制度变迁与现代物流企业产生

现代物流企业的产生本质上是传统物流企业边界扩大的结果.而激励传统企业边界扩大的主要原因在于制度变迁影响了相对价格,引起了交易成本的节省,此外对分工细化收益与规模扩大收益的追求也促进了企业边界的扩大.制度变迁通过直接或间接影响市场和企业两种组织模式下交易成本的对比,导致在企业内部组织交易的交易成本相对于通过市场组织交易的交易成本的下降,促使企业边界扩大.     

基于横向价值链的企业价值创造机理研究

横向价值链作为一种中间组织,是市场组织和企业组织配置资源的补充,在资源配置中同样存在交易成本和管理成本.但由于横向价值链企业间是一种长期合作关系,通过企业问的资源和行动协调,可以有效减少随机交易的交易成本和企业扩大带来的管理成本,从而提升企业价值创造的能力.横向价值链的收益主要来源于企业成本的降低和能力提升带来的收益增加,其成本主要为进入成本、维持成本和风险成本.本文根据对横向价值链收益和成本的分析,提出了横向价值链创造的价值模型.     

效用、交易费用与类非营利性组织

基于交易费用理论以经济学视角来解释类非营利性组织现象或行为。文章以中国高等院校学生会作为类非营利性组织代表,分析、解释其性质及现象,并提出了相关观点和建议。文章认为,学生会存在本质为节省交易或制度费用;学生会是市场运行的特殊产物;成本与效用关系高度影响着组织内部流动;构建高效型学生会关键在于降低交易成本或制度费用。     

超越交易成本理论与企业战略联盟

交易成本理论只是从成本的角度来界定企业边界,对企业战略联盟这种中间组织的特征缺乏解释力,从投入角度对产出分析的交易成本理论只称得上半边理论。而超越交易成本理论,综合考虑了成本和收益双重因素,清晰地界定了企业战略联盟这种组织形态的特征,对快速发展的企业联盟这种组织形式更具有说服力,是大企业进行边界扩张而赢得市场的关键。     

基于竞争优势的企业网络效率边界分析

企业网络作为一种既不同于企业也不同于市场的中间组织形式,比市场节约交易成本,比企业节约组织成本.作为一种高效的组织形式,企业网络的效率既决定于成员企业竞争优势的发挥,又受成员企业之间分工的影响.如果成员企业数目较少、分工较简单,则内生交易成本较高,外生交易成本较低;随着成员企业数目的增加和分工的进一步细化,内生交易成本递减而外生交易成本递增.企业网络的效率边界决定于单位产品的生产成本、单位产品的内生交易成本和单位产品的外生交易成本三者之扣.     

供应链管理的经济学分析

供应链管理是20世纪80年代后期形成的新型的生产组织管理形式,国内外学者大多从技术的角度研究如何提高供应效率.本文从交易成本经济学、博弈论和企业资源经济学的角度论述供应链管理作为企业经营战略的经济学基础,认为供应链管理不仅是一种新型的生产组织管理形式,更是一种企业战略,从战略的高度把握供应链管理,可以对企业进行与供应链相适应的改造,而这种战略的经济基础可以从交易成本经济学、博弈论、企业资源经济学得到诠释.     

银行跨国并购的新制度经济学分析

不同于传统经济学对银行跨国并购的解释,新制度经济学从企业(银行)边界这个特有的观察视角入手,运用交易费用这个独特的分析工具,将对银行跨国并购的理论解释落脚为一种产权交易形式下的、用交易成本大小来衡量的制度变迁现象。     

会展市场交易成本实例研究

近年来我国会展经济飞速发展,这使学界越来越多地关注会展业。本文采用新制度经济学的交易成本分析方法,以厦门中国国际投资贸易洽谈会为例,探讨会展中企业的交易成本,以期为各地会展业提高竞争实力、打造品牌提供新的思路和方法。本文试图阐述会展的集聚性特征有利于减少企业的交易成本,特别是信息成本和契约实施成本,会展市场交易主体共赢的基石正是交易成本的节约,会展行业整体水平提高有赖于会展市场交易主体的共赢。     

威廉姆森契约经济理论研究

威廉姆森对契约经济学的一项主要理论贡献,在于阐明了交易属性各不相同,因而需要多样性的契约关系与之相匹配.无论是企业还是个人,在存在交易成本的条件下,可选择不同的契约以减少交易成本,提高交易的效率.他所阐明的契约关系治理的适应性和私人秩序问题,在建立现代市场经济的过程中,具有重要的现实意义和应用价值.     

