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1.
Eve Poole 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,84(4):577-588
The jury remains out about the bottom-line relevance of organisational spirituality. This article reviews the arguments made
thus far, using those sources most commonly cited as providing ‹evidence’ that organisational spirituality adds value to the
bottom line. Having collated the evidence, this article offers some observation about the robustness of this existing ‹business
case’. It then offers some preliminary conclusions on the literature review, examining the merits of pursuing a ‹business
case’ in this field and identifying some specific questions for future research. 相似文献
2.
Approaches to business ethics can be roughly divided into two streams: ‹codes of behavior’ and ‹forms of subjectification’,
with code-oriented approaches clearly dominating the field. Through an elaboration of poststructuralist approaches to moral
philosophy, this paper questions the emphasis on codes of behaviour and, thus, the conceptions of the moral and responsible
subject that are inherent in rule-based approaches. As a consequence of this critique, the concept of a practice-based ‹ethics
of responsiveness’ in which ethics is never final but rather always ‹to come’, is investigated. In such an approach the ethical
self is understood as being continuously constituted within power/knowledge relations. Following this line, we ask how one
can become a responsible subject while also acknowledging certain limits of full responsibility. We thereby explore responsibility
as a considered but unconditional openness in response to the other. 相似文献
3.
Rüdiger Hahn 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,84(3):313-324
The first United Nations Millennium Development Goal calls for a distinct reduction of worldwide poverty. It is now widely
accepted that the private sector is a crucial partner in achieving this ambitious target. Building on this insight, the ‹Bottom
of the Pyramid’ concept provides a framework that highlights the untapped opportunities with the ‹poorest of the poor’, while
at the same time acknowledging the abilities and resources of private enterprises for poverty alleviation. This article connects
the idea of business with the poor to sustainable development and especially to the notions of inter- and intragenerational
justice. These principles of justice can be linked with the ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ approach directly through the Rawlsian
principles to foster holistic thinking. On this basis, the article offers a normative-ethical reasoning of corporations’ possible
responsibilities for the poorest of the poor. Today’s state of worldwide inequalities is likely to generate future tensions
between the privileged western world and the uncounted mass of poor (let alone the ethical dubiousness of this status). However,
it is at the same time problematic if not even impossible to improve the situation of the poor by simply copying the resource
intensive western way of living to the ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ due to the limited carrying capacity of the earth. After highlighting
possible moral dilemmas which may occur through such a potential trade off, this article concludes with an outlook on how
the concepts ‹Bottom of the Pyramid’ and sustainable development could be combined. 相似文献
4.
This study was designed to examine the prevalence of a code of ethics and to analyze its content among public relations agencies
in the United States. Of the 1,562 public relations agencies reviewed, 605 (38.7%) provided an ethical statement. Among the
ethical statements provided by these public relations agencies, ‹respect to clients,’ ‹service,’ ‹strategic,’ and ‹results’
were the values most frequently emphasized. On the other hand, ‹balance,’ ‹fairness,’ ‹honor,’ ‹social responsibility,’ and
‹independence’ were the least frequently mentioned in the ethical codes. Also, none of the sampled agencies included any sanctions
regarding enforcement of their particular codes of ethics. 相似文献
5.
Betty Yung 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,87(1):45-57
The common discourse on intellectual property rights rests mainly on utilitarian ground, with implications on the question
of justice as well as moral significance. It runs like this: Intellectual property rights are to reward the originators for
his/her intellectual labour mainly in monetary terms, thereby providing incentives for originators to engage in future innovative
labouring. Without such incentives, few, if not none, will engage in creative activities and the whole human community will,
thereby, suffer because of reduced inventions. However, such utilitarian argument on piracy as de-motivation may not be necessarily
justified. In fact, intellectual property arrangement is one among different institutions concerning how the society may handle
new ideas and creative works. In reality, private ownership over one’s intellectual product is merely a modern western concept
that is being ‹advertised’ as being normative, which, by itself, is highly debatable. Alarming still, such normative argument
assumes both justness and moral dimensions. This article will analyse whether such argument is philosophically sound. 相似文献
6.
