我国民间借贷的现状及问题剖析

由于民间借贷的高利率,以及我国实行从紧的货币政策和严格的房地产调控政策、民营企业和个人融资难等原因,使民间借贷越发活跃。民间借贷是一把双刃剑,与正规借贷相互补充而又不断竞争。它在一定程度上弥补了国家正规金融服务的不足,同时,也产生一系列的不良影响,如加重企业经济负担,容易引发债务纠纷,助长高利贷的存在,国家利率政策受到影响,金融秩序受到干扰等。民间借贷有其存在的客观性和必要性,我国应从改革和发展的高度规范引导民间借贷,将民间借贷纳入金融综合改革内容。     

我国农村民间借贷法律问题研究

农村民间借贷存在的经济法依据有经济效益原则和社会公平原则.尽管我国相继颁布了<整顿乱集资乱批设金融机构和乱办金融业务实施方案>、<金融违法行为处罚办法>、<最高法院审理借贷案件的若干意见>、<关于调整放宽农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策的若干意见>等有关农村民间借贷方面的法律法规,但是农村民间借贷还存在着干扰国家金融政策的实施、造成国家税款的流失、和资源的浪费、金融风险大等弊端.必须使农村民间借贷监管法制化、制定专门规范农村民间借贷的法律法规来完善我国农村民间借贷.     

规范和引导民间金融健康发展研究

民间金融作为我国信用体系中的一种非正规信用形式,长期以来,由于一直没有合法身份,始终处于地下活动状态.随着我国经济的发展和金融体制的改革,民间金融合法化、阳光化的呼声越来越高.据悉,国家即将通过立法形式确定民间借贷的合法地位,民间借贷合法化已初见曙光.本文运用民间金融的发展机理,分析了民间金融合法化的剁与弊,并对如何规范和引导民间金融的健康发展提出建议.     

黑龙江省民间借贷的规范与发展对策

近年来,黑龙江省民间借贷呈现出不断膨胀的趋势,逐渐发展成农村地区资金融通的主要渠道之一。民间借贷的存在和活跃为促进黑龙江省经济发展起到了积极作用。然而由于缺乏规范和监管,民间借贷扰乱了社会和金融秩序,不利于国家宏观调控和经济结构调整,加重了企业负担。应明确民间借贷法律地位,制定和完善相应法律法规,对合法化民间借贷进行监督和管理,加大信贷投资力度,提高中小企业整体素质,以促进黑龙江省民间借贷健康发展。     

金融改革背景下我国民间借贷规范发展问题

十八大以来我国金融市场改革的步伐不断加快,对民间借贷的规范性发展也提出了重要的要求。在金融改革背景下,如何有效规范民间借贷的发展成为当前我国金融市场发展的重点。本文就金融改革背景下我国民间借贷规范发展存在的问题进行深入的分析,并在此基础上提出相应的对策建议,以全面实现对民间借贷的规范化发展,充分发挥民间借贷在我国金融市场的重要作用,进而全面促进金融改革的顺利进行。     

民间借贷规范研究

民间借贷作为正规金融的一种有效补充,有其存在的合理性.目前民间借贷尚不规范,在发展的同时暴露出许多问题,主要体现在法律条例不健全,监管制度不到位,借贷双方存在道德缺失等方面.政府应从建立和完善针对民间借贷的相关法规,构建规范的民间借贷监管机制,加大金融创新力度,稳步推进利率市场化改革,着重支持小额贷款公司的发展等方面入手,从而使民间借贷朝正规化、阳光化方向发展.     

民间金融规范发展研究

民间金融的融资渠道和形式已趋于多元化,除个人之间、个人和企业间直接借贷外,小额贷款公司、典当行、担保公司等机构都有大量参与,私募基金、合会或抬会以及地下钱庄等非法融资组织也乘机抬头。分析法院受理的民间借贷纠纷案件与民间借贷现状存反常之处,探讨民间借贷不得超过同期银行贷款利率4倍的规定成了执行不了的法律的原因,并提出规范民间金融的发展的策略。     

我国民间借贷高利贷化成因及对策研究

民间借贷是广泛存在于各发展中国家的互助性的借贷行为,它既是金融性行为,也是法律性行为,是对正规金融的重要补充,社会对其关注度很高。近年来,在我国经济的飞速发展的同时,民间借贷也随之蓬勃发展,然而在部分民间地区,高利贷趋势日益严重,对中小企业和金融体系造成了不容忽视的影响。通过对民间借贷高利贷化的现状及其形成的原因的分析,进一步探讨了在法律制度层面的改革措施,力图通过制度激励来引导金融资源优化配置,规范民间借贷行为,从而保障民间借贷秩序的健康发展。     

