公私医疗卫生支出与经济增长关系的实证分析

众所周知,医疗卫生支出不仅关系到一个国家社会福利政策的规划,还对经济增长具有不可忽略的促进作用。然而,现有文献对于医疗卫生支出与经济增长关系之间的研究结论却是众说纷纭。鉴于此,本文根据医疗卫生支出的支付主体,将其分为政府医疗卫生支出和居民医疗卫生支出,并通过建立双向固定效应模型对公私医疗卫生支出对经济增长的影响进行分析。结果显示：从全国平均水平来看,政府医疗卫生支出每增长100％,带动经济增长12．08％,居民医疗卫生支出每增长100％,带动经济增长15．85％;但与此同时,考虑到不同地区的经济发展非均衡化时,政府医疗卫生支出和居民医疗卫生支出带动经济增长的效应差异甚大,其中政府医疗卫生支出对经济增长呈现“倒U型”效应,而居民医疗卫生支出对经济增长呈现“阶梯型”效应。     

计划生育与生殖健康促进

论述了生殖健康和生殖健康权的含义.计划生育和生殖健康优质服务"三大工程"将在保障公民生殖健康权利、稳定国家人口低生育水平方面发挥重要作用.生殖健康促进必然带动生殖健康事业的发展和生殖健康产业的开发.     

Corporate Governance as Part of the Strategic Process: Rethinking the Role of the Board

Commercial food health branding is a challenging branch of marketing because it might, at the same time, promote healthy living and be commercially viable. However, the power to influence individuals’ health behavior and overall health status makes it crucial for marketing professionals to take into account the ethical dimensions of health branding: this article presents a conceptual analysis of potential ethical problems in health branding. The analysis focuses on ethical concerns related to the application of three health brand elements (functional claims, process claims, and health symbols) as well as a number of general concerns that apply to health branding as such. Being a pioneering analysis, this article advances the academic understanding of health branding and provides practitioners with knowledge of important concerns to take into account when marketing health brands.     

健康信息获取渠道对城市老年人健康信息素养的影响 ——基于我国西部地区三省市的问卷调查分析

基于2017年中国西部三个省市的812份老年人调查数据,利用列联表交叉分析和回归分析方法,探讨健康信息获取渠道对西部地区城市老年人健康信息素养的影响。研究发现:与媒介传播渠道相比,通过人际传播渠道获取健康信息的城市老年人健康信息素养水平普遍要低;通过杂志图书和电视获取健康信息对城市老年人健康信息素养产生正向影响作用;通过杂志图书和电视获取健康信息、受教育水平高、汉族、自评经济状况好、具有慢性病患病经历、主动获取健康知识的城市老年人更有可能具备充足的健康信息素养。     

中国健康资本内生折旧率估算及成因分析

"健康中国"战略背景下,准确估算健康资本折旧率对把握我国人口健康资本动态变化具有重要意义。在经典的健康资本需求框架内,正式引入年龄、环境与健康投资的异质性,扩展构建健康资本内生折旧率模型。基于永续盘存法基本原理,结合精算模型与生命表数据,对不同年龄、性别和风险假设下我国居民健康资本折旧率进行估算与分析。研究发现,我国居民健康资本折旧率存在明显的年龄差异与性别差异:中青年阶段折旧率缓慢提高、老年阶段加速上升;男性健康资本折旧率始终高于女性。随着人口老龄化程度加深,年龄对健康资本折旧率的影响下降,健康投资的影响则持续增强。提高健康投资回报率,是降低折旧率进而提高我国人均健康资本存量的关键。     

医疗卫生支出与社会公平的动态相关性研究

对我国医疗卫生支出与基尼系数之间动态均衡关系的研究发现,中国医疗卫生支出与全国居民收入的基尼系数之间存在长期的正向关系,即与社会公平存在负向关系。医疗卫生支出对社会公平的影响不大,说明了医疗卫生支出效率不高。为了增强医疗卫生支出的产出效应,应完善财政支出的运作机制,让所有财政支出包括医疗卫生支出在规范中运作,这样才能使财政支出及医疗卫生支出的功能更充分地体现出来。     

The competitive solution and the health care problems of today

Mark Pauly claims that a "competitive" health care system will solve the health care cost crisis. This article examines how well the competitive solution deals with the five central problems of the health care system: (1) almost universal lack of adequate health insurance for nursing homes and home care; (2) Medicaid's penurious approach to payment for health services for the poor; (3) the emergence of a dual health care system, especially for children; (4) the entrenched waste and inefficiency of the health care system; and (5) consumers' inability to judge the quality of health care. The competitive solution does not eliminate any of these problems--and may not even improve some of them.     