威廉姆森交易成本经济学述评

威廉姆森交易成本经济学主要探讨企业签约与市场签约,即企业、市场及与之相关的契约签订问题。威廉姆森从资产专用性的角度来解释交易成本,再从交易成本来研究合约,他认为:为了使交易成本最小化,无论是在市场还是在企业内部,不同的治理结构都应与不同的交易类型匹配。     

农户交易中介化——概念界定与经济合理性论证

目前我国绝大多数农户采用直接化的交易方式,近年来,出现了一种新的交易方式,即"交易中介化",到底是哪种交易方式更有效?哪种方式更能节省交易成本?所以必须对其内涵进行界定,以"交易成本"为分析工具,借助一个关于基础交易成本与交易方式选择的模型。由于农户的有限理性、不确定性、交易频率、资产的专用性等因素影响,农户的基础交易成本是相当高的。从微观经济学的角度来看,直接化的交易还会使农户的福利受到损失。换言之,中介化交易是一项有效的制度安排。     

Transaction cost entrepreneurship

When offering a novel product, the entrepreneur desires the customer to choose to “buy” (from the entrepreneur) rather than to “make.” Transaction cost economics provides guidance to firms considering a make-versus-buy decision. In this paper we extend transaction cost economics to examine the novel transactions proposed by the entrepreneur. Application of the theory identifies three crucial considerations for the transaction: the cost of quality measurement, the risk of overconfidence by the entrepreneur (here termed identity risk), and the required cost of necessary transaction specific assets. By extending transaction cost analysis to cover novel transactions across customers, entrepreneurship can be analyzed using established theories and measures to generate novel propositions.     

对花卉拍卖交易方式的思考

<正>荷兰式拍卖方式的应用已经历100多年的发展,由于其自身的优点早已成为许多国家花卉、蔬菜、水果等农产品等领域先后效仿、移植的流通方式。我国最早在1998年,北京菜太花卉交易中心将拍卖引入花卉交易领域。那么,拍卖这种交易方式可靠吗?到底这种交易方式的优势在哪里?     

伏速成交，善于利用三把金钥匙

被称为"无敌推销员"的法兰克·贝特格曾说过这样一句话:"每个人都是你的客户,尊重每一个客户,对不同的客户具体问题具体分析,适时制造紧张气氛,如果有人情在,你的销售就更容易成功了."     

交易性金融资产及其会计处理

<正>交易性金融资产是指企业为了交易目的而持有的金融资产,如企业利用闲置资金以赚取差价为目的从二级市场上购买的股票、债券、基金等。此外,企业持有的直接指定为以公允价值计量且其变动计     

The Transaction Index: A Method for Standardizing Comparisons of Transaction Characteristics Across Different Contexts

This article develops a transaction index (TI), a new method that facilitates comparisons of pricing behavior between reference and target groups of transactors across different types of transactions. The TI compares the target price, derived from the target group, to a transaction zone, which is a range of plausible prices in a negotiation established by the reference groups. These two groups should be conceptually related, for example, through a social association. Statistically, the index can bring transactions at widely differing price levels to a common level and standardize price volatility to facilitate comparisons across transactions. Conceptually, it incorporates a comparison of two groups into a single measure so that their relationship can be analyzed in terms of other variables. An application of a TI to friends' and strangers' pricing decisions reveals richer associations than those observed through more traditional analytic approaches.     

Transaction Cost Economics: The Origins

This paper is an autobiographical recollection of how my interest in and work on transaction cost economics progressively developed. It begins with an overview of the transaction cost economics project. A sketch of my undergraduate and graduate education follows. Key events in the 1960s that set the stage for my 1971 paper on “The Vertical Integration of Production” are then described. This paper would turn out to be the entering wedge from which transaction cost economics would take shape and continues today, as set out in the closing pages of the article.     

Transaction Cost Theory and International Business

I discuss the cross-fertilization between transaction cost theory (TCT) and international business (IB), showing how TCT provides a powerful lens to study the institutions that organize international interdependencies, and especially multinational enterprises (MNEs). I then discuss some of the insights that IB can provide for the further development of TCT. I argue that a full explanation of why MNEs exist must rely on information asymmetry as well as asset specificity, and that the study of modes of foreign market entry leads to alternative viewpoints on equity joint ventures and hybrids. I conclude by stressing the need for a simultaneous consideration of market transaction costs and internal organization costs when examining governance choices.     

交易费用与我国股权分置改革

一、股权分置形成的原因及对资本市场的影响中国股市多年来一直存在各种各样的问题,矛盾的焦点集中在股权分置这一问题上。所谓股权分置,又称股权分裂、股权割裂等,是指上市公司的一部分股份上市流通,而另一部分暂不上市流通,即流通股与非流通股相分离。我国证券市场建立之初对     

Transaction Structure in Japanese Small Business Sector

An attempt has been made to examine some aspects of transaction structure of the small business sector in Japanese manufacturing. It has been found that there are some interesting findings in the industrial organization of the sector (1) In the transactions of intermediate goods with manufacturing, small businesses have more frequent transactions with other small businesses than with large firms. On the other hand, large firms have more transactions with each other than with small businesses; (2) The transactions between SMEs and large firms, and between SMEs themselves vary from industry to industry, depending on production/demand structure of an industry and product structure of its SMEs sector; (3) In engineering, such as electrical machinery and transport equipment, the intra-industry transactions from small businesses to large firms are great, suggesting a larger extent of subcontracting relationships. Also, textiles, clothing, and printing and publishing also have higher subcontracting transactions.The relationships are different between the two groups.