Where one stands to engage with the world is not as some New Age Psychologists continue to argue, completely free and self-determined.
Rather, it is formed largely beyond one’s control and is fraught with both dangers and opportunities. This pre-determined
point of view is referred to as the Assumptive World (Parkes, 1975). This is defined as a “strongly held set of assumptions about the world and the self that is confidently maintained
and used as a means of recognizing, planning and acting…Assumptions such as these are learned and confirmed by the experience
of many years” (Parkes, 1975, p. 132). There are, further, levels and intensities of assumptions, as refined by Janoff-Bulman,
R. (1992). These assumptions form the centre point of our world and our consciousness. They are so much a part of us that
we tend not to challenge them. Though unchallenged, these assumptions nevertheless drive our behaviors, set our expectations,
and operationalize our moral views. 相似文献
7.
Elaborating on the notions that humans possess different modalities of decision-making and that these are often influenced
by moral considerations, we conducted an experimental investigation of the Trolley Problem. We presented the participants
with two standard scenarios (‹lever’ and ‹stranger’) either in the usual or in reversed order. We observe that responses to
the lever scenario, which result from (moral) reasoning, are affected by our manipulation; whereas responses to the stranger
scenario, triggered by moral emotions, are unaffected. Furthermore, when asked to express general moral opinions on the themes
of the Trolley Problem, about half of the participants reveal some inconsistency with the responses they had previously given. 相似文献
8.
Elisabeth K. Kelan 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,81(2):427-445
This article analyses how the new type of worker is constructed in respect to gender in current management literature. It
contributes to the increasing body of work in organisational theory and business ethics which interrogates management texts
by analysing textual representations of gender. A discourse analysis of six texts reveals three inter-connected yet distinct
ways in which gender is talked about. First, the awareness discourse attempts to be inclusive of gender yet reiterates stereotypes
in its portrayal of women. Second, within the individualisation discourse, formerly discriminatory elements of gender lose
their importance but a gender dimension reappears within the idea of ‹Brand You’. Third, in the new ideal discourse, women
are constructed as ideal workers of the future. The article argues that there is little space within this web of discourses
for an awareness of the continued inequalities experienced by women in relation to men to be voiced and that this rhetorical
aporia contributes to a ‹post-feminist’ climate. 相似文献
9.
Many transnational corporations and international organizations have embraced corporate social responsibility (CSR) to address
criticisms of working and environmental conditions at subcontractors’ factories. While CSR ‹codes of conduct’ are easy to
draft, supplier compliance has been elusive. Even third-party monitoring has proven an incomplete solution. This article proposes
that an alteration in the supply chain’s governance, from an arms-length market model to a collaborative partnership, often
will be necessary to effectuate CSR. The market model forces contractors to focus on price and delivery as they compete for
the lead firm’s business, rendering CSR observance secondary, at best. A collaborative partnership where the lead firm gives
select suppliers secure product orders and other benefits removes disincentives and adds incentives for CSR compliance. In
time, the suppliers’ CSR habit should shift their business philosophy toward pursuing CSR as an end in itself, regardless
of buyer incentives and monitoring. This article examines these hypotheses in the context of the athletic footwear sector
with Nike, Inc. and its suppliers as the specific case study. The data collected and conclusions reached offer strategies
for advancing CSR beyond the superficial and often ineffectual ‹code of conduct’ stage. 相似文献
10.
The pharmaceutical sector, an industry already facing stiff challenges in the form of intensified competition and strategic
consolidation, has increasingly become subject to a range of pressures. Crucially, in common with other large-scale businesses,
pharmaceutical firms find themselves ‹invited’ to respond positively to the corporate ‹social’ responsibility (CSR) expectations
of their stakeholders. Consequently, individual managers will almost certainly be obliged to engage in some form of stakeholder
dialogue and this, in turn, means that they will have to make difficult choices about which practices to adopt. This real-world
management predicament runs parallel to an academic interest in CSR stakeholder dialogue theory and models. Accordingly, the
approach of this paper is to focus primarily on the academic debate surrounding stakeholder dialogue, by reviewing past attempts
to research and theorise the subject, by identifying gaps and weaknesses in the literature, and by proposing a new analytical
model. The central aim of the proposed new model is to offer a unified, structured, systematic, and comprehensive approach
to CSR decision making whilst simultaneously providing a practical framework for CSR executives who face the challenge of
responding in an effective manner to stakeholders. The model outlined here is currently being employed to conduct international
comparative empirical research into stakeholder dialogue practices amongst UK and German pharmaceutical firms. In the longer
term the intention is to use the model to undertake international comparative research encompassing a broader range of countries
and industries. 相似文献
11.