Leveraging FDA Health Claims

Although past research has investigated different aspects of various health claims, relatively little effort has been directed toward synthesizing the reasons why some Food and Drug Administration (FDA) health claims are more successful than others. After outlining two necessary conditions for a health claim's success, currently approved FDA health claims are examined to explain both the diet–health relationship and its effect on the widespread awareness and adoption of the claim. Understanding what makes health claims successful provides useful nutrition education and product‐labeling lessons for policy makers in all countries.     

商业健康保险和农村健康保障

随着农村医疗卫生系统的市场化改革和合作医疗的解体 ,农民失去了最基本的健康保障。多层次的农村健康保障体系亟待建立。商业健康保险是多层次健康保障体系中的重要支柱。目前开发农村地区对于商业健康保险的潜在需求在经济上是可行的。进一步提出了发展农村商业健康保险的建议。     

健康教育：中国当今最大的社会问题

在中国 ,健康通常被理解为身体健康。心理健康尽管已为大多数民众意识到 ,但并未引起人们的普遍重视。社会健康一般被列为社会学和犯罪学考虑的范围。现代生活方式导致人身体运动的缺乏 ,社会问题则是造成人心理焦虑普遍增多的一个主要原因 ,健康社会学研究的欠缺 ,特别是流行病社会学研究的欠缺 ,更使得健康问题成为当今中国最大的社会问题。加强健康社会学在中国的研究已势在必行。     

航天地面测控系统的健康管理应用

健康管理技术为管理对象提供健康状态管理和维护功能,已成为航空航天装备系统的重要组成部分。针对航天地面测控系统的健康管理需求,提出了基于多层级健康状态采集信息的健康管理体系架构,为地面测控设备提供状态监视、故障诊断和健康状态评估服务,并对相关健康管理功能的业务模型进行了分析,对全系统的健康管理体系工作流程进行了设计。该健康管理系统目前已实际应用于某地面测控站的建设中,提高了地面站设备的故障检测维修效率。     

自评健康评价标准会随时间变化吗?

自评健康是大型问卷调查中的常用变量。有些研究者会依据自评健康的变化来判断受访者的健康变化情况,但这类分析的前提是健康评价标准在不同时间点保持稳定。本文利用具有全国代表性的"中国家庭追踪调查"中情境题面板数据的特殊设计,来分析人们的健康评价标准在两年间是否会发生变化。结果表明,对于健康状况较好的情境人物,大部分年龄组的评价标准在两年间没有明显变化;但对于健康状况较差的情境人物,所有年龄组评价标准呈现下降趋势。固定效应模型结果表明,在45岁-70岁的人群中,日常活动障碍的出现会导致健康评价标准下降。     

Connecting U.S. Health Expenditures with the Health Sector Workforce

The National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA) produced by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services report that U.S. health care spending was $2.6 trillion in 2010. More recent estimates from Altarum Institute confirm that the health sector represents 17.9 percent of our national output. The data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that the health sector continued to create jobs throughout the recession and recovery and now accounts for nearly one in nine jobs. For the first time, we link the workforce by occupation to national spending on health care services by aligning data sets from the BLS and Bureau of Economic Analysis with the NHEA. We find $1 trillion, or 57 percent of the $1.78 trillion spent on personal health care services, went to health sector labor. Characterizing the health sector workforce and its contribution to health expenditures informs the potential for spending reductions and the implications of such reductions on employment.     

