构建纳税服务长效机制的几点思考

近年来,各地国税机关认真贯彻落实<税收征管法>、<纳税服务工作规范>等法律法规和相关规定,以纳税人为中心,转变服务理念,拓展服务内涵,增强服务实效,提高了纳税人的税法遵从度和纳税满意度,促进了征纳关系的和谐发展.随着经济和税收形势的发展,纳税服务的内涵、方式、目标等都发生了一定变化,迫切需要采取新的有效措施,构建纳税服务长效机制,提高纳税服务的质量和效率.笔者结合基层国税部门工作实际,就加强和改进纳税服务工作作一探讨.     

增值税纳税人身份的税收筹划

增值税对一般纳税人和小规模纳税人的差别待遇,为小规模纳税人与一般纳税人进行纳税筹划提供了可能性,文章在借鉴已有文献成果的基础上,着重从理论上推导出一般纳税人和小规模纳税人的税负平衡点及其身份转化条件。     

论公民纳税人意识的培养

我国公民纳税人意识比较淡薄,主要表现在权利意识和义务意识淡薄。应通过以下途径培养公民的纳税人意识:形成正确的税收观;税收收入使用科学化、合理化、透明化;税收宣传的应更具针对性和有效性;国家公职人员树立为纳税人服务意识,尊重和保护纳税人权利;依法追究违反税法者的法律责任。     

浅析增值税纳税人身份的筹划

税收筹划是纳税人的一项基本权利,通过税收筹划所取得的收益是企业的合法权益.现行增值税将纳税人分为一般纳税人和小规模纳税人,并实行不同的税收政策,由此导致两种纳税人在税负方面各有利弊,这就为增值税纳税人进行税收筹划提供了可能.本文就增值税纳税人身份的认定,对一般纳税人和小规模纳税人的税负平衡点进行了推导,从而为企业选择合适的纳税人身份提供依据.     

增值税纳税人身份选择的税收筹划方法探析

一般纳税人和小规模纳税人在税款征纳上的不同,为企业利用纳税人身份的选择进行税收筹划提供了可能。本文对纳税人身份选择的两种筹划方法进行了分析并提出了在实际操作中应注意的问题。     

关于企业一般纳税人与小规模纳税人的税负问题思考

我国增值税将纳税人划分为一般纳税人与小规模纳税人,根据税法的规定,两类纳税人的计税方法不同。我们普遍认为一般纳税人与小规模纳税人的税负基本相同,但是本文作者提出了不同的看法。文章通过举例进行说明两种纳税人在面对同一业务时的不同计税处理,发现随着进价与销售价差距变大时,企业如何根据自身商品的特点,通过选择不同身份的纳税人来进行合理避税,实现企业更长久的发展。     

对地方税务局纳税服务工作调查分析——以武汉某地税局为例

为了更加全面、准确地掌握纳税服务及税务机关工作的总体状况,了解纳税人对税务机关纳税服务工作的真实评价和实际需求,找准服务的切入点,进一步转变服务理念和提升服务水平,调查地方税务机关工作的总体状况和纳税人对税务机关纳税服务满意度情况是构建和谐社会的重要课题之一。     

我国增值税小规模纳税人法律制度研究

我国将增值税纳税人按企业销售额与会计核算健全与否分为一般纳税人和小规模纳税人,并实行不同的征收管理办法。虽然国际上也有很多开征增值税的国家对纳税人实行分类管理,但我国小规模纳税人的现状与现代增值税的优点不相符合,导致纳税人税负不公,征管效率偏低。小规模纳税人制度的改革在现阶段与"营改增"一样具有必要性和紧迫性。     

巧选供货人类型的纳税筹划

一般纳税人可以开具增值税专用发票．从一般纳税人处采购货物的纳税人可以抵扣其中所包含的增值税。小规模纳税人如开具普通发票，从小规模纳税人处采购货物的纳税人无法抵扣其中所包含的增值税，小规模纳税人可以从税务机关代开增值税专用发票．但可抵扣税率为3％，一般纳税人的产品相对价格较高．这就有选择和比较的问题，他们之间价格达到什么比例会导致采购哪种类型的企业较合算？本文章采用净利润法，对不同企业的净利润比较．得到他们进货价格的比例，从而知道采购哪种类型的企业较合算。     

浅论纳税人权利保障

纳税人权利是纳税人享有的与其纳税义务相对应的基本权利,本文将从经济和法律两个层面分析纳税人权利保障的根源并对我国纳税人权利保障提出建议。     

税收遵从的理论模型与政策引申——基于对Allingham-Sandmo框架的考察

本文考察了Allingham-Sandmo模型的基本框架,并在扩展其假设条件的基础上探讨了纳税人与税务机关之间的相互影响和作用。委托—代理模型的结果表明,在受到稽查的范围内,高收入纳税人的申报收入将处于或接近界定稽查分隔点的临界值;相反,在博弈理论模型的序贯博弈状态下,很多受到稽查的纳税人的申报都是不诚实的。稽查概率的确定、稽查策略的选择和处罚力度等要素对模型的结果具有重要影响。     