Firms are spending billions annually in the name of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Whilst markets are increasingly
willing to reward good and responsible firms, they lack the instruments to measure corporate social performance (CSP). To
convince investors and other stakeholders, firms invest heavily in building a reputation for good corporate behaviour. This
article argues that reputations for CSP are often unrepresentative of true CSP and investigates how differences in ‹perceived’
and ‹actual’ – as measured by the Fortune and KLD databases, respectively – can partly be explained by firm characteristics.
Amongst other things, it finds that overrated firms are more likely to be relatively big, profitable, operating in non-polluting
but competitive industries and with no history of wrong doings to their primary stakeholders. They will also typically spend
a lot of effort satisfying the claims of their secondary stakeholders. Above all, the results emphasise the need for researchers
to recognise that the databases measure different phenomenon and are not interchangeable. 相似文献
12.
Paul Griseri 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(4):615-625
This article presents a response to a recent article by Yotam Lurie and Robert Albin in which they discuss and present the
merits of casuistry as a method for resolving moral dilemmas in business, principally by developing ‹edifying’ perspectives
on the situation, and in doing so highlight the shortcomings of principles (such as the categorical imperative) in generating
insights and thereby moral choices. The present article accepts the importance of cases and examples as a source of insight,
but argues that the process of conceptualisation involved in understanding these necessarily involves some reference to principles.
However, principles and cases are best seen as complementary to the ethical decision-making process rather than in opposition.
The complementary functions of these are highlighted in processes such as reflection upon experience, in applications of moral
imagination and in the integration of emotive and cognitive elements in ethical choice. 相似文献
13.
Jeff Hearn Marjut Jyrkinen Rebecca Piekkari Eeva Oinonen 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,83(1):41-54
This article addresses the intersections, even blurrings, of two “homes” and two “aways” – the personal, ‹private’ home and
the corporate ‹public’ ‹away’, and the national home country and corporate base and the transnational work away. Drawing on
40 semi-structured interviews with women and men top and middle managers in seven multinational corporations located in Finland,
we examine the complex relations among transnational managerial work, corporate careers and personal, marriage and family-type
relations, and their differences for women and men managers. This shows the very different personal and social worlds inhabited
by senior women and men managers, and how transnational processes can make those differences even greater.
相似文献
Eeva OinonenEmail: |
14.
Narrative is increasingly being recognised as an important tool both to manage and understand organisations. In particular,
narrative is recognised to have an important influence on the perception of environmental issues in business, a particularly
contested area of modern management. Management literature is, however, only beginning to develop a framework for evaluating
the quality and legitimacy of narratives. Due to the highly fluid nature of narratives, the traditional notion of truth as
reflecting ‹objective reality’ is not useful here. In this article, an alternative approach that evaluates a narrative in
two stages is developed. First, a horizontal reading investigates the surface of the narrative, its textual features, instrumental
devices and its integrity as a text, to assess the quality of a narrative. Second, a more philosophical or vertical reading
makes explicit the underlying value assumptions that author and reader bring to the writing and reading of the narrative to
assess the narrative’s claim to legitimacy. The framework is then tested against a narrative on the relationship between business
and environment as espoused by a supply chain manager of a UK-based manufacturing company. 相似文献
15.