GATS与国际健康服务贸易综述

国际健康服务贸易的兴起给发展中国家带来了贸易获利的机会,但也会对其国民健康体系造成冲击并加剧本已存在的健康服务不平等问题。按照GATS对国际服务贸易的定义,国际健康服务贸易相应也有四种模式,不同的模式发生的动因有所不同,其对发展中国家带来的经济影响也有差异。发展中国家如何促进其健康服务贸易发展并缓解健康服务不平等问题,要考虑健康服务贸易的政策壁垒,从公共政策和贸易政策方面进行调整。     

高校班主任开展心理健康教育工作探析

学生心理健康全面发展是高校班主任工作的重点。文章探讨了班主任开展心理健康教育工作的重要性,分析了班主任开展心理健康教育工作的局限性,以及采取了相应措施,促进学生心理健康发展。     

Mental health of UK university business students: Relationship with shame,motivation and self-compassion

There is growing awareness of mental health problems among UK business students, which appears to be exacerbated by students’ attitudes of shame toward mental health. This study recruited 138 UK business students and examined the relationship between mental health and shame, and mental health and potential protective factors such as self-compassion and motivation. A significant correlation between each of the constructs was observed and self-compassion was identified as an explanatory variable for mental health. Shame moderated the relationship between self-compassion and mental health. Integrating self-compassion training into business study programs may help to improve the mental health of this student group.     

No Pain,No Strain: Impact of Health on the Financial Security of Older Americans

This study uses data from the 2002 and 2004 Health and Retirement Study to investigate the impact that new and existing health problems have on the financial strain of older Americans. Two‐period models are estimated for a series of financial ratio guidelines that take into account household solvency, liquidity, and investment asset accumulation. We test our models using a subjective measure of self‐reported health status and two objective measures of health that control for the severity of specific health conditions. The results show that health problems significantly increase the likelihood of financial strain for older individuals, but the effects vary by the measure of financial strain used and how health status is defined. Specifically, existing health conditions were more likely to affect solvency and investment asset accumulation than liquidity, while new health events were more likely to affect solvency. The severity of the condition did not seem to matter as much as whether the condition was chronic. These results provide insight into the future financial security of older Americans and have important implications for health policy and research.     

Examination of Health Messages in Food Advertising: A Case of South Korea

As the public interest in health information has increased globally, the use of health benefits in food advertisements is becoming more essential for food marketing strategy. Consumers view a food product as healthy if it carries a health claim, whereas there has been an ongoing debate about the value of health claims as a strategy to help consumers’ healthier food consumption. The present study attempted to examine the food commercials broadcast on Korean network television in terms of claim types and executional elements. Results indicate that television food advertising has made a wide number of implied “soft” health claims (e.g., “good for health”) without substantial information and call into question whether consumers are misled or deceived by the executional elements used for presenting health messages. The findings of the study raise regulatory concerns about the provision of potentially confusing or misleading health messages in food advertising nationally as well as internationally and suggest further research in this area.     

Gesundheitsfonds — effizientere Steuerung des Gesundheitssystems?

In 2009 the German central health fund was implemented. It was the result of a political compromise. One political party intended to equalise the risk structure among 130 different health care funds, and the other wanted to intensify competition and to improve efficiency among the different health insurances. The fund is flanked by a health-based risk adjustment and is aimed at sustainably ensuring the funding of the statutory health insurance system. It also constitutes the basis for competition among statutory health care funds, securing quality and efficiency in health care provision. To cover additional expenditures, health insurers had to charge flatrate premiums. A new law, which will come into effect in January 2015, will oblige health insurers to charge income related contributions. It is not clear how this will change competition among insurers. The federal government will not need to finance subsidies to low income individuals anymore. Income redistribution will only take place within the public health insurance system, exempting the privately insured and public servants from supporting low income individuals. The authors claim that the health care fund will not succeed in its aim of securing a sustainable financial basis for the statutory health insurance system. Most of the authors argue that there is no evidence of greater efficiency thus far, and they offer proposals on how to achieve improved performance.     

我国人口健康知识传播渠道与效果分析

健康素质是人们获取、掌握和使用相关的信息维持和促进健康的基本技能和认知能力总称。健康知识的传播既是公共卫生的重要内容,也是人们保持健康,提高健康素养的重要保证。利用卫生部近期出版和发布的调查资料,通过人们获取健康知识的途径和对健康相关知识的了解程度的分析,揭示我国15岁以上人口对健康知识的掌握程度,并指出健康知识传播所存在的问题。