentalism literature by offering insights on the virtues of green strategies in an underexplored context.     

The three faces of China: Strategic alliance partner selection in three ethnic Chinese economies

It is generally understood that firm strategy is linked to both internal firm resources and external, competitive industry forces. More recently, studies have suggested that firm strategy is also influenced by the formal and informal institutions of the institutional environment. Culture and commercial conventions represent important informal institutions – the norms and values shared by a group of individuals – whereas more formal institutions include the regulatory, economic, and political forces in the environment. We explore the effects of formal and informal institutions on strategic alliance partner preferences in Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Although the three share a broad lineage, their institutional development differs in some respects. Utilizing a policy capturing study, we explore alliance preferences of senior managers from each of the three economies to demonstrate how similarities and differences in the institutional environment can produce variation in alliance partner preferences. This paper contributes empirically by comparing alliance partner preferences in three different ethnic Chinese communities in East Asia. We add to the nascent but growing literature on institutions and strategy, with practical implications for understanding alliance partner preferences of managers in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, which represent major centers of strategic alliance activity.