Affirmative action has been a particularly contentious policy issue that has polarised contributions to the debate. Over recent
times in most western countries, support for affirmative action has, however, been largely snuffed out or beaten into retreat
and replaced by the concept of ‹diversity management’. Thus, any contemporary study that examines the development of affirmative
action would suggest that its opponents have won the battle. Nonetheless, this article argues that because the battle has
been won on dubious ethical grounds it is important that we do not allow affirmative action to sink unnoticed. This article
explores and challenges the ethical and philosophical underpinnings of opponents’ views and finds their cases against affirmative
action are not ethically sound. The article concludes there are strong ethical grounds for those organisations which seek
to do well, to reassert affirmative action programmes in the global efforts to eradicate systemic discrimination and disadvantage. 相似文献
16.
In recent years there have been ever-growing concerns regarding environmental decline, causing some companies to focus on
the implementation of environmentally friendly supply, production and distribution systems. Such concern may stem either from
the set of beliefs and values of the company’s management or from certain pressure exerted by the market – consumers and institutions
– in the belief that an environmentally respectful management policy will contribute to the transmission of a positive image
of the company and its products. Sometimes, however, ethics and market rules are not enough to deal with this situation and
specific laws must be considered. This is the case when companies base their activity on the ‹ethics of self-interest’ concentrating
their efforts on projecting an adequate image – e.g. environmental respect – rather than fundamentally behaving in environmentally
respectful ways. This article, taking as reference the SME context, discusses the reasons for implementing environmentally
friendly systems. Both ethics and business seem to be relevant and, therefore, a certain balance between market and interventionism
seems to be necessary. 相似文献
17.
This article draws on the results of a qualitative, exploratory study of 20 Australian women business owners to demonstrate
how using a ‹gender as social identity’ lens provides new insights into the influence of gender on exporting and entrepreneurial
behaviour. Interview data reveal perceptions of gender identity and gender relations varied and influenced the interpretations
which women business owners placed on their exporting activities. Women in the study used different terms to describe exporter
and entrepreneurial characteristics to those found in extant literature. A strong theme was exporting as a life-changing experience
that allowed the women to grow personally as well as grow the business and succeed as exporters. 相似文献
18.
This paper explores the role of mentoring and networking in the career development of global female managers. The paper is
based on data collected from interviews with 50 senior female managers. The voices of the female managers illustrate some
of the difficulties associated with informal organisational processes, in particular mentoring and networking, which hinder
their career development. The findings confirm that female managers can miss out on global appointments because they lack
mentors, role models, sponsorship, or access to appropriate networks – all of which are commonly available to their male counterparts.
The interviewees suggest that men, as the dominant group, may want to maintain their dominance by excluding women from the
informal interactions of mentoring and networking. The findings further suggest that if females had more access to networks
and mentors they could be socialised in both the formal and informal norms of the organisation and gain career advantages
from these. The managers reveal that they encounter additional barriers in ‹a man’s world’ and remind us that there is still
much to be changed. 相似文献
19.
Christoph Luetge 《Journal of Business Ethics》2006,66(1):43-51
This article discusses the possibility of an economic foundation for a work and savings ethic. In particular, James M. Buchanan has, in his late works, endorsed traditional ‘Puritan’ demands for working and saving more, while arguing that this is beneficial for all members of a society. I will question Buchanan’s analysis of the ‘Puritan’ ethic both in normative and methodological respects before aiming at a constructive interpretation. 相似文献
20.
David Geoffrey Holdsworth 《Journal of Business Ethics》2012,108(1):37-48
In this essay, my point of departure is Bernard Hodgson’s analysis of neo-classical economic theory and his demonstration
that neo-classical economic thought is already a branch of normative theory. I undertake to broaden the demonstration by showing
that other contemporary conceptions of economics are also irreducibly normative. The essay begins with an overview of Hodgson’s
argument strategy, and a discussion of his thesis that economics is a moral science. This illustrates in what way moral presuppositions are at play as core principles that both positivist and normativist
economics take for granted. My strategy is to show that alternative conceptions of economics, in particular Schumpeterian
accounts of evolution/innovation, and orthodox versions of ecological economics, share with classical and neo-classical economics
normative assumptions about the common good, extending Hodgson’s thesis to one about moral science. For then these assumptions (both moral and scientific) commit economics to unworkable notions of social and environmental optimization that ignore the pure historical contingency
of physical, economic, social and cultural conditions. It is concluded that the relationship between facts and values must
be fundamentally retheorized. 相似文献