民间借贷发展问题探析

由于正规金融的缺失、投资渠道狭窄及自身的比较优势,民间借贷最近几年发展迅速。特别是在货币紧缩的政策环境下,民间借贷的问题更是突出。文章介绍了目前民间借贷发展的现状,其规模庞大、参与者广泛、利率极高。在此基础上深入分析了民间借贷迅猛发展的原因和存在的风险,并提出合理发展民间借贷必须放开民间借贷市场,明确其合法地位,规范民间借贷的发展,加强监管,并推进利率的市场化改革。     

浅析我国民间借贷的法律规制

民间借贷在我国存在已久,已成为许多中小企业发展的重要资金来源,但长期以来国家出于民间借贷风险的担忧和金融安全的考虑,对民间借贷采取严格的管制政策,使得民间借贷始终徘徊在"灰色地带"。本文分析了民间借贷的特征及我国民间借贷法律规制方面所存在的问题,并提出了我国民间借贷法律规制的完善建议。     

探析金融结构变迁背景下的区域金融安全网框架设计

国有四大银行在我国区域金融结构中的垄断地位已被打破,以四大商业大银行为主体、中小银行机构参与竞争的银行体系逐步形成,传统的以国家信用为基础的区域金融安全网存在的问题日益显现。当前,应逐步完善以中小银行机构为核心的新的区域金融安全网,将地方政府管理纳入事前防范体系;重点构建事后处理体系,建立同业救助基金制度、存款保险制度和市场退出制度,以有效化解金融结构变迁中的区域金融风险。     

我国经济增长背景下的房地产市场与金融稳定

由于房价上涨掩盖了潜在风险,而经济主体的行为又具有非理性特征,经济增长阶段的房地产市场极易造成金融体系的不稳定。失衡的供求关系导致了垄断利润的存在,诱使银行业过度介入房地产市场。而金融纪律弱化以及风险分担和前瞻性的损失预防机制的缺失,导致银行业对房地产市场的过度支持和风险累积,这是我国房地产市场影响金融稳定的主要原因。政府除了要制定调整供应结构和严格融资门槛的供求干预政策外,早期的风险预警机制建设也必不可少。     

齐齐哈尔市社会信用体系建设的探讨

齐齐哈尔市在信用体系建设过程中现存在的问题:信用信息的泄漏及滥用严重;信用市场发育不完善,法律、法规不健全,缺少健全配套的信用体系。应强化政府主导作用,弱化垄断企业的强权行为,培育和发展市场经济中独立的信用评价体系,提高政府自身的信用形象,遏止信用缺失现象的发生,其有利于建设高效政府、高效的社会。     

Credit access for high-risk borrowers in financially concentrated markets: Do SBA loan guarantees help?

The Small Business Administration's (SBA) loan guarantee program was established to correct financial capital market inefficiencies and improve small business access to financial capital. However, the SBA loan guarantee program has been criticized for its failure to improve the performance of financial capital markets available to small businesses. This study considers the financial capital market failure created by lenders' monopoly power (specifically, financial market concentration) in financial capital markets. Based on this potential market failure, a model is derived to evaluate the behavior of lenders and borrowers in financial capital markets. Using the national Survey of Small Business Finance, this study compares the financial characteristics of small business borrowers with and without SBA loan guarantees, and provides a qualitative assessment of the SBA's ability to correct financial capital market inefficiencies. When considering only the interaction between borrower quality and the degree of financial market concentration, high-risk borrowers in high concentration financial markets have a higher probability of receiving an SBA loan guarantee than low-risk borrowers in low concentration financial markets. However, when other factors influencing the demand for financial capital are included in the model, only the borrower attributes (credit risk and age) are significant. While the SBA loan guarantee program appears to partially mitigate the effects of the market failure caused by financial market concentration for high-risk borrowers, the program appears to be better designed to address borrower risk, rather than credit market failure.     