Regressive Tax Rates and the Unethical Taxation of Salaried Income

In a regressive tax system, lower-income taxpayers pay larger percentages of their incomes in taxes compared to higher-income taxpayers. Although most policymakers and citizens view regressive taxation as generally unfair and unethical, the U.S. tax system taxes wage, salary, and self-employment income in a manner that deliberately subjects lower-income taxpayers to marginal tax rates that are greater than those imposed on higher-income taxpayers. As a result, some lower-income taxpayers pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than higher-income taxpayers. In this essay, we argue that this regressiveness in the taxation of salaried income is unfair and unethical. We then evaluate President Obama’s social security plan, which would retain most of the current tax system’s regressive structure. Finally, we offer two simple alternative proposals that are non-regressive, and thus more fair and ethical approaches to the taxation of salaried income.     

Reformbedarf bei der steuerlichen Berücksichtigung von Kinderbetreuungskosten

In Germany, parents’ taxable income base is reduced by the costs of childcare. The way this is done at the moment is not suitable: for some parents, the income tax deduction is too high, while for others it is too low. The actual tax regulations concerning childcare costs do not support the ability-to-pay principle. This paper discusses how the costs of children and childcare should be treated for tax purposes and which reforms would improve the fairness of the tax treatment of taxpayers with children compared to the tax treatment of taxpayers without children.     

浅析企业税收风险的成因与防范

目前，企业讨论最多的是财务风险、审计风险等，忽视了税收风险对企业影响。但随着经济的迅猛发展和交易的复杂多变性以及税收征纳过程中许多不确定因素的逐渐增多，税收风险也日益引起了人们的注意。税收风险按主体分为：企业（纳税主体）税收风险和税务部门（征税主体）税收风险。本文主要在分析产生企业税收风险原因的基础上，浅析其防范的措施，以便减弱税收风险对企业的负面影响。     

State Income Taxes and Interstate Migration

This paper examines the comprehensive IRS data set of state-state migration flows for evidence that differences in state income tax rates are associated with migration patterns. Using annual data on moves between every pair of states, pooled time-series cross-section regressions indicate that in the 1992–2010 period states with higher top marginal income tax rates experienced relatively greater outmigration of taxpayers and gross income. To illustrate the magnitude of the tax effect, we estimate that by 2010 cumulative losses since the enactment of New Jersey’s 2004 “millionaires’ tax” were as much as 42,000 taxpayers and $6.9 billion in annual adjusted gross income. These results suggest that sustained, relatively high income tax rates could gradually erode a state’s population and revenue base.     

Does health reform affect self-employment? Evidence from Massachusetts

This paper evaluates whether the implementation of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform law affected the decision of taxpayers to be self-employed, using both difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods on a panel of tax returns that spans 1999–2010. Though tenuous, our results suggest that the reform led to a decline in the rate of taxpayers earning a majority of income from self-employment. In addition, it appears to have had a positive impact on earning some self-employment income among joint filers and earning the majority of income from self-employment among older taxpayers, but these were offset by negative impacts on single filers and taxpayers age 35–49.     

Wirkungen einer Beseitigung des „Mittelstandsbauchs“ im Einkommensteuertarif

German income tax revenue is rising continuously, and at a faster rate than overall revenue. This is why tax reductions are increasingly called for. One option is to abolish or at least level the so-called “middle class bulge”. This paper analyses how different tax reform variants affect revenue and the distribution of the tax burden across taxpayers.     

Länderfi nanzausgleich,Steuerwettbewerb und Steuersalienz

Jurisdictions that engage in inter regional tax competition usually try to lessen competitive pressures by substituting salient tax instruments with hidden ones. Given this, the author investigates the effi ciency consequences of inter regional tax competition and fi scal equalisation in a federal system when taxpayers fail to optimally react to shrouded attributes of local tax policy. If the statutory tax rate is a relatively salient instrument and taxpayers pay little attention to the quality and frequency of tax enforcement, the underlying substitution of tax instruments with the aim of reducing the perceived tax price may suppress the under exploitation of tax bases that is typically triggered by fi scal equalisation.     

The medical expense deduction and income levels: Progressive or regressive?

The medical expense deduction (MED) allows taxpayers to deduct from taxable income a proportion of their out-of-pocket medical insurance and health care expenses. Because the rate of subsidy is equal to the marginal tax rate previous studies have found MED to be a regressive tax mechanism biased toward benefiting higher-income taxpayers. The authors demonstrate, using GINI coefficients, that MED makes the tax structure more progressive than it would otherwise be and increases equality of after-tax incomes.     

提升哈尔滨市纳税服务水平问题研究

完善的纳税服务是提升纳税人税收遵从度的重要途径。针对哈尔滨市税务部门在纳税服务工作中服务理念、法律保障、评价机制、信息化、数据应用、国际纳税服务和社会化方面存在的问题,提出了深化服务理念、加快立法保障、完善评价体系、升级硬件平台和发展社会化服务的优化对策,旨在为提升哈尔滨市纳税服务水平提供有益的参考。