企业财务信用缺失及其治理

我国企业中普遍存在着财务信用问题。企业财务信用产生的原因既有企业自身造成的,社会环境存在的缺陷造成的,又有法律及信用管理滞后造成的。本文认为,治理企业财务信用危机,提高企业信用水准,需要通过完善法制,强化全社会的道德意识,树立新型的企业经营理念,建立和加强企业内部财务信用管理,构建和逐步完善起我国财务信用管理系统,并形成有效的财务信用管理机制,从根本上治理和消除财务信用缺失,使市场经济健康有序地运行。     

The development of consumer protection in Saudi Arabia

The development of consumer protection in Saudi Arabia is of interest for a number of reasons. First, Saudi Arabia presents a unique combination of size, stage of development of the economy and wealth, coupled with strictness of Islamic observance. Second, consumer protection in the Saudi context has received very little attention from researchers. Despite the richness of Islamic teachings on the conduct of business and trade, very little has been written on consumer protection in Islamic societies other than discussions of financial markets and consumer credit and monopoly. This article briefly explores the background to the emergence of consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. Consumer credit and financial markets are excluded from the discussion. Islamic (Shari’ah) law is analysed as a basis for the regulation of consumer affairs; this system of law is then compared in its major outcomes for consumers with legal systems in advanced Western economies. The development of secular commercial law during recent times in Saudi Arabia is also considered as a parallel development to those in Shari’ah. Both strands of development are then set in the context of Saudi Arabia's 5‐year development plans and the changing position of consumer policy issues is tracked through successive plans. The institutional location of consumer policy within the Saudi government system is discussed before finally considering the changing nature of the Saudi consumer and the possible future for consumer protection in the country.     

黑龙江省金融生态环境下农村金融合作社风险管理机制研究

当前,黑龙江省农村金融合作社金融生态环境存在的问题是,农村信用合作社产权制度改革进展较慢,农村社会征信体系还不完善,农村金融生态法律不健全,基层政府金融生态观念淡薄。构建金融生态环境下农村金融合作社风险管理机制,应加强地方政府的主导机制,完善农村信用合作社金融生态立法机制,加强同业合作,促成良性竞争机制,完善资本补足机制,健全内部治理机制,提升金融合作社抵御风险能力。     

The Role of Information Sharing in Modulating the Effect of Financial Access on Inequality

ABSTRACT

This study examines the role of information sharing in modulating the effect of financial access on income inequality in 48 African countries for the period 2004–2014. Information sharing is proxied with private credit bureaus and public credit registries. All dynamics of financial development are taken into account, namely: depth (money supply and liquid liabilities), efficiency (at banking and financial system levels), activity (from banking and financial system perspective) and size. The empirical exercise is based on interactive Generalised Method of Moments. It can be established from the findings that: first, a threshold of 18.072 percentage coverage of public credit registries is needed to counteract the unconditional positive effect of banking system efficiency. Secondly, on the role of private credit bureaus in financial depth, both the unconditional and the conditional effects are negative, implying a negative synergy. Overall, the findings show that, contingent on the type of financial development dynamic, credit registries broadly play their theoretical role of decreasing financing constraints in order to ultimately reduce inequality.     

浅谈金融诚信体系建设的认识与实践

金融诚信是整个社会信用健全完善的重要标志,也是构筑强健金融体系的基石。本文在分析我国金融诚信体系现状时是提出,（一）金融诚信的缺失导致了金融机构不良贷款居高不下;（二）金融诚信的缺失削弱了金融机构信用工具的应有功能;（三）金融诚信的缺失阻滞了企业正常的资金需求;（四）金融诚信的缺失制约了消费信贷业务的拓展步伐。本文作者认为我国金融诚信缺失的原因很多,主要可归纳为三类,（一）市场体系不健全。（二）经济体制转轨问题。（三）金融信息不对称。作者还对诚信体系建设提出了五条建议,（一）以“三位一体”信用制度建设为突破口,构建社会化信用服务网络体系;（二）以法制信用建设为保证,规范金融诚信行为;（三）以政府信用建设为先导,打造金融诚信环境;（四）以现代企业制度建设为重点,重塑企业诚信形象;（五）以道德文化建设为支撑,增强全民信用意识。     

监管松弛、过度创新与资产泡沫——对美国金融危机的一个分析逻辑

美国监管层对金融自由化的信奉,导致金融监管松弛;而金融监管松弛诱致甚至怂恿金融机构为追求高额利润而进行过度创新;过度创新导致经济体系中信贷膨胀、资产泡沫;当预期风险增加、信贷收缩时,资产泡沫破灭,便引发全面金融危机。